Ethyl acetate extract of Clausena execavata promotes growth inhibition of Burkitt's lymphoma cell line via apoptotic activities / El extracto de acetato de etilo de Clausena excavata promueve la inhibición del crecimiento de la línea celular del linfoma de Burkitt a través de actividades apoptóticas

Clausena excavata is a famous folklore medicinal plant in Asian region that is being used for the treatment of different disorders. This study investigated the cytotoxic effects of leaf extracts via MTT assay, as well as the in vitro apoptotic activities of the ethyl acetate C. excavata leaf extract (EACE) on human Burkitt's lymphoma, Raji, cell line using annexin-V-FITC/propidium iodide flow cytometric assays. Pro-apoptotic (BAX) and anti-apoptotic (BCL-2, c-MYC) gene expressions were determined via real-time quantitative PCR. Phytochemical screening was done by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). EACE has the lowest IC50 (19.3 ± 0.35 µg/mL) among extracts. EACE-treated Raji cells after 48 h underwent apoptosis as evident by loss of cell viability and increase in the percentage of early and late apoptotic cells. The results also showed EACE mediated decreased in the BCL-2 and c-MYC gene expressions and increased in the BAX gene. C. excavata is a potential treatment for Burkitt lymphoma through activation of apoptosis.

Clausena excavata es una planta medicinal tradicional famosa en la región asiática que se utiliza para el tratamiento de diferentes trastornos. Este estudio investigó los efectos citotóxicos de los extractos de hojas a través del ensayo MTT, así como las actividades apoptóticas in vitro del extracto de hoja de acetato de etilo de C. excavata (EACE) en la línea celular de linfoma de Burkitt humano, Raji, usando citometría de flujo de yoduro de anexina-V-FITC/propidio. Las expresiones génicas proapoptóticas (BAX) y antiapoptóticas (BCL-2, c-MYC) se determinaron mediante PCR cuantitativa en tiempo real. El cribado fitoquímico se realizó mediante cromatografía de gases-espectrometría de masas (GC-MS). EACE tiene el IC50más bajo (19,3 ± 0,35 µg/mL) entre los extractos. Las células Raji tratadas con EACE después de 48 h sufrieron apoptosis como es evidente por la pérdida de viabilidad celular y el aumento en el porcentaje de células apoptóticas tempranas y tardías. Los resultados también mostraron una disminución mediada por EACE en las expresiones de los genes BCL-2 y c-MYC y un aumento en el gen BAX. C. excavata es un tratamiento potencial para el linfoma de Burkitt a través de la activación de la apoptosis.

Evaluation of toxicity of plant extracts against vector of lymphatic filariasis, Culex quinquefasciatus.

Background & objectives: Conventional insecticides are generally used as larvicides to control Culex quinquefasciatus, vector of lymphatic filariasis. This study was undertaken to evaluate the larvicidal activity of some potential larvicidal plants leaf extracts against Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae. Methods: The toxic effects of petroleum ether leaf extracts of plants viz., Argemone mexicana (Mexican prickly poppy), Clausena dentata (Dentate), Cipadessa baccifera (Rana bili), Dodonaea angustifolia (Hop bush) and Melia dubia (Pride of India) were evaluated under laboratory conditions in individual and in combination against 3rd - 4th instar larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus. Results: The results indicated that among the selected plants, A. mexicana showed maximum larvicidal activity with an LC50 value of 48.89 ppm. Its toxicity was enhanced when the extract was mixed (1:1) with that of C. dentata as the LC50 value became 28.60 ppm indicating synergistic action of A. mexicana. Interpretation & conclusions: Our results showed high larvicidal potential in A. mexicana leaf extract, and it also showed additive effect when mixed with C. dentata extract.

Clausenolide-1-methyl ether from Clausena heptaphylla W&A / Clausenolido-1-metil éter de Clausena heptaphylla W & A

From the stem bark of Clausena heptaphylla, the limonoid clausenolide-1-methyl ether (1) was isolated. The structure of the compound was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic studies, including 2D NMR and MS measurements and by comparison with spectroscopic and physical data from the literature. This is the first report of occurrence of clausenolide-1-methyl ether (1) in Clausena heptaphylla.

El limonoíde clausenolido-1-metil eter (1) fue aislado de corteza de Clausena heptaphylla. La estructura del compuesto fue determinada por metodos espectroscópicos, incluyendo 2D RMN, espectrometría de masas (EM) y comparación de los datos espectroscópicos y constantes físicas con los publicados en la literatura. Este es el primer informe del aislamiento de clausenolido-1-metil eter (1) de Clausena heptaphylla.