Relation between expression of cerebral beta-APP in the chronic alcoholism rats and death caused by TSAH / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#By observing the cerebral beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP) expression in the chronic alcoholism rats with slight cerebral injury, to discuss the correlation of chronic alcoholism and death caused by traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhage (TSAH).@*METHODS@#Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into watering group, watering group with strike, alcoholism group and alcoholism group with strike. Among them, the alcohol was used for continuous 4 weeks in alcoholism groups and the concussion was made in groups with strike. In each group, HE staining and immunohistochemical staining of the cerebral tissues were done and the results were analyzed by the histopathologic image system.@*RESULTS@#In watering group, there was no abnormal. In watering group with strike, mild neuronic congestion was found. In alcoholism group, vascular texture on cerebral surface was found. And the neurons arranged in disorder with dilated intercellular space. In alcoholism group with strike, diffuse congestion on cerebral surface was found. And there was TSAH with thick-layer patches around brainstem following irregular axonotmesis. The quantity of beta-APP IOD in alcoholism group was significantly higher in the frontal lobe, hippocampus, cerebellum, brainstem than those in watering group with strike and alcoholism group with strike.@*CONCLUSION@#The cerebral tissues with chronic alcoholism, due to the decreasing tolerance, could cause fatal TSAH and pathological changes in cerebral tissues of rats under slight cerebral injury.

Application of diffusion tensor imaging and 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy in diagnosis of traumatic brain injury / 法医学杂志

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a common type of brain disorders among young adults. The dysfunction of the brain is often exacerbated due to diffuse axonal injury (DAI) which based on the injury of white matter fibers and axons. Since mild and moderate brain injury or DAI are diffuse and subtle, conventional CT and MRI are difficult to make a positive diagnosis. Recent clinical study indicated that functional magnetic resonance imaging has a high detection rate in the diagnosis of acute mild and moderate brain injury, especially the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). This paper has reviewed the principles and characteristics of DTI and 1H-MRS, and recent research in the clinical and animal experiments on brain injury.

Analysis on clinical classification and injury certification in 30 cases of acute closed head trauma / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#In order to improve accuracy of forensic expert conclusion and provide scientific and reasonable accordance for revising identifying criteria for the injury degree, correlation between clinical classification and injury certification of acute closed head trauma were explored.@*METHODS@#A total of 30 cases about acute closed head trauma were selected. Comparison and analysis were made about their differences and the correlation between the clinical classification and the injury degree certification.@*RESULTS@#Mild craniocerebral injury is equal to mild or moderate injury, moderate craniocerebral injury is equivalent to mild or severe injury, severe craniocerebral injury is mostly equivalent to severe injury.@*CONCLUSION@#There are some correlation between the clinical classification and the injury certification in acute closed head trauma. It is necessary to refer to the criteria of clinical classification when revising identifying criteria for the injury degree so as to enhance scientific rigor and rationality.

Expression of c-jun protein after experimental rat brain concussion / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To observe e-jun protein expression after rat brain concussion and explore the forensic pathologic markers following brain concussion.@*METHODS@#Fifty-five rats were randomly divided into brain concussion group and control group. The expression of c-jun protein was observed by immunohistochemistry.@*RESULTS@#There were weak positive expression of c-jun protein in control group. In brain concussion group, however, some neutrons showed positive expression of c-jun protein at 15 min after brain concussion, and reach to the peak at 3 h after brain concussion.@*CONCLUSION@#The research results suggest that detection of c-jun protein could be a marker to determine brain concussion and estimate injury time after brain concussion.

Analysis of 112 cases with diffuse axonal injury / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the relationship between the diffuse axonal injury (DAI) and cerebral contusion, primary brain stem injury and brain concussion.@*METHODS@#One hundred and twelve cases with DAI were analyzed according to the characteristics of clinical signs and imaging features.@*RESULTS@#Of 112 cases of DAI, 70.5% injured in traffic accident, 60.7% injured with blunt trauma more than one time and 71.4% injured with cerebral contusion. And 90 cases with brain with hemorrhage were found in CT or MRI imaging.@*CONCLUSION@#DAI may be associated with cortical contusion and primary brain stem injury. The CT or MRI is useful to investigate the cause of death and to evaluate the personal disability.

Changes of HSP70, bFGF and TGF-beta1 expression in rat brain after concussion / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the changes of expression of relevant factors in rat brain after concussion injury and to provide scientific basis for forensic estimation of brain injury interval.@*METHODS@#Brain tissues were sampled from the established SD rat animal model of brain concussion, routinely processed and stained with HE and immunohistochemically stained with antibodies directed against heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). The sections were examined under light microscope with IMAGE analytical system and homologous statistical analysis.@*RESULTS@#The expression of HSP 70 was observed in 30 minutes after brain injury. The amount of neurons expressing HSP 70 increased gradually, reached its peak at 12 hours and then declined at 24 hours after brain injury. The expression of bFGF was observed 3 hours after injury in brain stem, reached its peak at 12 hours, and then declined. The expression of TGF-beta1 was detected 6-24 hours after brain injury, remained at its peak up to 3 days.@*CONCLUSION@#Brain injury can induce a chronological expression of HSP70, bFGF and TGF-beta1. The results can be a potential for estimating the age of brain injury using several markers.

Expression of c-myc protein on rats' brains after brain concussion / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the changes of expression of c-myc protein on rats' brains after brain concussion.@*METHODS@#sixty rats were randomly divided into brain concussion groups and control group. The expression of c-myc protein was microscopically observed by immunohistochemical method.@*RESULTS@#No expression of c-myc protein in control group were observed. However, positive expression of c-myc protein in some neurons was seen at 20 min after brain concussion, and reach to the peak at 8h after brain concussion and then decreased gradually.@*CONCLUSION@#These findings suggest that the detection of c-myc protein could be an index of diagnosis of brain concussion.

The expression of GFAP after brain concussion in rats / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the expression of GFAP and pathologic changes after rats brain concussion, so that to provide evidence on brain concussion for forensic identification.@*METHODS@#Forty-five SD rats were divided into 3, 6, 12, 24 h and 2, 4, 7, 10 d and normal control groups in terms of different wounding time after brain concussion model established, and the expression of GFAP after rats brain concussion were then observed by using SP immunohistochemical method.@*RESULTS@#In normal control brain, low-level GFAP expressions could be observed. After six hours' brain concussion, GFAP positive cells increased obviously. The trend reached to the peak at 7d, partly declined at 10d, then decreased gradually.@*CONCLUSION@#Brain concussion induced the expression of GFAP. The detection of GFAP could be useful for diagnosis of brain concussion on forensic pathology, and could be a reference index for timing of injury after brain concussion.

A study on the relationship between the expression of apoptosis-related gene and the injury time in earlier period following cerebral contusion / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the relationship between the expressive variety of apoptosis-related gene Bcl-2, Fas and the brain injury time during earlier period after cerebral contusion.@*METHODS@#The morphologia feature of brain tissue was observed under microscopy and immunohistochemistry, image analyze technique was applied to detected the expression of Bcl-2 and Fas.@*RESULTS@#Typical apoptotic cells were seen 8 hours after cerebral contusion. The expression of apoptosis-related gene was noted after 30 minutes and keep increase subsequently. The expression of Bcl-2 reached maximum level at 4 hours after brain trauma and then declined.@*CONCLUSION@#Detecting the expression of Bcl-2 and Fas would be of valuable in the distinguishment of promortem and postmortem injury, and the estimation of brain injury time during the earlier period after cerebral contusion.

Contusäo cerebral em vítimas fatais de acidente de trânsito: frequência e associaçäo com outras lesöes cranioencefálicas / Cerebral contusion in fatal victims of traffic accident: frequency and association with other head injury lesions

Realizou-se análise morfológica, macro e microscópica, das lesões encefálicas de 120 vítimas fatais de acidente de trânsito. A contusão recente ocorreu em 67 pacientes (55,8 por cento). As localizações mais frequentes foram a região orbitofrontal (27,8 por cento) e a região polar do lobo temporal (19,8 por cento). A contusão cerebral estava associada a fratura do crânio em 70,1 por cento dos casos e a lesão axonal difusa em 89,5 por cento, associação essa que pode ser explicada pela conjunção de aceleração e impacto no acidente de trânsito. A contusão antiga foi encontrada em seis pacientes (5,0 por cento).