Absceso mastoideo como presentación de colesteatoma congénito en preescolar ¿cuál es el origen? / Mastoid abscess as congenital cholesteatoma presentation in a child what is the origin?

Resumen El colesteatoma congénito es una entidad que puede manifestarse con una amplia variedad de síntomas o ser silente durante largo tiempo y constituir un hallazgo incidental. Una vez diagnosticada es importante valorar su extensión y el compromiso de estructuras adyacentes, para lograr una adecuada planificación quirúrgica, eliminando la enfermedad y manteniendo la mejor funcionalidad posible. Se presenta un caso de colesteatoma congénito infantil.

Abstract Congenital cholesteatoma is an entity that can manifest with a wide variety of symptoms or be silent for a long time and constitute an incidental finding. Once diagnosed, it is important to assess the extension to apply the most efficient treatment, eliminating the disease and providing functionality if possible. A case of congenital cholesteatoma in a child is presented.

Abordaje pterional transilviano con apoyo neuroendoscópico en colesteatoma cerebral, a propósito de un caso interesante / Transsilvian pterional approach with neuroendoscopic support in cholesteatoma of the brain. A propos of an interesting case

RESUMEN Los quistes epidermoides constituyen el 1 % de los tumores intracraneales y el 7 % de los del ángulo pontocerebeloso. Los colesteatomas son lesiones benignas que se originan de restos de tejidos epitelial ectodérmicos que quedan en el sistema nervioso central, al cerrarse el tubo neural entre la tercera y quinta semana de gestación. Se trata de un paciente remitido de la Consulta de Neurooftalmología con crisis de cefalea y toma de los pares craneales III, IV, V, rama oftálmica desde hace 2 semanas. Se le realizaron estudios imagenológicos donde se constató un tumor hipodenso en región silviana frontotemporal izquierdo. Se interpretó como un quiste arcnoideo. Se le aplicó un bordaje pterional transilviano con apoyo neuroendoscópico y para sorpresa del equipo quirúrgico se abordó un tumor perlado solido identificado macroscópicamente como un colesteatoma silviano. Se resecó la totalidad del tumor cerebral.

ABSTRACT Epidermal inclusion cysts constitute 1% of the intracranial tumors and 7% of the cerebellopontine angle ones.Cholesteatoma are benign lesions originated from the remains of ectodermic epithelial tissues remaining in the central nervous system when the neural tube closes between the third and fifth week of pregnancy. The case deals with a patient remitted from the Neurophthalmologic Consultation with migraine crisis and lesion on the III, IV, V cranial nerves, ophthalmologic branch, for two weeks. Image studies were carried out, showing a hypo dense tumor in the left silvian frontotemporal region. It was taken as an arachnoid cyst. A pterional trans-silvian approach with neuroendoscopic support was applied, and the surgical team was surprised when they found a solid pearly tumor that was macroscopically identified as a silvian cholesteatoma. The cerebral tumor was totally resected.

Comportamiento quirúrgico y complicaciones preoperatorias del colesteatoma gigante / Surgical behavior and preoperative complications of the giant cholesteatoma

INTRODUCCIÓN: aunque ha disminuido la incidencia de complicaciones en las infecciones crónicas del hueso temporal, estas continúan siendo un peligro potencial de morbilidad y mortalidad. OBJETIVO: caracterizar a los pacientes pediátricos tratados quirúrgicamente por colesteatomas adquiridos gigantes complicados. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, en 11 pacientes pediátricos con grandes colesteatomas y complicaciones preoperatorias, atendidos y tratados quirúrgicamente en el servicio de Otorrinolaringología del Hospital Pediátrico Universitario "William Soler", desde enero de 2001 hasta 2013 (13 años). Tuvieron un seguimiento posoperatorio mínimo, de 6 años. Se realizó otoscopia, otomicroscopia, rayos X de mastoides, tomografía computarizada de oído, así como estudios audiométricos preoperatorios y posoperatorios. La técnica quirúrgica utilizada fue técnica abierta combinada con timpanoplastia y osiculoplastia en una sola etapa. Se analizaron las afectaciones funcionales auditivas posquirúrgicas y las recidivas. RESULTADOS: las localizaciones de las perforaciones marginales más frecuentes fueron: pars fláccida anteroposterior (n= 5, 45,46 %), seguida por mesotimpánica posterosuperior (n= 4, 36,46 %). Prevalecieron las complicaciones preoperatorias extracraneales (81,82 %). Se observó anacusia preoperatoria (n= 2, laberintitis). No hubo complicaciones transquirúrgicas. El hallazgo quirúrgico más relevante, fue facial timpánico dehiscente (n= 7, 63,64 %), que coincidió con la tomografía preoperatoria. Se realizó timpanoplastia y osiculoplastia en 7 pacientes, tipo III (n= 5; 71,42 %), con pérdida auditiva promedio preoperatoria 53 dB y posoperatoria 38 dB.Fueron reintervenidos 4 pacientes. CONCLUSIONES: la técnica utilizada reporta resultados quirúrgicos y funcionales posquirúrgicos satisfactorios.

INTRODUCTION: although the incidence of complications in the chronic temporal bone infections has decreased, they remain a potential threat in terms of morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE: to characterize the pediatric patients who are operated on for complicated acquired giant cholesteotomas. METHODS: prospective and descriptive study of 11 pediatric patients with giant cholesteatomas and preoperative complications; they had been attended to and operated on at the otorrhinolaryngology service of "William Soler" pediatric hospital in the period of January 2001 through January 2013. The postoperative follow-up lasted 6 year. These patients were performed otoscopy, otomicroscopy, mastoid X rays, CT for hearing, as well as audiometric studies preoperatively and postoperatively. The surgical technique was the open one combined with timpanoplasty and ossiculoplasty in one-stage. Postsurgical functional hearing problems and relapses were all analyzed. RESULTS: the most frequent locations of marginal perforations were anteroposterior flaccid pars (n= 5, 45.46 %) followed by posterosuperior mesotympanic (n= 4, 36.46 %). Preoperative extracranial complications prevailed (81.82 %). There was preoperative anacusia (n= 2, laberintitis). There were no perioperative complications. The most relevant surgical finding was facial tympanic dehiscence (n= 7, 63.64 %) that matched the results of the preoperative tomography. Tympanoplasty and ossiculoplasty were performed in seven patients, type III (n= 7, 71.42 %), with average preoperative hearing loss of 53dB and postoperative one of 38 dB. Four patients were reoperated. CONCLUSIONS: the used technique shows satisfactory surgical and postsurgical functional results.

Colesteatoma congénito del conducto auditivo externo. Caso clínico / Congenital cholesteatoma of the external auditory meatus. Case report / Colesteatoma congênito do canal auditivo externo. Caso

Se expone el caso poco frecuente de colesteatoma congénito del conducto auditivo externo en un lactante de 6 meses de edad que se presentó inicialmente como absceso.

We review the unusual presentation of a congenital cholesteatoma of the external auditory meatus in a 6 months old infant, initially presented as an abscess.

O caso raro de colesteatoma congênito do canal auditivo externo em crianças de 6 meses de idade, que apresentou inicialmente como abscesso está exposto.

Avoiding mastoid cavity problems: mastoid obliteration using bioactive glass

The aim of this study was to evaluate bioactive glass as an ideal material for the purpose of mastoid cavity elimination after mastoid surgery to avoid mastoid cavity problems. In 20 patients diagnosed as cholesteatoma or chronic unsafe ear, we used different surgical techniques according to pathology and situation during surgical exploration, basically adhering to standard principles of eradicating disease in chronic unsafe ear. After performing the canal wall down [CWD] or the canal wall up [CWU] technique, mastoidectomy was followed by obliteration of mastoid cavity by particulate form Bioglass. Cases were divided according to operative procedures, type of reconstruction and material used into 3 groups A- Canal wall up mastoidectomy followed by obliteration of mastoid cavity by particulate form Bioglass. B- Canal wall down mastoidectomy followed by reconstruction of posterior meatal wall and obliteration of mastoid cavity by particulate form Bioglass. C- Canal wall down mastoidectomy followed by reconstruction of posterior meatal wall by conchal cartilage and obliteration of mastoid cavity by Bioglass. Bioactiveglass paste is very effective for mastoid obliteration in the three groups with good integration to the surrounding tissues either connective tissue, bone, meninges or lateral dural sinus without any adverse reaction on the dura even with contact to Bioglass. Infection was seen in 2 cases [10%], however was readily controlled by topical application of antibiotics daily for one week. In both cases no extrusion of the material occurred. The successful formation of bone with elimination of mastoid cavity problems proved that using Bioglass is appropriate for performing clinical mastoid obliteration

Surgical findings in revision radical mastoidectomy

To assess the intra-operative findings and the long-term results of 91 revision surgeries performed for failure after cholesteatoma surgery. Retrospective study. King Abdul-Aziz University hospital, [KAUH]. The medical records of ninety-one patients who had undergone mastoidectomy revision operations over 10 years period were reviewed, and the data were extracted and analyzed. The indications for revision were recurrent cholesteatoma and persistent otorrhea. Ninety-one patients were included in the study; twenty-nine were females and sixty-two were males, ages ranged from 6 to 63 years. Revision mastoidectomies were performed in canal wall down [CWD] mastoidectomies. Sixty-six [72.5%] had recurrent or residual cholesteatoma, 61 [67%] had narrow external canal and 44 [48.35%] had high facial ridge. Infected not exenterated mastoid air cells were found in 49 patients [53.8%], involving closed supratubal recess in 26 [53%], persistent sinodural angle air cells and persistent mastoid apex air cells in 13 [26.5%] and persistent tegmental air cells in 10 [20.4%]. After an average of 10 years follow up of revision mastoidectomy, 79 [87%] cases had dry and healed cavities. Incomplete removal of infected mastoid air cells and incomplete aeration of the mastoid cavities are the most important factors in failure of the primary surgery. Successful CWD mastoidectomy requires removal of all diseased air cells

Evaluation of mastoid cavities after canal wall down mastoidectomy

To evaluate mastoid cavities after canal wall down procedures in terms of achieving a dry mastoid cavity, presence of residual or recurrent disease [Granulations and cholesteatoma]. Quasi-experimental study. The study was done in the ENT Department, CMH Rawalpindi Study was done in fourteen months from Nov 2006 to Jan 2008. Fifty patients undergoing canal wall down mastoidectomy were included. Their mastoid cavities were evaluated for persistence of discharge and recurrence of granulations and cholesteatoma after the surgery. After follow up period of 3 months, 8% patients had mild discharge, 12% had granulation and 2% patients had recurrence of cholesteatoma. Canal wall down mastoidectomies are very effective in controlling the recurrence of cholesteatoma, granulations formation and otorrhoea to a greater extent

Surgical emphysema and pneumomediastinum following mastoidectomy.

Surgical emphysema and pneumomediastinum are rare complications of mastoidectomy probably resulting from the use of a compressed air-powered mastoid drill. Early diagnosis and appropriate management according to the severity is vital.

Colesteatoma de seno esfenoidal / Cholesteatoma sphenoid sinus

Un coiesteatoma de cavidades paranasales es un hallazgo muy raro. Se ha reportado sólo un caso de un coiesteatoma primario de seno esfenoidal. Otros casos de coiesteatoma que involucren a este seno son debidos a diseminación directa a de un coiesteatoma de hueso temporal. Presentamos el caso de un coiesteatoma primario de seno esfenoidal, en una mujer de 22 años, que consultó por cefalea periódica. La lesión fue removida a través de un abordaje endoscópico transnasal. El diagnóstico fue confirmado por histopatología. No ha presentado recurrencia después de 4 años.

Ear teratoma; a case report

Teratomas are tumors originated from mature or immature tissues. Teratomas are made up of one embryonic layer or all three embryonic layers [endoderm, mesoderm, or ectoderm]. Herein we report a 41-year-old man who presented with vertigo, vomiting, and tinnitus. After physical examination, laboratory evaluation and performing computed tomography, cholesteatoma was diagnosed, however, during radical mastoidectomy a cystic tumor was found. The result of pathology proved middle ear and mastoid teratoma

Colesteatoma de conduto auditivo externo: relato de caso / Cholesteatoma of external auditory canal: a case report

Os autores apresentam um caso de colesteatoma de conduto auditivo externo (CCAE) com extensa invasão da mastóide, mas estando preservadas a membrana timpânica e a cadeia ossicular. Como único sintoma apresentava otorréia crônica. O diagnóstico da lesão foi clínico, sendo o seu estadiamento e planejamento cirúrgico realizados através da tomografia computadorizada. Como tratamento procedeu-se a mastoidectomia radical modificada associada à meatoplastia. O CCAE, por seu caráter insidioso e correlacão topográfica com estruturas nobres, deve ser sempre lembrado no diagnóstico diferencial das lesões do conduto auditivo externo. O relato deste caso tem o objetivo de revisar alguns aspectos clínicos e cirúrgicos no tratamento do CCAE e expor nossa conduta em um caso bastante evoluído da doenca.

Canal wall down mastoidectomy and causes of failure review of 25 patients

To study the causes of failure [canal wall down] mastoidectomy procedure. A prospective case series study. ENT department, Al-Jamhory Teaching Hospital during the period of May 1996 to May 2000. Twenty five patients underwent canal wall down operation over a period of four years. They were reviewed for the final result after the operation. Fifteen patients were noticed to have complete dryness and healing. Eighty percent of the patients get dry ear within the first three months after the operation. Failure to get healed cavity was seen in patients with large cavities, high facial ridge and inadequate meatoplasty. Recognition of the possible causes of failure to get dry ear, the surgeon's experience and the regular follow up of the patient, may help in achieving better results

Epidural abscess associated with dural sinus thrombosis due to intracranial extension of cholesteatoma

Cholesteatoma of the temporal bone extending into the intracranial region is an unusual occurrence. Acquired aural cholesteatoma can extend into either the middle or posterior cranial fosses. Epidural abscess and dural sinus thrombosis are complications of chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma, although potentially fatal, they are treatable. Epidural abscess and dural sinus thrombosis must be recognized and treated aggressively. Epidural abscess and dural sinus thrombosis is relatively more common [14], and treatment of the underlying cause is essential. In this study cholesteatoma extended into the posterior fossa, associated with epidural abscess and lateral sinus thrombosis. While computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are both required to differentiate temporal bone cholesteatoma from other lesions of the temporal bone [14], computed tomography of the temporal bone is usually sufficient to diagnosis and define intracranial extension of acquired aural cholesteatoma. The present study is presented to analyze the clinical presentation, imaging finding, and surgical treatment of patients with acquired aural cholesteatoma extending into the intracranial region associated with epidural abscess and lateral sinus thrombosis

Cholesteatoma of the upper urinary tract

We report the case of a 57-year old patient with complex cystic image in right kidney. Following radical nephrectomy, the pathological study established the diagnosis of renal cholesteatoma. We discuss the frequency, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, propedeutics, histological findings and proposes for intervention observed in the literature.

Mastoidectomia radical modificada tipo Bondy sem meatoplastia: proposta terapêutica / Bondy´s modified radical mastoidectomy without meatoplasty: therapeutic proposal

O tratamento da colesteatoma é cirúrgico. A mastoidectomia radical modificada tipo Bondy (MRM-TB) é uma opção do tratamento para pequenos colesteatomas ático-antrais.

Colesteatoma de conduto auditivo externo / Cholesteatoma of external auditory canal

O colesteatoma de conduto auditivo externo (CCAE) é uma doença rara, mais comum em idosos. Os autores apresentam o caso de um jovem com otorréia unilateral à direita, estenose de conduto auditivo externo; à tomografia computadorizada, com hipótese diagnóstica de otomastoidite crônica. No ato cirúrgico verificou-se erosäo do conduto auditivo externo, com membra na timpânica intacta

Diagnóstico y tratamiento de 40 pacientes con patología tumoral del ángulo ponto-cerebeloso / Diagnosis and treatment in 40 patients with cerebellopontine angle tumors

Se analizan 40 pacientes con patología tumoral a nivel del ángulo ponto-cerebeloso en un período comprendido entre 1986 a 1997 atendidos en el Servicio de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello del Hospital México, San José, Costa Rica. En dicho estudio se hace énfasis en la clínica, en los exámenes paraclínicos, en el abordaje quirúrgico y sus resultados correlacionan los resultados tomando en consideración la existencia o no de tumor residual, la función del nervio facial, su extirpe histológico (32 neurinomas de VIII par craneal; 1 neurinoma del IX par craneal; 4 meningiomas; 3 colesteatomas), el tamaño (4T1; 11T2; 10T3; 15T4) y su origen. El síntoma inicial predominante es la sordera unilateral; no existe correlación entre el tamaño del tumor y la audición del paciente. En cuanto menor sea el tamaño del tumor, mayor posibilidad de extirpación total e integridad del nervio facial; dichos resutados mejoran cuando se monitorea el nervio facial. No hubo tumor residual en 75 por ciento de los paciente; con el nervio facial monitorizado se obtuvo buena función del nervio en 75 por ciento de los casos. Entre los casos monitorizados sin tumor residual y con nervio facial íntegro, 100 por ciento de los T1; el 66 por ciento de los T2; el 71 por ciento de los T3 y el 26 por ciento de los T4. Este porcentaje es menor en los T2 y T3 cuando se analizan todos los casos, sean o no monitorizados; el porcentaje permanece idéntico en los T1 y T4. Palabras clave: Angulo ponto-cerebeloso; tumores; neurinomas; mengiomas; colestatomas primarios; abordaje quirúrgico