Molecular detection of oncogenic subtypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) in a group of women in the Amazon region of Brazil

The natural history of cervical cancer is strongly related to the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, with its relationship with cervical cancer being a matter of concern. It is estimated that 70% of all cervical cancers worldwide are caused by HPV 16 and 18. Accordingly, the present study aimed to contribute to the identification of HPV subtypes circulating in a group of women of Manaus-Brazil. Cervical samples were collected from 49 women, following the eligibility criteria of the study, and DNA was then extracted from the samples, which were analyzed for the presence of the virus in the genetic material through the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using generic primers (GP05/06). Finally, identification of the viral subtypes was performed using specific primers for the detection of the main subtypes already examined (16 and 18). Positive HPV DNA was detected in 100% of the samples included in the study. Human papillomavirus 16 was the most prevalent subtype in the majority of lesions, accounting for 29 (59.2%) of the positive cases, and HPV 18 was detected in four (8.2%) women. In these 4 cases there was co-infection, with the presence of both HPV 18 and HPV 16. Therefore, 40.8% (20 cases) in which HPV DNA was detected presented infection with other subtypes of HPV not included in the study. This data has clinical implications related to cervical cancer prevention, as the current prophylactic HPV vaccines are only effective against high-risk HPV 16 and 18 subtypes.

Prevalencia de lesiones intraepiteliales cervicales de bajo y alto grado en pacientes en edad fértil. Maracaibo. Estado Zulia / Prevalence of intrepelitelial, cervical low and high grade injuries in patients in the fertile age. Maracaibo. Zulia state

Determinar la prevalencia de las lesiones intraepiteliales cervicales de bajo y alto grado en pacientes de edad fértil en la consulta de ginecología del centro Materno pediatrico Zulia, en el período comprendido febrero 2016 -febrero 2018 Maracaibo, Estado Zulia. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo en el que se incluyeron mujeres entre los 15 y 44 años, que acudieron a la consulta de Ginecología obstetricia del centro materno pediátrico Zulia para el periodo comprendido febrero 2016 ­ febrero 2018. Se evaluó la normalidad de las variables cuantitativas, empleándose la mediana o el promedio con sus varianzas según su distribución, y frecuencias y proporciones para las variables categóricas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 150 pacientes. La mediana de la edad fue 29 años con rango (R: 15-43 años), la mediana del número de partos 1 (R: 0-3). Uso de métodos anticonceptivos, la mayoría utilizaba ACO. El 60% de las citologías se reportaron como negativas, 20 % lesión de bajo grado (LSIL), 10% células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado (ASC-US), 2% lesiones de alto grado (HSIL), 2,3% células escamosas atípicas de significado indeterminado de alto grado ASC-H, 3,3% células glandulares atípicas de significado incierto (ASGUS) y 2% carcinoma invasor. Conclusión: La prevalencia de las anormalidades citológicas fue alta en todos los grupos analizados, sin embargo, existe un mayor número de LSIL hacia la tercera década de la vida y en aquellas que iniciaron su vida sexual después de los 40 años. De igual manera se encontró una relación inversa entre el número de partos, planificación familiar hormonal y aparición de lesiones pre neoplásicas(AU)

To determine the prevalence of cervical intraepithelial lesions of low and high grade in patients of fertile age in the gynecology clinic of the Zulia maternity center, in the period February 2016-February 2018 Maracaibo, Zulia State. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was carried out that included women between 15 and 44 years old, who attended the obstetrics gynecology clinic of the Zulia pediatric maternity center for the period February 2016-February 2018. The normality of the quantitative variables, using the median or average with their variances according to their distribution, and frequencies and proportions for the categorical variables. Results: 150 patients were included. the median age was 29 years with range (R: 15-43 years), the median number of births 1 (R: 0-3). Using contraceptive methods, most used ACO. 60% of cytologies were reportedas negative, 20% low grade lesion (LSIL), 10% atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US), 2% high grade lesions (HSIL), 2.3% cells Atypical squamous of indeterminate significance of high grade ASC-H, 3.3% atypical glandular cells of uncertain significance (ASGUS) and 2% invasive carcinoma. Conclusion: The prevalence of cytological abnormalities was high in all the groups analyzed, however, there is a greater number of LSIL in the third decade of life and in those who began their sexual life their 40 years. Likewise, an inverse relationship was found between the number of births, hormonal family planning and the appearance of pre-neoplastic lesions(AU)

Vaginoscopía por distensión: creación y desarrollo de un método de diagnóstico endoscópico para gíneco-pediatría y ginecología adulta / Vaginoscopy by strain: creation and development of a method of endoscopic diagnosis by gyneco-pediatrics and adult gynecology

Se describe el instrumental, técnica, indicaciones y contraindicaciones de un método endoscópico que permite la visualización de la "cavidad vaginal", sus estructuras y el cérvix uterino por medio de la distensión, en niñas, adolescentes y adultas con himen conservado; es la vaginoscopia por distensión. Esta técnica convierte la "cavidad virtual vaginal" en "cavidad real", por medio de la distensión con C02 (dióxido de carbono). Resulta por lo tanto de gran utilidad en la práctica de la ginecología pediátrica y en situaciones especiales ginecológicas de la adulta. Se presentan los estudios realizados y sus hallazgos

Neoplasia intraepitelial cervical (NIC) correlación citología colposcopia y biopsia / Correlate cytological and colposcopy and biopsia, for intraepitelial cervical neoplasia (CIN)

Se evalúan la citología y colposcopia como métodos diagnósticos en la Neoplasia Intraepitelial Cervical (NIC). Un total de 80 pacientes diagnósticados con NIC, realizándose un total de 670 procedimientos citológicos y colposcópicos, siendo la prueba índice la Biopsia del cuello uterino. Los resultados obtenidos fueron los siguientes: Citología-Coloscopia: La sensibilidad 48,66 por ciento y 96,32 por ciento; la especificidad: 88,1 por ciento y 63,9 por ciento. Valor Predictivo Positivo: 83,15 por ciento y 66,84 por ciento. Valor predictivo Negativo: 55,66 por ciento y 85,83 por ciento; la eficacia: 88,74 por ciento, Error Diagnóstico: 35,83 por ciento y 22,15 por ciento repectivamente. Chi cuadrado de 100, lo cual es estadísticamente significativo p<0,001

Colposcopia digital o computadorizada / Digital or computarized colposcopy

Un nuevo método colposcópico que utiliza un sistema computarizado para obtener imágenes cervicales digitalizadas, es descripto en este trabajo. Las imágenes son excelentes, pueden ser incorporadas a la memoria del equipo y permite, si es necesario, su reprodución. Creemos que es una herramienta útil para el diagnóstico y la investigación en el campo de la patología cervical

Colposcopic assessment of the accuracy of abnormal cervical cytology

One hundred symptomatic women were screened cytologically, coIposcopically and histologically for evidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [CIN]. The prevalence of CIN changes detected by cytology alone was 18%, but the prevalence detected by cytology and histology together was 28%

Colposcopy of the postmenopausal cervix

With modern life about one third of human females live in the post menopausal period and spend about one third of their life in it. The colposcope is a low power binocular microscope which allows the cervix to be viewed stereoscopically at magnifications of x6 to x40, aiming at detection of the changes in the epithelium, subepithelium and vascular pattern. It is an easy, practical, inexpensive, accurate and with no morbidity. The cervix in the postmenopause shows some changes which makes colposcopy difficult, the cervix decreases in size and elasticity with narrowing of the cervical canal and external os. The region of the external os is pushed up into the cervical canal. In the postmenopause the squamous epithelium is atrophic, pale red in colour. Colposcopy is used to evaluate the cervix in cases of abnormal cytology. 48 postmenopausal women were selected for the study. the changes that occur in the cervix were studied cytologically by papanicolaou smear and colposcopically by the colposcope and the results were correlated. The cytology was abnormal in 42 patients, chronic cervicitis was a common finding in cervical smears. The colposcopy was unsatisfactory in 21 patients, [43.75% of the cases studied] atrophic epithelium was common in this group. 2 cases of squamous cell carcinoma were picked up in this study. Cytology and colposcopy are complimentary to each other, the accuracy of diagnosis increases by the combination of both and this can give an accuracy of up to 95%