Estenosis congénita del canal anal: caso clínico / Congenital stenosis of the anal canal: clinical case / Estenose congênita do canal anal: caso clínico

La estenosis del canal anal es una forma infrecuente de malformación anorrectal, representando el 1%. Existen pocos casos registrados sobre esta patología.1 Se trata de una entidad donde el ano presenta una estenosis de longitud variable, se encuentra normo-implantado, de apariencia normal, rodeado de complejo esfinteriano adecuado. Se debe descartar la presencia de malformaciones asociadas, cardiovasculares, renales, osteoarticulares, y especialmente se debe evaluar la presencia de masa pre-sacra, pudiendo presentarse teratomas, mielomeningocele anterior, entre otras. El tratamiento quirúrgico consiste en resecar el sector estenótico, realizar anoplastia respetando el complejo esfinteriano mediante un abordaje posterior, sin disección de la cara anterior del recto Debido a la presencia de un complejo esfinteriano circundante normal, el pronóstico funcional intestinal de estos pacientes es excelente. Presentamos el primer caso clínico en nuestro país de un paciente con estenosis del canal anal, su forma de presentación, tratamiento quirúrgico y evolución.

Anal canal stenosis is a rare form of anorectal malformation, representing 1%. There are few registered cases and there is little literature on this entity. It is an entity where the anus presents a stenosis of variable length, is normo-implanted, with a normal appearance, surrounded by an adequate sphincter complex. The presence of associated cardiovascular, renal, and osteoarticular malformations must be ruled out, and especially the presence of a presacral mass must be evaluated, which may present teratomas, anterior myelomeingocele, among others. Surgical treatment consists of respecting the sphincter complex through a posterior approach, without dissection of the anterior face of the rectum. Due to the presence of a normal surrounding sphincter complex, the intestinal functional prognosis of these patients is excellent. We present the first clinical case in our setting of a patient with stenosis of the anal canal, its form of presentation, surgical treatment and evolution.

A estenose do canal anal é uma forma rara de malformaçãoanorretal, representando 1%. Existempoucos casos registados e hápouca literatura sobre esta entidade. É umaentidade onde o ânusapresentaestenose de comprimentovariável, é normo-implantado, de aspecto normal, circundado por um complexo esfincterianoadequado. Deve-se descartar a presença de malformações cardiovasculares, renais e osteoarticulares associadas e, principalmente, avaliar a presença de massapré-sacral, que pode apresentar teratomas, mielomeingocele anterior, entre outros. O tratamentocirúrgico consiste em respeitar o complexo esfincteriano por via posterior, semdissecção da face anterior do reto. Devido à presença de um complexo esfincteriano circundante normal, o prognóstico funcional intestinal destes pacientes é excelente. Apresentamos o primeiro caso clínico em nossomeio de paciente comestenose do canal anal, sua forma de apresentação, tratamentocirúrgico e evolução.

Resultados de la aplicación del consenso cubano de prevención del cáncer anal / Results of the Application of the Cuban Consensus for Anal Cancer Prevention

Introducción: El incremento del cáncer anal en poblaciones de alto riesgo induce a la implementación de protocolos para efectuar diagnóstico precoz y seguimiento de neoplasia anal intraepitelial. Objetivo: Evaluar los resultados de la aplicación del consenso nacional de prevención del cáncer anal en Cuba. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio longitudinal prospectivo con 43 pacientes de alto riesgo de neoplasia anal intraepitelial atendidos en la consulta de Coloproctología del Hospital Universitario Clínico Quirúrgico "Comandante Manuel Fajardo", desde 2018 hasta 2019. Se evaluaron en el momento del diagnóstico y a los 6 meses. Se hicieron estudios de citología anal (normales, lesiones de bajo y alto grado, y células epidermoides atípicas de significado incierto), examen digital anorrectal y anoscopia de alta resolución (normal, tipos I-II y III). Resultados: El 53,5 por ciento de los resultados fueron normales. En los hallazgos anormales por citología anal, la lesión de bajo grado fue la de mayor porcentaje (50 por ciento). La neoplasia anal intraepitelial tipo I fue la de mayor frecuencia (52,9 por ciento). De los pacientes evolucionados a los 6 meses, la mayoría tuvo resultados anormales de citología anal (55,6 por ciento), se presentó el 70 por ciento con lesiones de bajo grado. El examen digital anorrectal fue normal en todos los casos. Los factores de riesgos predominantes fueron: sexo con penetración anal y sexo de hombres con otros hombres, incluyendo que todos habían padecido el virus del papiloma humano. Conclusiones: El protocolo permitió identificar fundamentalmente lesiones de bajo grado. Los factores de riesgo influyen en la aparición de esta neoplasia(AU)

Introduction: The increase of anal cancer in high-risk populations leads to the implementation of protocols to perform early diagnosis and follow-up of anal intraepithelial neoplasia. Objective: To evaluate the results of the application of the national consensus for anal cancer prevention in Cuba. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted with 43 patients at high risk of intraepithelial anal neoplasia cared for in the coloproctology consultation at Comandante Manuel Fajardo Clinical Surgical University Hospital, from 2018 to 2019. They were evaluated at the time of diagnosis and at six months. Anal cytology studies (normal, low- and high-degree lesions, and atypical epidermoid cells of uncertain significance), anorectal digital examination and high resolution anoscopy (normal, types I-II and III) were performed. Results: 53.5 percent of the results were normal. In abnormal anal cytology findings, low-degree lesion had the highest percentage (50 percent). Anal intraepithelial neoplasia type I was the most frequent (52.9 percent). Of the patients followed up at six months, the majority had abnormal anal cytology results (55.6 percent); 70 percent had low-degree lesions. The anorectal digital examination was normal in all cases. The predominant risk factors were anal penetrative sex and male-to-male sex, including that all had had human papillomavirus. Conclusions: The protocol allowed the identification of primarily low-degree lesions. Risk factors influence the appearance of this neoplasm(AU)

Abordaje abierto versus laparoscópico para la reconstitución del tránsito luego de la cirugía de Hartmann: resultados de una experiencia de 10 años / Open versus laparoscopic approach for Hartmann's reversal: results of a 10-year retrospective cohort study

Resumen Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es comparar los resultados perioperatorios del abordaje abierto (AA) con el abordaje laparoscópico (AL) para la reconstitución de tránsito (RT), y determinar factores de riesgo asociados a morbilidad posoperatoria. Material y Métodos: Se estudiaron pacientes consecutivos sometidos a RT entre enero de 2007 y diciembre de 2016 en nuestro centro. Se excluyeron aquellos con grandes hernias incisionales que requirieran reparación abierta simultánea. Se consignaron variables demográficas y perioperatorias, y se compararon ambos grupos. Además, se realizó una regresión logística para la identificación de factores de riesgo asociados a morbilidad posoperatoria en la serie. Resultados: Se realizaron 101 RT en el período. Se excluyeron 14 casos por hernia incisional, por lo que se analizaron 87 casos (46 AA y 41 AL). Diez pacientes en el grupo AL (24,4%) requirieron conversión, principalmente por adherencias. La morbilidad total de la serie fue de 36,8%, siendo mayor en el AA (50% vs 21,9%, p = 0,007). Hubo una filtración anastomótica en cada grupo. La estadía posoperatoria fue de 5 (3-52) días para el AL y 7 (4-36) días para el AA (p < 0,001). En la regresión logística, sólo el AA fue un factor de riesgo independientemente asociado a morbilidad posoperatoria (OR 2,89, IC 95% 1,11-7,49; p = 0,029). Conclusión: El abordaje laparoscópico se asocia a menor morbilidad y estadía posoperatoria que el abordaje abierto para la reconstitución del tránsito pos-Hartmann. En nuestra serie, el abordaje abierto fue el único factor independientemente asociado a morbilidad posoperatoria.

Introduction: Hartmann's reversal (HR) is considered a technically demanding procedure and is associated with high morbidity rates. Aim: The aim of this study is to compare the perioperative results of the open approach (OA) with the laparoscopic approach (LA) for HR, and to determine the risk factors associated with postoperative morbidity. Material and Methods: Consecutive patients undergoing HR between January 2007 and December 2016 at a university hospital were included. Patients with large incisional hernias that required an open approach a priori were excluded from the analysis. Demographic and perioperative variables were recorded. Analytical statistics were carried out to compare both groups, and a logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors associated with postoperative morbidity in the series. Results: A hundred and one HR were performed during the study period. Fourteen cases were excluded due to large incisional hernias, so 87 cases (46 OA and 41 LA) were analyzed. Ten patients in the LA group (24.4%) required conversion, mainly due to adhesions. The total morbidity of the series was 36.8%, being higher in the OA group (50% vs. 21.9%, p = 0.007). There was one case of anastomotic leakage in each group. The length of stay was 5 (3-52) days for LA and 7 (4-36) days for OA (p < 0.001). In the logistic regression, the OA was the only independent risk factor associated with postoperative morbidity in HR (OR 2.89, IC 95% 1.11-7.49; p = 0.029). Conclusion: A laparoscopic approach is associated with less morbidity and a shorter length of stay compared to the open approach for Hartmann's reversal. An open approach was the only factor independently associated with postoperative morbidity in our series.

Estudio comparativo en pacientes sometidos a cirugía colorrectal con preparación mecánica exclusiva y preparación mecánica con antibióticos orales / Complications and postoperative clinical evolution in patients undergoing colorectal surgery with mechanical preparation alone and mechanical preparation with oral antibiotics

Objetivo: Evaluar las complicaciones posoperatorias y la evolución clínica en pacientes sometidos a colectomías y anastomosis con dos estrategias preoperatorias, preparación mecánica (PMC) y preparación mecánica con antibióticos orales (PMC+AO). Materiales y Método: Estudio retrospectivo, con un total de 216 pacientes, 149 fueron del grupo PMC y 67 del PMC+AO. Variables estudiadas: características demográficas, intervención quirúrgica, localización anastomótica, fuga anastomótica (FA), infección del sitio operatorio (ISO), tránsito intestinal posoperatorio, infección por Clostridium difficile (CD) y estadía hospitalaria. Para el análisis estadístico se realizaron modelos bivariados y multivariados. Resultados: La FA fue más frecuente en el grupo PMC (7,38% vs. 0%, p = 0,011). En colectomías del lado izquierdo, la diferencia más marcada en las FA de ambos grupos fue en anastomosis del recto medio, sin casos en el grupo PMC+AO (0% vs. 50%, p = 0,019). En colectomías derechas, la FA fue similar para ambos grupos. Hubo más ISO en el grupo PMC (4,7% vs. 0%, p = 0,037). La recuperación del tránsito intestinal fue más rápida para el grupo PMC+AO, determinando menor estadía hospitalaria (3,98 días vs. 6,39 días, p = 0,001). El grupo PMC+AO se asoció a mayor tasa de colitis por CD (4,48% vs. 0,67%, p = 0,008). Discusión y Conclusión: El uso de la preparación intestinal con antibióticos orales podría ayudar a prevenir la FA en las colectomías izquierdas y evitar las ISO, favoreciendo la recuperación del tránsito intestinal, reduciendo la estadía hospitalaria. La asociación a CD debe examinarse en estudios más amplios.

Aim: To evaluate postoperative complications and clinical evolution in patients undergoing colectomies and anastomosis with two preoperative strategies, mechanical bowel preparation alone (MBP) and mechanical bowel preparation with oral antibiotics (MBP+OA). Materials and Method: Retrospective study, with defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Variables studied: preoperative demographic characteristics, surgical intervention, anastomotic location, anastomotic leakage (AL), surgical site infection (SSI), postoperative intestinal transit, Clostridium difficile (CD) infection and hospital stay. Statistical analysis, bivariate and multivariate models were performed. Results: 216 patients studied, 149 were MBP group and 67 MBP+OA group. The group MBP had higher rates of AL (7.38% vs. 0%, p = 0.011). For left-sided colectomies, AL rate in both groups had a higher difference in the middle rectum, with no cases in the MBP+OA group (0% vs. 50%, p = 0.019). For right colectomies, the AL rates were similar in both groups. SSI was higher in MBP group (4.7% vs. 0%, p = 0.037). The bowel transit recovery was faster for MBP+OA group, determining less hospital stay (3.98 days vs. 6.39 days, p = 0.001). The group MBP+OA had a higher rate of CD colitis, 4.48% (p = 0.008). Discussion and Conclusion: These results suggest that preoperative oral antibiotic with mechanical bowel preparation could help to prevent anastomotic leaks in left-sided colectomies, also avoid surgical site infection, favoring the recovery of postoperative bowel transit, reducing hospital stay. The association to CD should be examined in larger studies.

Is fistulotomy with marsipulization more effective than fistulectomy alone for low fistula in ano?

Background: Fistula in ano is a very common perianal condition seen in outpatient departments. Fistulotomy and fistulectomy are two conventional options of surgery. The present study is designed to observe wound healing time and mean postoperative pain score in the comparison of outcome of the fistulectomy to fistulotomy with marsupialization. Methods: This prospective randomized trial was conducted in the surgical department of the Civil Hospital Karachi for a period of 12 months, in which 60 patients with low anal fistula were divided into 2 groups. Thirty patients in group A were treated with fistulectomy, and 30 in group B were treated with fistulotomy with marsupialization. The postoperative pain severity was assessed after 24 hrs through a visual analogue scale and on weekly and fortnightly follow-ups for 6 weeks. Wound healing was assessed by clinical examination on weekly and fortnightly follow-ups for 6 weeks to estimate the mean healing time. Results: The mean pain score was significantly lower in group B in comparison to group A (3.6±1.99 versus 2.40±1.52; p=0.01). The mean wound healing time was shorter in group B in comparison to group A (4.23±0.77 versus 5.80±0.41 weeks; p=0.0005). Conclusion: Fistulotomy with marsupialization is a simple, easy, and more effective method than fistulectomy for the treatment of simple perianal fistula. (AU)

Robotic transanal surgery: initial experience in a developing country / Cirugía robótica transanal: experiencia inicial en un país en vías de desarrollo

Background: Transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) is a surgical technique used for the excision of rectal neoplasia that gained popularity during the last decade. Due to the technical difficulty (non-articulated instruments, reduced workspace) and the long learning curve associated with this technique, the use of robotic platforms to improve resection results has been suggested and reported, at the same time that the learning curve decreases and the procedure is facilitated. Materials and Methods: From March 2017 to December 2019, all patients with rectal lesions eligible for TAMIS were offered the possibility to receive a robotic TAMIS (RTAMIS). We used a transanal GelPoint Path (Applied Medical Inc., Santa Margarita, CA, USA) in the anal canal to be able to do the Da Vinci Si (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) robotic platform docking, which we used to perform the excision of the rectal lesion as well as the resection site defect. Results: Five patients between 34 and 79 years of age underwent R-TAMIS. The mean distance to the anal verge was 8.8 cm. There were no conversions. The mean surgery time was 85 minutes, and the mean docking time was 6.6minutes. Conclusions: Robotic TAMIS is a feasible alternative to TAMIS, with a faster learning curve for experienced surgeons in transanal surgery and better ergonomics. Further studies are needed to assess the cost-benefit relationship. (AU)

Introdução: A cirurgia transanal minimamente invasiva (TAMIS, na sigla em inglês) é uma técnica que se tornou popular na última década para a excisão local de neoplasias no reto. Devido à dificuldade técnica (instrumentos não articulados, espaço de trabalho reduzido) e à longa curva de aprendizado representada por essa técnica, o uso de plataformas robóticas para melhorar os resultados da ressecção tem sido sugerido e relatado, aomesmo tempo emque a curva de aprendizado diminui e o procedimento é facilitado. Materiais e Métodos: De março de 2017 a dezembro de 2019, foi oferecida aos pacientes comlesões retais candidatos aoTAMIS a possibilidade de ressecção transanal robótica (R-TAMIS). Foi utilizada uma porta de acesso transanal GelPoint Path (Applied Medical Inc. Santa Margarita, CA, EUA), que foi introduzida no canal anal para posteriormente criar pneumoperitônio e realizar o acoplamento do sistema robótico Da Vinci Si (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA, EUA) para realizar a ressecção e o fechamento do defeito por robótica. Resultados: Cinco pacientes entre 79 e 34 anos foram submetidos à R-TAMIS. A distânciamédia àmargemanal foi de 8,8 cm. Não houve conversões. O tempo cirúrgico médio foi de 85 minutos, e o tempo médio de acoplamento foi de 6,6 minutos. Conclusões: A R-TAMIS é uma alternativa à TAMIS convencional, com menor curva de aprendizado para cirurgiões experientes em cirurgia transanalminimamente invasiva e melhor ergonomia para ressecção e fechamento. Outros estudos são necessários para avaliar a relação custo-benefício. (AU)

Robotic surgery in rectal cancer* / Cirurgia robótica no cancro do reto

Abstract Rectal cancer is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The most effective and curative treatment is surgery, and the standard procedure is total mesorectal excision, initially performed by open surgery and posteriorly by minimally invasive techniques. Robotic surgery is an emerging technology that is expected to overcome the limitations of the laparoscopic approach. It has several advantages, including a stable camera platform with high definition three-dimensional image, flexible instrumentswith seven degrees of freedom, a third arm for fixed retraction, fine motion scaling, excellent dexterity, ambidextrous capability, elimination of physiological tremors and better ergonomics, that facilitate a steady and precise tissue dissection. The main technical disadvantages are the loss of tactile sensation and tensile feedback and the complex installation process. The aim of the present study is to review the importance and benefits of robotic surgery in rectal cancer, particularly in comparison with the laparoscopic approach. Intraoperative estimated blood loss, short and long-term outcomes as well as pathological outcomes were similar between robotic and laparoscopic surgery. The operative time is usually longer in robotic surgery and the high costs are still itsmajor drawback. Robotic surgery for rectal cancer demonstrated lower conversion rate to open surgery and benefits in urinary and sexual functions and has been established as a safe and feasible technique.

Resumo O cancro do reto é uma importante causa de morbidade e mortalidade em todo o mundo. O único tratamento curativo e mais eficaz é a cirurgia, sendo que o procedimento padrão é a excisão total do mesoreto, inicialmente realizada por cirurgia aberta e mais tarde por técnicas minimamente invasivas. A cirurgia robótica é uma tecnologia emergente que pretende ultrapassar as limitações da laparoscopia. As vantagens incluem plataforma de câmera estável, imagem tridimensional com alta definição, instrumentos flexíveis com sete graus de liberdade, terceiro braço para retração fixa, movimentos finos, excelente destreza, ambidestria, eliminação do tremor fisiológico e maior conforto ergonômico, que facilitam uma disseção firme e precisa dos tecidos. As principais desvantagens técnicas são a perda da sensação táctil e feedback tensional e o complexo processo de instalação. O objetivo deste estudo é fazer uma revisão bibliográfica da importância e dos benefícios da cirurgia robótica no cancro do reto, particularmente em comparação coma cirurgia laparoscópica. A perda estimada de sangue intraoperatória, os outcomes a curto e longo-prazo e os outcomes patológicos foram equivalentes entre a cirurgia robótica e laparoscópica. O tempo operatório é geralmente mais longo na cirurgia robótica e os elevados custos são a sua principal desvantagem. A cirurgia robótica no cancro do reto demonstrou menor taxa de conversão para cirurgia aberta e benefícios nas funções urinária e sexual e está estabelecida como uma técnica segura e viável.

Effects of laparoscopic Hartmann reversal on short-term operative outcomes among vietnamese patients / Resultados da reversão precoce da cirurgia de Hartmann em pacientes vietnamitas

Abstract Background The reestablishment of continuity after Hartmann operation is considered a major surgical procedure with high morbidity and mortality. The optimal interval time between the Hartman procedure and reversal is controversial. Our study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of laparoscopic Hartmann reversal and to determine the optimal timing of operation. Methods All patients who underwent laparoscopic Hartmann reversal from 2008 to 2019 (11 years) at the University Medical Center (UMC) in Ho Chi Minh City were recruited and divided into 2 groups according to the interval time (≤ 4 or > 4 months). The short-term operative outcomes of these groups were compared. Results There were 66 patients who underwent laparoscopic Hartmann reversal (mean age: 63.2 years old); ~ 77% of them had colorectal cancer, and 17% had complicated diverticular disease. Themortality rate, anastomotic leakage rate, and overall complication rate were 0%, 1.5%, and 13.2%, respectively. Early operation was performed in 36 patients, and late reversal in 28 patients. There was no difference in mortality, anastomotic leakage, operative complications, and hospital stay between the two groups. Conclusion Laparoscopic Hartmann reversal was effective with acceptable morbidity and mortality at the UMC. There was no observed impact of the interval time between the Hartmann procedure and laparoscopic Hartmann reversal on the short-term operative outcomes.

Resumo Introdução O reestabelecimento da continuidade após a cirurgia de Hartmann é considerado um procedimento cirúrgico de grande porte com altas morbidade e mortalidade. O tempo ideal de intervalo entre a cirurgia de Hartmann e a reversão é controverso. Nosso estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia da reversão da cirurgia de Hartmann e determinar o momento ideal para a cirurgia. Métodos Todos os pacientes submetidos à reversão laparoscópica da cirurgia de Hartmann entre 2008 e 2019 (11 anos) no Centro Médico Universitário (UMC, na sigla em inglês) na cidade de Ho Chi Minh foram recrutados e divididos em 2 grupos de acordo como tempo de intervalo (≤ 4 or > 4 meses). Os resultados pós-operatórios de curto prazo destes grupos foram comparados. Resultados Um total de 66 pacientes foram submetidos à reversão laparoscópica da cirurgia de Hartmann (mediana de idade: 63.2 anos); ~ 77 deles tinha câncer colorretal, e 17% tinham doença diverticular complicada. As taxas de mortalidade, de vazamento, e de complicações em geral foram de 0%, 1,5%, e 13,2%, respectivamente. Cirurgia precoce foi realizada em 36 pacientes, e reversão tardia foi realizada em 28 pacientes. Não houve diferença em mortalidade, vazamento anastomótico, complicações operatórias e duração da internação entre os dois grupos. Conclusão A reversão laparoscópica da cirurgia de Hartmann foi eficaz, com morbidade e mortalidade aceitáveis no UMC. Não foi observado qualquer impacto no tempo de intervalo entre a cirurgia de Hartmann e a reversão laparoscópica nos resultados pós-operatórios de curto prazo.

Perianastomotic cyst following rectosigmoidectomy due to adenocarcinoma of the proximal rectum: a case report / Cisto perianastomótico pós-retossigmoidectomia por adenocarcinoma dereto alto: relato de caso

ABSTRACT The implantation cyst occurs from the imprisonment and subsequent proliferation of the colonic mucosa below the submucosa during mechanical stapling. The understanding and definition of the evaluation protocol of these lesions is important, since they can generate the need for a new complex surgical procedure and cause anxiety in patients and surgeons. This case reports the occurrence of a subepithelial lesion in follow-up imaging of a patient who underwent videolaparoscopic rectosigmoidectomy for adenocarcinoma of the proximal rectum, submitted to an endoscopic attempt to drain/detangle the lesion and subsequent histopathological analysis showing colic mucosa without changes. In line with Katsumata,it is suggested to asymptomatic patients without alteration of the CEA or suspicious imaging signs a follow up with periodic imaging methods. For symptomatic patients with normal CEA, or whose lesions are growing at follow-up exams, it is suggested to continue with the investigation, with biopsy and/or effluent sample for histopathological study in addition to an attempt at symptomatic resolution. Finally, in the presence of an alteration in CEA, despite symptoms, it is suggested that the lesion be managed as a suspected local tumor recurrence.

RESUMO O cisto de implantação ocorre a partir do aprisionamento e subsequente proliferação da mucosa colônica abaixo da submucosa durante o grampeamento mecânico. A compreensão e definição do protocolo de avaliação dessas lesões é importante, pois podem gerar a necessidade de um novo procedimento cirúrgico complexo e causar ansiedade em pacientes e cirurgiões. Este caso relata a ocorrência de uma lesão sub-epitelial na imagem de seguimento de um paciente submetido à retossigmoidectomia por via videolaparoscópica devido a adenocarcinoma do reto proximal, submetido a uma tentativa endoscópica de drenar/remover a lesão e subsequente análise histopatológica mostrando a mucosa cólica sem alterações. De acordo com Katsumata, sugere-se que pacientes assintomáticos sem alteração do CEA ou sinais de imagem suspeitos tenham um seguimento com métodos de imagem periódicos. Para pacientes sintomáticos com CEA normal, ou cujas lesões mostrem crescimento nos exames de seguimento, sugere-se continuar a investigação, com biópsia e / ou amostra de efluente para estudo histopatológico, além de uma tentativa de resolução sintomática. Finalmente, na presença de uma alteração no CEA, apesar dos sintomas, sugere-se que a lesão seja tratada como uma suspeita de recorrência local do tumor.

Manejo laparoscópico de la dehiscencia anastomótica en cirugía colorrectal / Laparoscopic management of anastomotic dehiscence in colorectal surgery

Introducción: En los últimos años ha habido una gran difusión de la cirugía laparoscópica para el manejo de la patología colorrectal. La dehiscencia anastomótica es una de las complicaciones más graves, con una elevada morbi-mortalidad. La reoperación por vía laparoscópica podría ser una opción válida para tratar esta complicación, manteniendo ciertos beneficios del abordaje miniinvasivo. Objetivos: Evaluar la factibilidad y seguridad del abordaje laparoscópico en el manejo de la dehiscencia anastomótica en cirugía colorrectal y en forma secundaria comparar los resultados con la reoperación por vía convencional. Materiales y Método: Se analizó una serie retrospectiva, completada en forma prospectiva, se incluyeron 1693 pacientes (junio 2000 - septiembre 2018). Los pacientes que fueron reoperados por dehiscencia anastomótica se dividieron en dos grupos según el abordaje de la reoperación: laparoscópico (Grupo 1, G1) y laparotómico (Grupo 2, G2). Se compararon ambos grupos teniendo en cuenta factores demográficos, estadía hospitalaria, complicaciones, morbilidad y mortalidad. Las complicaciones se estratificaron según la clasificación de Dindo y Clavien, y se tuvieron en cuenta las más graves (categorías 3, 4 y 5). Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el T student y chi cuadrado. Resultados: Ciento seis (6,26%) pacientes fueron reoperados por dehiscencia anastomótica. Ochenta y cinco (80%) fueron incluidos en el grupo 1 y 21 (20%) en el grupo 2. La única diferencia demográfica entre ambos grupos fue una mayor cantidad de pacientes obesos en el grupo laparoscópico (G1: 17 (20%) vs. G2: 0, p: 0,02). Hubo una tendencia hacia un intervalo menor entre la cirugía inicial y la reexploración, pero sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas (5,18 días vs. 6,23 días, p: 0,22). En 84 (79%) la conducta quirúrgica fue lavado y confección de ostomía proximal de protección (G1: 74 vs. G2: 10, p: 0,001). El desmonte de la anastomosis y la confección de ostomía terminal debió realizarse en 8 pacientes (G1: 4 vs G2: 4, p: 0,02). Nueve pacientes en G1 y 3 pacientes en G2 requirieron más de una cirugía (p: 0,63). Las complicaciones fueron similares entre ambos grupos, sólo se incluyeron los grados 3, 4 y 5 (G1: 21,2% vs G2: 28,6% p: 0,34). El promedio de estadía hospitalaria disminuyó con el abordaje laparoscópico (10,71 días vs. 11,57 días, p: 0,66), a pesar de que no hubo diferencia estadística entre ambos grupos. Conclusiones: La reintervención laparoscópica es un tratamiento válido y seguro para el manejo de la dehiscencia anastomótica en cirugía laparoscópica colorrectal. (AU)

Introduction: In recent years there has been a great diffusion of laparoscopic surgery for the management of colorectal pathology. Anastomotic dehiscence is one of the most serious complications, with high morbidity and mortality. Laparoscopic reoperation could be a valid option to treat this complication, maintaining certain benefits of the minimally invasive approach. Objectives: To evaluate the viability and safety of the laparoscopic approach in the management of anastomotic dehiscence in colorectal surgery and as a secondary end point to compare the results with those of reoperation by conventional approach. Material and Methods: A series of 1693 patients that underwent laparoscopic colorectal surgery was analyzed, from a prospective database (June 2000 - September 2018). Patients were divided into two groups according to the approach performed in the reoperative surgery: laparoscopy (G 1) or laparotomy (G 2). Demographic data, hospital stay, type of complication, morbidity and mortality were analyzed. Dindo-Clavien classification was used to stratify postoperative complications and only categories 3, 4 and 5 were included. Data were statistically analyzed with Student ́s t test and chi-square test.Results: A hundred six patients (6.26%) were reoperated because of AL, 85 (80%) by laparoscopy and 21 (20%) by conventional surgery. The only demographic difference between both groups was that more obese patients were included in G1 (G1: 17, 20% vs. G2: 0, p=0.02). Interval of time between surgeries was lower in G1 without statistical difference (5.18 vs. 6.23 days, p=0.22). In 84 patients (79%) abdominal lavage and loop ostomy was performed (G1: 74 vs. G2: 10, p=0.001). Anastomosis takedown was required in 8 patients (G1: 4 vs. G2: 4, p=0.02). 9 patients in G1 and 3 in G2 needed more than one reexploration (p= 0.63). Postoperative complications were similar in both groups, grades 3, 4 and 5 were included (G1: 21, 2% vs. G2: 28.6%, p= 0.34). In average hospital stay was decreased in G1 (10.7 vs. 11.6 days, p=0.66), without statistical difference. Conclusion: Laparoscopic reintervention can be a safe treatment for anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic colorectal surgery. (AU)

Impacto de la subespecialización en los resultados de la sigmoidectomía laparoscópica por diverticulitis perforada Hinchey III / Outcomes of emergent laparoscopic sigmoid resection for Hinchey III diverticulitis: Does specialization matter?

Introducción: La sigmoidectomía por diverticulitis perforada es una cirugía de urgencia comúnmente realizada por cirujanos generales. Está descripta la correlación positiva entre el volumen del cirujano y los mejores resultados postoperatorios. Sin embargo, existe escasa evidencia de la influencia de la especialización en cirugía colorrectal sobre los resultados de la sigmoidectomía laparoscópica por diverticulitis perforada. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de la especialización en cirugía colorrectal en los resultados postoperatorios de la sigmoidectomía laparoscópica por diverticulitis Hinchey III. Diseño: Estudio retrospectivo sobre una base de datos cargada de forma prospectiva. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron pacientes sometidos a sigmoidectomía laparoscópica por diverticulitis perforada Hinchey III. La muestra fue dividida en dos grupos: pacientes operados por un cirujano colorrectal (CC) y aquellos operados por un cirujano general (CG). Las variables demográficas, operatorias y postoperatorias fueron comparadas entre los grupos. El objetivo primario fue determinar si existían diferencias en la proporción de anastomosis primaria, morbilidad y mortalidad a 30 días entre los grupos. Resultados: Se incluyeron 101 pacientes en el análisis; 58 operados por CC y 43 por CG. Los pacientes operados por CC presentaron una mayor proporción de anastomosis primaria (CC: 98,3% vs. CG: 67,4%, p<0,001). Los CG realizaron más estomas (CC: 13,8% vs. CG: 46,5%, p<0,001), presentaron un mayor índice de conversión (CC: 20,6% vs. CG: 39,5%, p=0,03) y una mayor estadía hospitalaria (CC: 6,2 vs. CG: 10,8 días, p<0,001). La morbilidad global (CC: 34,4% vs. CG: 46,5%, p=0.22), dehiscencia anastomótica (CC: 3,5% vs. CG: 6,8%, p=0.48) y la mortalidad (CC: 1,7% vs. CG: 9,3 %, p=0,08) fueron similares entre ambos grupos. Conclusión: La sigmoidectomía laparoscópica de urgencia realizada por CG presenta similar morbilidad y mortalidad postoperatoria que la realizada por CC. Sin embargo, la participación del especialista se asoció a una mayor frecuencia de anastomosis primarias, menos estomas y una estadía hospitalaria más corta.

Background: Sigmoid resection for perforated diverticulitis is one of the most common emergency surgeries and often performed by general surgeons. Relationship between high-volume surgeons and improved postoperative outcomes is well established. However, the influence of colorectal specialization on outcomes after emergency laparoscopic sigmoidectomy for perforated diverticulitis is not well described. Aim: Evaluate the impact of colorectal surgery training on the outcomes after emergency laparoscopic sigmoid resection for Hinchey III diverticulitis. Design: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected database.Method: Patients undergoing emergent laparoscopic sigmoid resection for perforated (Hinchey III) diverticulitis were identified and stratified by involvement of colorectal or general surgeon. This study was conducted from 2000 to 2018 at a teaching hospital. Primary outcome measures were primary anastomosis, postoperative morbidity and mortality.Results: A total of 101 patients were identified; 58 by colorectal and 43 by general surgeons. Patients in the colorectal surgeon group had higher rates of primary anastomosis (CS: 98, 2% vs. GS: 67, 4%, p<0.001). General surgeons performed more ostomies (CS: 13, 8% vs. GS: 46, 5%, p<0.001), had a higher conversion rate (CS: 20, 6% vs. GS: 39, 5%, p=0.03) and longer mean length of hospital stay (CS: 6, 2 vs. GS: 10, 8 days, p<0.001). Overall morbidity (CS: 34, 4% vs. GS: 46, 5%, p=0.22), anastomotic leak rate (CC: 3,5% vs. CG: 6,8%, p=0.48) and mortality (CS: 1, 7% vs. GS: 9,3 %, p=0.08) were similar between groups. Conclusion: Emergency laparoscopic sigmoid resection by general surgeons wasn ́t associated with higher rates of postoperative morbidity, anastomotic leakage or mortality. However, patients operated by colorectal surgeons had higher rates of primary anastomosis, lower rates of ostomy, conversion and shorter length of hospital stay.

Resultados de la implantación de un protocolo de corrección de anemia preoperatoria en la recuperación intensificada de cirugía colorrectal electiva / Results of the implantation of a protocol for correction of preoperative anemia in the intensified recovery of elective colorectal surgery

Resumen Introducción Los protocolo ERAS recomiendan la detección y optimización de la anemia preoperatoria. Objetivo Evaluar si la implantación de un protocolo de corrección de anemia preoperatoria en cirugía colorrectal electiva con un protocolo ERAS (grupo ERAS) reduce las transfusiones con respecto a un grupo de pacientes operado de la misma patología previo a su implantación (grupo preERAS). Objetivos secundarios Valorar estancia hospitalaria, complicaciones y reingresos a los 30 días tras el alta. Materiales y Método Comparamos los primeros 121 pacientes consecutivos que participaron en un protocolo ERAS con un protocolo corrección de anemia preoperatoria con los 135 previos a su implantación. Se consideraron resultados significativos p < 0,05. Resultados Se redujo el número de pacientes transfundidos en el grupo ERAS (31 (22,96%) vs 15 (12,4%), p = 0,028) y el número total de concentrados de hematíes transfundidos (3 ± 1,57 vs 1,8 ± 0,56, p < 0,001) con la aplicación del protocolo. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en los pacientes que recibieron hierro oral, pero sí en los que recibieron hierro intravenoso (3 vs 31, p < 0,001). Se redujo la estancia hospitalaria (11 ± 3,8 vs 9,8 ± 3,7, p = 0,018), sin aumentar la tasa de complicaciones ni los reingresos a los 30 días. Conclusión La aplicación de un protocolo de optimización de anemia preoperatoria en pacientes sometidos a cirugía colorrectal electiva siguiendo las guías ERAS redujo el número total de pacientes transfundidos, el número de concentrados de hematíes trasfundidos y la estancia hospitalaria.

Introduction An enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol, recommends detection and optimization in treatment of preoperative anemia. Aim Evaluate if introducing a preoperative anemia correcting protocol in elective colorectal surgery, by means of an ERAS protocol (ERAS Group), reduces the need for transfusions with regards to a group of patients undergoing surgery for the same pathology before the protocol´s implementation (ERAS Group). Secondary objectives Evaluate length of stay, complications and readmission rates 30 days post discharge. Materials and Method We compared the first 121 consecutive patients who participated in an ERAS protocol with a preoperative correcting anemia protocol, with the previous 135 patients operated on before the protocol was introduced. A value of p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results The number of patients who needed a transfusion was reduced in the ERAS group (31 (22.96%) vs 15 (12.4%), p = 0.028) as was the total number of red blood cells transfused (3 ± 1.57 vs 1.8 ± 0.56, p < 0.001) with the use of the protocol. No statistical differences were noted in the patients who received oral iron although there was in those who received intravenous iron. (3 vs 31, p < 0.001). Overall length of stay was reduced (11 ± 3.8 vs 9.8 ± 3.7, p = 0.018), but no increase in complications or readmission rates at 30 days. Conclusions The implementation of an optimization in the treatment of preoperative anemia protocol in patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery following the ERAS guidelines, reduced the total number of patients who needed transfusions, the total concentrate of red blood cells transfused, and the length of stay.

Cirugía ambulatoria electiva en patología proctológica: experiencia prospectiva de 14 años en un hospital público docente / Elective ambulatory surgery in proctological pathology: 14 years of prospective experience in a public teaching hospital

INTRODUCCIÓN: Se presenta nuestra experiencia en cirugía ambulatoria en patología proctológica. MATERIALES Y MÉTODO: La serie corresponde al análisis de 1.399 pacientes tratados entre agosto de 2003 y diciembre de 2017 en forma prospectiva, RESULTADOS: Fueron intervenidos por fístula anorrectal (20%), enfermedad hemorroidaria (19%), enfermedad pilonidal sacro coccígea (EPSC) (15%), fisura anal (13%), biopsia rectal quirúrgica o resección local endoanal (12%), condilomas (10%) y otras (10%). La morbilidad inmediata es de un caso, por un hematoma luego de una cirugía por EPSC que requirió hemostasia y cierre primario. La tasa de hospitalización inmediata fue de 0,3% y corresponde a 5 casos de retención aguda de orina. La hospitalización tardía fue de un 1,6% y corresponde a 22 pacientes, hospitalizados por sangrado tardío (9), dolor intratable (9) y fiebre (4). Todos fueron tratados en forma conservadora con resolución entre los 2 y 5 días. No se registra morbilidad mayor en esta serie. CONCLUSIONES: La cirugía ambulatoria en patología proctológica es factible y segura.

INTRODUCTION: We present our prospective experience in ambulatory anorectal surgery between August 2003 and December 2017. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The series corresponds to the analysis of 1399 patients treated between August 2003 and December 2017 prospectively. RESULTS: The etiology of the surgerys were anal fistula (20%), hemorrhoidal disease (19%), sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease (15%), anal fissure (13%), rectal surgical biopsy or local resection (12%), condylomata (10%) and others (10%). The immediate morbidity was seen one case, a hematoma after an EPSC surgery that required hemostasis and primary closure. The immediate hospitalization rate was 0.3% and corresponds to 5 cases of acute urinary retention. The late hospitalization was 1.6% and corresponds to 22 patients, due to late bleeding (9), severe pain (9) and fever (4). All were treated conservatively with resolution between 2 and 5 days. No major morbidity is recorded in this series. CONCLUSION: We concluded that outpatient surgery in proctologic pathology is feasible and safe.

Adoption rates of laparoscopic techniques for colorectal resections among Brazilian surgeons: limiting factors affecting incorporation into daily practice / Adoção de técnicas laparoscópicas em ressecções colorretais entre cirurgiões brasileiros. Fatores limitantes que afetam a incorporação na prática diária

ABSTRACT Routine adoption of laparoscopy in clinical practice and Medical Residency has not been widely evaluated in Brazil so far. Aim: To take an overview on the adoption and limitations concerning the use of laparoscopic techniques among Brazilian colorectal surgeons. Methods: A questionnaire was sent to 1870 SBCP filiated members, containing personal and professional data such as sex, age, length and local of practice, SBCP filliation, number of procedures, treatment of cancer and laparoscopy limitations. Results: 418 members (22.4%) sent their response (80% men and 20% women). 110 members (26.3%) affirmed they don't perform any laparoscopic procedure, while 308 (73.7%) have already adopted laparoscopy as a routine. An average number of 7.6 laparoscopic colorectal procedures were declared to be performed per month (1 to 40 procedures). Laparoscopic adoption rates were favourably influenced by young age members (46% vs. 28%) and affiliation to University hospitals (p = 0.01). Conversely, surgeons from private clinic showed a greater tendency of no adoption. Among the 308 responders, 106 (34.4%) have already surpassed more than 100 laparoscopic cases, and 167 (54.2%) reported an experience of more than 50 operated patients. The group of surgeons not using minimally invasive techniques incriminated lack of training (73.6%) and laparoscopic instruments availability (27.3%) as the main reasons for no adoption. Conclusions: Adoption rate of laparoscopic techniques to treat colorectal diseases is still low (at least 17%). Future efforts should focus on providing supervised training, proctorship during the initial experience and help instrumental acquisition in centers willing to change their routine and perspectives.

RESUMO Durante as últimas décadas, a incorporação de técnicas minimamente invasivas no tratamento de doenças colorretais testemunhou um progresso lento e firme, principalmente após o reconhecimento da segurança oncológica e melhor evolução. A adoção rotineira na prática clínica e na Residência Médica no Brasil ainda não amplamente avaliada até agora. Objetivos: O presente estudo visou avaliar a adoção e as limitações relativas ao uso de técnicas laparoscópicas entre cirurgiões colorretais brasileiros. Métodos: um questionário foi enviado a 1870 membros filiados à Sociedade Brasileira de Coloproctologia (SBCP) em 2006. As questões foram enviadas por email, incluindo dados pessoais (sexo, idade) e profissionais (tempo e local de prática, filiação à SBCP, número mensal de procedimentos laparoscópicos, tratamento de câncer e limitações para realizar laparoscopia na rotina. Resultados: Entre os 1870 membros, 418 (22.4%) mandaram sua resposta, com uma maior participaçãoo de homens (80%) em comparação às mulheres (20%). A idade média foi de 43 (28-80) anos. A distribuição entre membros titulares e não titulares foi semelhantes (48% vs. 52%). As atividades profissionais foram desenvolvidas em clínica privada (84%), hospitais privados (73%), hospitais públicos (50%) e hospitais universitários (53%). Entre os que responderam (418), 110 (26.3%) não realizavam procedimentos laparoscópicos, enquanto 308 (73.7%) já haviam adotado o acesso laparoscópico rotineiramente na prática clínica. Um número médio de 7.6 procedimentos colorretais laparoscópicos são realizados por mês (1-40). Cerca de 13% dos cirurgiões iniciaram sua experiência laparoscópica diretamente com procedimentos colorretais, enquanto a maioria (87%) começaram por outros procedimentos no trato digestivo. A adoção da laparoscopia foi positivamente influenciada pela idade jovem dos membros (46% vs. 28%) e pela filiação a hospitais universitários (p = 0,01). Inversamente, cirurgiões trabalhando na prática privada demonstraram uma menor tendência em adotar o método. A maioria dos cirurgiões (93%) que adoraram a laparoscopia afirmou incluir pacientes com câncer colorretal em suas indicações operatórias. Entre os que responderam 106 (34,4%) já realizaram mais de 100 procedimentos laparoscópicos, e 167 (54,2%) reportaram experiência maior que 50 casos. Dentre aqueles que não adotaram técnicas minimamente invasivas, a falta de treinamento (73,6%) ou a indisponibilidade de instrumental laparoscópico (27,3%) foram incriminadas como os principais fatores limitantes. Conclusões: o índice de adoção de técnicas laparoscópicas no tratamento de doenças intestinais ainda é baixo (pelo menos 17%) entre cirurgiões colorretais brasileiros. Esforços futuros de nossa Sociedade Médica devem focar na provisão de treinamento supervisionado, na criação de oportunidades para preceptoria durante a experiência inicial e na obtenção de instrumental em centros que queiram mudar sua rotina e perspectivas.

Factors related to the reduction of the risk of complications in colorectal surgery within perioperative care recommended by the acerto protocol / Fatores associados à redução do risco de complicações na cirurgia colorretal com cuidados peri-operatórios recomendados pelo projeto acerto

ABSTRACT Background: Perioperative care multimodal protocol significantly improve outcome in surgery. Aim: To investigate risk factors to various endpoints in patients submitted to elective colorectal operations under the ACERTO protocol. Methods: Cohort study analyzing through a logistic regression model able to assess independent risk factors for morbidity and mortality, patients submitted to elective open colon and/or rectum resection and primary anastomosis who were either exposed or non-exposed to demographic, clinical, and ACERTO interventions. Results: Two hundred thirty four patients were analyzed and submitted to 156 (66.7%) rectal and 78 (33.3%) colonic procedures. The length of hospital postoperative stay (LOS) ≥ 7 days was related to rectal surgery and high NNIS risk index; preoperative fasting ≤4 h (OR=0.250; CI95=0.114-0.551) and intravenous volume of crystalloid infused > 30ml/kg/day (OR=0.290; CI95=0.119-0.706). The risk of postoperative site infection (SSI) was approximately four times greater in malnourished; eight in rectal surgery and four in high NNIS index. The duration of preoperative fasting ≤4 h was a protective factor by reducing by 81.3% the risk of surgical site infection (SSI). An increased risk for anastomotic fistula was found in malnutrition, rectal surgery and high NNIS index. Conversely, preoperative fasting ≤4 h (OR=0.11; CI95=0.05-0.25; p<0.0001) decreased the risk of fistula. Factors associated with pneumonia-atelectasis were cancer and rectal surgery, while preoperative fasting ≤ 4 h (OR=0.10; CI95=0.04-0.24; p<0.0001) and intravenous crystalloid ≤ 30 ml/kg/day (OR=0.36; CI95=0.13-0.97, p=0.044) shown to decrease the risk. Mortality was lower with preoperative fasting ≤4 h and intravenous crystalloids infused ≤30 ml/kg/day. Conclusion: This study allows to conclude that rectal procedures, high NNIS index, preoperative fasting higher than 4 h and intravenous fluids greater than 30 ml/kg/day during the first 48 h after surgery are independent risk factors for: 1) prolonged LOS; 2) surgical site infection and anastomotic fistula associated with malnutrition; 3) postoperative pneumonia-atelectasis; and 4) postoperative mortality.

RESUMO Racional: Protocolos multimodais de cuidados perioperatórios melhoram significativamente resultados na cirurgia. Objetivo: Investigar fatores de risco para vários desfechos clínicos em pacientes submetidos às operações colorretais eletivas com o emprego do protocolo ACERTO. Métodos: Coorte analisando indivíduos expostos ou não expostos às variáveis de risco demográficas, clínicas e intervenções ACERTO, através de um modelo de regressão logística, determinando fatores independentes de risco para morbidade e mortalidade. Resultados: Duzentos e trinta e quatro pacientes foram submetidos a 156 (66,7%) operações retais e 78 (33,3%) colônicas. Mantiveram relação com tempo de internação ≥7 dias operação retal e escore NNIS alto; jejum pré-operatório > 4h e volume de cristalóides >30 ml/kg/dia. O risco de infecção de sítio cirúrgico foi aproximadamente quatro vezes maior em desnutridos; oito em operações retais; e quatro com NNIS alto. Tempo de jejum pré-operatório ≤4 h reduziu em 81,3% o risco de infecção de sitio cirúrgico. Risco aumentado para fístula ocorreu em desnutridos, operação retal e escore NNIS elevado. Tempo de jejum pré-operatório ≤4 h constituiu fator de proteção para ocorrência de fístulas. Os fatores associados à pneumonia/atelectasia foram câncer e operação retal, enquanto que tempo de jejum pré-operatório ≤4 h e volume de cristalóides intravenoso ≤30 ml/kg/dia foram fatores de proteção. Mortalidade foi menor com jejum ≤4 h e fluidos endovenosos ≤30 ml/kg/dia. Conclusão: Este estudo permite concluir que operações retais, presença de fator de risco NNIS, tempo de jejum pré-operatório superior a 4 h e fluidoterapia com cristaloides endovenosos superior a 30 ml/kg/dia nas primeiras 48 h de pós-operatório constituem-se em fatores de risco independentes e aplicáveis para: 1) tempo de internação pós-operatória prolongada; 2) para infecção do sítio cirúrgico e fístula anastomótica associadas à desnutrição; 3) para pneumonia/atelectasia no pós-operatório; e 4) para mortalidade pós-operatória.

Resecciones colorrectales laparoscópicas en una comunidad rural / Laparoscopic colorectal resections in a rural community

Antecedentes: La cirugía laparoscópica colorrectal continúa en camino de convertirse en el abordaje de elección para el tratamiento de la patología colorrectal benigna y maligna. Sin embargo, su aplicabilidad aún es baja y está mayormente limitada a grandes centros urbanos. Objetivo: analizar la factibilidad de un programa de cirugía laparoscópica colorrectal en un centro de comunidad rural. Como objetivo secundario, comparar los resultados con la cirugía abierta convencional Material y métodos: se analizó una base de datos prospectiva de todos los pacientes operados de forma electiva y consecutiva entre junio de 2012 y diciembre de 2016. Se empleó un criterio de alta estandarizado. Los pacientes fueron divididos en dos grupos según la cirugía fuese laparoscópica (grupo A) o convencional (grupo B). El análisis de variables se realizó con los métodos de Chi cuadrado y T-test según corresponda. Resultados: se realizaron 129 resecciones colorrectales con una proporción de varones del 60% y una mediana de edad de 64 años. El 83% pertenecía a comunidades vecinas. Hubo un 35% de pacientes ASA I, 56% ASA II y 9% ASA III. La distancia promedio del lugar de residencia fue 75 km con una superficie de distribución de 24 000 km2. La mediana de internación fue de 4 días. La aplicabilidad de la laparoscopia fue del 74% con una tasa de conversión del 6%. Ambos grupos fueron similares en términos de sexo, IMC, diagnóstico, ASA, proporción de ASA III-IV, antecedentes clínicos y quirúrgicos, así como también distancia de su lugar de residencia. El grupo A presentó una media de edad menor que el grupo B (61 años vs. 69 años; p < 0,01). No se observaron diferencias en términos de tipo de cirugía y tiempo operatorio. La morbilidad posoperatoria fue 18% y la tasa de readmisión fue del 4%, sin diferencias entre grupos. Conclusiones: la cirugía laparoscópica colorrectal puede ser realizada en un centro rural con bajo índice de readmisión y complicaciones y resultados comparables a los de la cirugía abierta convencional.

Of benign tumors and colorectal cancer. However, its use is low and limited to large urban centers. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the feasibility of a laparoscopic colorectal surgery program in a rural community center. The secondary outcome was to compare these results with those of conventional open surgery. Material and methods: We analyzed a prospective data base of all the patients undergoing scheduled and consecutive surgery between June 2012 and December 2016. A standardized discharge criterion was used. The patients were divided into two groups: laparoscopic surgery (group A) and conventional surgery (group B). The variables were analyzed with the chi-square test or Student's t test, as applicable. Results: A total of 129 colorectal resections were performed; median age was 64 years, 60% were men and 83% belonged to neighbor communities. The ASA physical status classification system was grade 1 in 35% of the patients, grade 2 in 56% and grade 3 in 9%. The average distance between patients' place of residence was of 75 km comprising an area of 24,000 km2. Patients were hospitalized for a median of 4 days. The applicability of laparoscopy was 74% with a conversion rate of 6%. There were no significant differences in sex, BMI, diagnosis, ASA grade, proportion of ASA grade 3-4 patients, clinical history, previous surgeries and distance from the place of residency. Compared to group B, patients in group A were younger (61.6 years vs. 69 years; p < 0.01). There were no differences in terms of type of surgery and surgery duration. Postoperative morbidity was 18% and the readmission rate was 4%, with no differences between the groups. Conclusions: Laparoscopic colorectal surgery can be performed in a rural center with low readmission rate and complications; these results are similar to those of conventional open surgery.