Análisis demográfico de una clínica de cardiopatías congénitas del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, con interés en el adulto / Demographic analysis of a congenital heart disease clinic of the Mexican Institute of Social Security, with special interest in the adult

Resumen Introducción: Las cardiopatías congénitas (CC) en México se presentan con una cifra estimada entre 18,000-20,000 nuevos casos por año. La mayor parte de los centros que atienden a estos enfermos son exclusivamente pediátricos y el Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) cuenta con una clínica que atiende a todas las edades. Objetivo: Analizar los aspectos demográficos de una clínica de CC del niño y del adulto del IMSS. Métodos: De 2011 a 2016 se realizó un estudio transversal de la clínica de CC de un hospital de tercer nivel del IMSS, incluyendo todos los pacientes con cardiopatía estructural confirmada de reciente diagnóstico. Se registró el sexo, la edad, la entidad federativa de referencia, el antecedente de embarazo y el tratamiento. Se dividió a la población en rangos de edades (< 2 años, 2.1-6 años, 6.1-10 años, 10.1-17 años y > 17.1 años). Se empleó estadística descriptiva y prueba de y2 en las variables cualitativas. Resultados: Tres mil cuatrocientos ochenta y tres enfermos con CC (relación hombre:mujer,0.8:1.2), las cardiopatías acianógenas de flujo pulmonar aumentado son el grupo más grande (47.2%); 25.6% fueron adultos y 35% de las mujeres con antecedente de al menos una gesta. En general la cardiopatía más frecuente fue la comunicación interauricular. La entidad federativa con mayor frecuencia de adultos de reciente diagnóstico fue Chiapas (33.82%); el 7% no fueron candidatos a ningún tratamiento por complicaciones inherentes a la cardiopatía. Conclusiones: Existe un diagnóstico tardío de la atención de las CC en la etapa adulta. Es necesario crear un registro nacional para promover nuevas políticas de salud y distribución de recursos destinados a estos pacientes.

Abstract Introduction: Congenital heart disease (CHD) has an incidence of 8-10 cases per 1000 live births. In Mexico, there are 18,000-20,000 new cases per year. Most tertiary care centers for CHD attend only pediatric population; the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) has a clinic that attends pediatric and adult population. Objective: To analyze the demographic aspects of the CHD clinic of IMSS. Methods: From 2011 to 2016 a cross-sectional study of the CC clinic of a third level hospital of the IMSS, including all patients with confirmed structural heart disease of recent diagnosis was carried out. The sex, age, reference entity, antecedent of pregnancy and treatment were registered. The population was divided into age ranges (< 2 years, 2.1-6 years, 6.1-10 years, 10.1-17 years and > 17.1 years). Descriptive statistics and y2 test were used in qualitative variables. Results: 3,483 patients with CHD (male:female ratio, 0.8:1.2) were included. Increased pulmonary flow acyanogenic cardiopathies were the most frequent CHD group (47.2%), with atrial septal defect being the most frequent diagnosis overall; 25.6% were adults and 35% of women with a history of pregnancy. Chiapas was Federal entity with greater proportion of patients diagnosed in the adult stage (33.82%); 7% were not candidates for any treatment for complications of the disease. Conclusions: CHD is a late diagnosis; it is necessary to create a national register to promote new health policies and a rational distribution of resources for these patients.

Síndrome de hipoplasia de corazón izquierdo: experiencia de 10 años de un programa de etapificación quirúrgica / Hypoplastic left heart syndrome: 10 year experience with staged surgical management

Resumen El síndrome de hipoplasia de corazón izquierdo (SHCI) es una cardiopatía congénita con letalidad superior al 95%. La etapificación quirúrgica es la principal vía de tratamiento, y se inicia con la operación de Norwood; la sobrevida a largo plazo de los pacientes tratados es desconocida en nuestro medio. Objetivos 1) Revisar nuestra experiencia en el manejo de todos los pacientes con SHCI evaluados entre enero 2000 y junio 2010. 2) Identificar factores de riesgo de mortalidad quirúrgica. Pacientes y método Estudio retrospectivo de una única institución con una cohorte de pacientes con SHCI. Se revisan antecedentes clínicos, quirúrgicos, y registros de seguimiento. Resultados Se evaluaron 76 pacientes con SHCI; 9/76 tenían comunicación interauricular (CIA) restrictiva, y 8/76, aorta ascendente de < 2 mm; 65/76 fueron tratados: 77% tuvieron operación de Norwood con conducto entre ventrículo derecho y ramas pulmonares como fuente de flujo pulmonar, 17% Norwood con shunt de Blalock-Taussig, y 6% otra cirugía. La mortalidad en la primera etapa quirúrgica fue del 23%, y en operación de Norwood, del 21,3%. En el período 2000-2005 la mortalidad en la primera etapa quirúrgica fue del 36%, y entre 2005-2010, del 15% (p = 0,05). La sobrevida global fue del 64% a un año y del 57% a 5 años. Por análisis multivariado fueron factores de riesgo para mortalidad la presencia de aorta ascendente diminuta y CIA restrictiva. Conclusiones Nuestros resultados inmediatos y a largo plazo en la etapificación quirúrgica de SHCI son similares a la experiencia de grandes centros. Hay una mejoría en mortalidad operatoria en la segunda mitad de la serie. Se identifican factores de riesgo de mortalidad.

Abstract Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a lethal congenital heart disease in 95% of non-treated patients. Surgical staging is the main form of treatment, consisting of a 3-stage approach, beginning with the Norwood operation. Long term survival of treated patients is unknown in our country. Objectives 1) To review our experience in the management of all patients seen with HLHS between January 2000 and June 2012. 2) Identify risk factors for mortality. Patients and method Retrospective analysis of a single institution experience with a cohort of patients with HLHS. Clinical, surgical, and follow-up records were reviewed. Results Of the 76 patients with HLHS, 9 had a restrictive atrial septal defect (ASD), and 8 had an ascending aorta ≤ 2 mm. Of the 65 out of 76 patients that were treated, 77% had a Norwood operation with pulmonary blood flow supplied by a right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduit, 17% had a Norwood with a Blalock-Taussig shunt, and 6% other surgical procedure. Surgical mortality at the first stage was 23%, and for Norwood operation 21.3%. For the period between 2000-2005, surgical mortality at the first stage was 36%, and between 2005-2010, 15% (P = .05). Actuarial survival was 64% at one year, and 57% at 5 years. Using a multivariate analysis, a restrictive ASD and a diminutive aorta were high risk factors for mortality. Conclusions Our immediate and long term outcome for staged surgical management of HLHS is similar to that reported by large centres. There is an improvement in surgical mortality in the second half of our experience. Risk factors for mortality are also identified.

Oclusão percutânea de comunicação interatrial tipo ostium secundum com prótese memopart® / Percutaneous closure of ostium secundum atrial septal defect using the memopart™ occlusion device

INTRODUÇÃO: Os autores relatam a experiência inicial da oclusão da comunicação interatrial ostium secundum (CIA) com a utilização da prótese Memopart® (Shanghai Shape Memory Alloy Co Ltd, Shanghai, China). MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo observacional, no qual uma série de pacientes portadores de defeitos com significativa repercussão hemodinâmica e características anatômicas favoráveis ao implante foi submetida à oclusão percutânea de CIA. O procedimento foi realizado por via femoral percutânea, pela técnica habitual. O período de seguimento foi de 10,3 ± 5 meses, com controles clínicos e ecocardiográficos 24 horas (ou antes da alta hospitalar), 1, 3, 6 e 12 meses após o implante. RESULTADOS: No período de fevereiro de 2012 a abril de 2013, foram submetidos à oclusão percutânea de CIA 21 pacientes, sendo 16 do sexo feminino, com idade média de 33,1 ± 18,7 anos. O diâmetro médio do defeito foi de 19,04 ± 6,25 mm e o tamanho da prótese foi de 21,42 ± 6,73 mm (8 a 34 mm). O implante foi realizado com êxito em todos os casos, verificando-se oclusão total no controle antes da alta hospitalar. No seguimento, todos os pacientes estiveram assintomáticos e comprovou-se a persistência da oclusão total do defeito. Não houve mortalidade e nem outras complicações na série. CONCLUSÕES: A oclusão percutânea da CIA utilizando-se prótese Memopart® é um procedimento eficaz e seguro, dentro dos limites desta investigação. O implante da prótese é simples e apresenta alto índice de oclusão imediata, inclusive de defeitos de grandes dimensões.

BACKGROUND: The authors report their initial experience with the Memopart™ device (Shanghai Shape Memory Alloy Co Ltd, Shanghai, China) for the occlusion of secundum atrial septal defect (ASD). METHODS: This was a prospective observational study of a series of patients undergoing percutaneous occlusion of ASD with right ventricle volume overload and favorable anatomic characteristics. The procedure was performed by percutaneous femoral approach. The mean follow-up was 10.3 ± 5 months, with clinical and 24-hour echocardiographic evaluations (or before hospital discharge), 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after implantation. RESULTS: From February/2012 to April/2013, 21 patients, 16 females, mean age 33.1 ± 18.7 years, were submitted to percutaneous occlusion of an ASD. The average diameter of the defect was 19.04 ± 6.25 mm and the device size was 21.42 ± 6.73 mm (8 to 34 mm). Total occlusion of the defect was observed in all cases before hospital discharge. During follow-up, all patients were asymptomatic and without residual shunt. There was no deaths or any other complications in the series. CONCLUSIONS: The percutaneous closure of ASD using a Memopart™ device is an effective and safe procedure within the limits of this investigation. The device is user-friendly and has a high rate of immediate occlusion, even in large defects.

Use of dopamine infusion improved oxygenation in a patient of Ebstein's anomaly with atrial septal defect.

We present the successful perioperative management of an adult patient with Ebstein's anomaly for abdominal rectopexy surgery. The patient developed mild hypotension and a fall in peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ) after administration of a graded epidural block. Correction of the fall in the blood pressure; however, did not improve the SpO 2 . The patient was administered an intravenous infusion of dopamine to improve the cardiac output and this led to improvement in the SpO 2 .

Immediate, short and intermediate results of transcatheter closure of secondum-type atrial septal defect using Amplatzer septal occluder devices.

OBJECTIVES: To study the immediate, short, and intermediate results of transcatheter closure of secondum-type atrial septal defect using Amplatzer septal occluder devices (TCAA) in terms of clinical symptoms and residual lesions and shunts determined by transthoracic two-dimensional (TTE) and three-dimensional echocardiography (TDE). MATERIAL AND METHOD: Thirty-six patients, who underwent successful TCAA at the Chest Disease Institute between August 2002 and August 2007 and were followed up clinically, by TTE and TDE at day 1-3, 4-6 months, and 1-year post TCAA, were analyzed. RESULTS: TCAA was performed in 75 patients during the study period. Of these, 36 patients were completely followed-up. There were 92% female with a mean age of 40 +/- 16 yrs (range 19 to 65) and the mean of maximal size of ASD secondum determined by TTE, transesophageal echocardiography (TTE) and balloon sizing or balloon stretched diameter (BSD)was 18.9 +/- 4.7 mm (range 10-30), 22.6 +/- 5.3 mm (rang 10-32), and 24.3 +/- 5.3 mm (range 12-34) respectively. The size of ASOD was 26.4 +/- 4.9 mm (range 12-34). Fluoroscopic time was 16.4 +/- 7.1 min (range 6.7-35.6). The success rate of TCAA was 84%. No major complications and deaths were found. All of those with successful TCAA apparently improved their functional class. All of them showed complete ASD closure and yet 12 (31%) had Qp/Qs > or = 1.5 at year one. CONCLUSION: TCAA is safe and effective and had resulted in clinical improvement, complete closure of secondum ASD, and good immediate, short, and intermediate outcomes with fewer complications.

Atrial septal aneurysm associated with Wolf Parkinson White (WPW) syndrome: a case report.

An atrial septal aneurysm (ASA) is a well-recognized cardiac abnormality of uncertain clinical relevance and also associated with different cardiac and non-cardiac abnormality. ASA may be complicated by arrhythmias, thrombus formation and cardiogenic embolism. Here we report a case of ASA associated with accessory bypass tract with Wolf Parkinson While (WPW)-pattern ECG first time known to us.

Estudo comparativo entre a miniesternotomia em L invertido e esternotomia longitudinal total na correção cirúrgica da comunicação interatrial / Comparative study between inverted L mini-sternotomy and complete sternotomy for the surgical reatment of the atrial septal defect(ASD)

Objetivo: Comparar os resulados obtidos entre duas vias de acesso cirúrgico em pacientes submetidos à correção cirúrgica de comunicação interatrial(CIA).Método: Foram distribuídos 20 pacientes, com média de idade de 24 anos, em dois grupos. No grupo A, 10 pacientes(80 por cento do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 20,9 anos) foram submetidos à correção da CIA por meio de uma esternotomia longitudinal total. No grupo B, 10 pacientes(80 por cento do sexo feminino, com média de idade de 27,4 anos) foram submetidos a correção da CIA através de miniesternotomia em L invertido. Foi considerado significativo p menor 0,005.Resultados: Não houve diferença significante entre as variáveis demográficas, tempo cirúrgico, circulação extracorpórea, pinçamento aórtico, quantidade de solução cardioplégica, drenagem torácica, tempo de permanência na UTI e ventilação mecânica, volume de sangue e plasma transfundidos, arritmia ou emprego de marcapasso. Houve diferença estática(p igual 0,00001) entre o tamanho das incisões realizadas nos pacientes submetidos à esternotomia completa(grupo A) e a miniesternotomia(grupo B), sendo a média, respectivamente de, de 15,7 e 6,8 cm. O grupo A apresentou maior tempo de internação, porém sem diferença estatística(7,5 dias no grupo A e 6,4 dias no grupo B, com p igual 0,12). Em ambos os grupos não houve mortalidade ou complicações relativas às vias de acesso cirúrgico.Conclusão: Não houve diferença entre as técnicas empregadas no período intra e pós-operatório, excetuando-se o tamanho da incisão, o qual possibilitou melhor efeito estético com uso da miniesternotomia em L invertido

Sindrome platipnea-ortodeoxia por foramen oval permeable, aneurisma del septum interauricular y paralisis del hemidiafragma derecho / Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome, atrial septal aneurysm and right hemidiaphragmatic elevation with a right-to-left shunt through a patent foramen ovale

El síndrome platipnea-ortodeoxia (SPO) está caracterizado por disnea e hipoxemia en posición erecta que mejoran con el decúbito supino. Se presenta un paciente de 75 años sin antecedentesremarcables, con cuadro de disnea de 7 días de evolución. La radiografía y tomografía de tórax mostraron una elevación del hemidiafragma derecho (confirmándose su parálisis por radioscopia) sin alteraciones en el parénquima pulmonar y mediastino. El ecocardiograma contrastado evidenció un foramen oval permeable y un aneurisma del septum interauricular. La angiografía pulmonar descartó tromboembolismo o malformación vascular y las presiones en la arteria pulmonar fueron normales, sin evidencia de shunt. Al momento de ambos estudios, realizados en decúbito supino, el paciente no tenía síntomas. En la evolución, la disnea también se manifestó en esa postura y el paciente espontáneamente adoptó el decúbito lateral derecho donde la oxemia era normal. Se realizó un ecocardiograma transesofágico contrastado que mostró un shunt derecha-izquierda intracardíaco y se colocó un dispositivo de Alplatzer para el cierre de la comunicación interauricular. Los gases arteriales post-procedimiento fueron normales. Se resalta la particularidad del SPO secundario a shunt intracardíaco sin gradiente de presión entre las cavidades.

Pulmonary diffusion capacity in mitral stenosis and atrial septal defect

To assess the diffusion capacity in two groups of patients suffering from heart disease of a different aetiology. Preoperative single breath diffusion capacity [DL[co]] was measured by the carbon monoxide and helium dilution method in two groups of patients suffering from heart disease of a different aetiology: 79 patients with advanced rheumatic dominant mitral stenosis scheduled for valve replacement [MVR] surgery and 25 patients with congenital atrial septal defect [ASD] scheduled for surgical repair in the Chest Disease Hospital, Kuwait. The DL[co] was reduced with the patients in the MVR group and tended toward a more normal value with the patients in the ASD group. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups for the DL[co] for both males [P<0.0001] and females [P<0.001]. Changes in DL[co] in patients with heart disease depends on the underling cardiac pathology

Avaliaçäo de potenciais fragmentados em presença de bloqueio de ramo direito sem alteraçöes estruturais miocárdicas ventriculares. Estudo pelo eletrocardiograma de alta resoluçäo no domínio da frequência / Evaluation of fragmented potentials in the presence of right bundle branch block without structural myocardium abnormalities. Study made by signal-averaged electrocardiogram on time and frequency domain

Objetivo - Em ausência de alterações estruturais miocárdicas (AEM), avaliar se o bloqueio de ramo direito (BRD) gera potenciais fragmentados (PF) e turbulência espectral (TE) no eletrocardiograma de alta resolução (ECGAR). Métodos - Doze crianças com comunicação interatrial (CIA) e bloqueio incompleto do ramo direito (BIRD) sem AEM (Grupo I), foram comparadas com 17 crianças com tetralogia de Fallot (TF) operada, BCRD e AEN, 5 com extra sistoles ventriculares e 2 com taquicardia ventricular sustentada (Grupo II). Todas fizeram ECGAR nos domínios do tempo (DT) e da freqüência (DF), com cinco variáveis analisadas. Resultados - Os pacientes do grupo I tiveram as variáveis normais apesar do BIRD. No grupo II, 4 das cinco variáveis foram anormais, sugerindo a presença de PF e TE atribuíveis a AEM inerentes à malformação e ao ato cirúrgico. Conclusão - Na CIA o BIRD não complicado de AEM não gera PF e TE, não constituindo fator de risco para taquicardia ventricular sustentada.

Balloon mitral valvotomy: immediate outcome of 300 procedures

Three hundred patients with severe symptomatic rheumatic mitral stenosis underwent balloon mitral valvotomy [BMV] at Queen Alia Heart Institute [QAHI] during the period between May 1988 to April 1994. The clinical characteristics, immediate procedural outcome, hemodynamic variables, two-dimensional echocardiography and Doppler-derived mitral valve area [MVA] were retrospectively analyzed. There were 226 females and 74 males with a mean age of 34.4 +/- 13.5 years. Sixty-four patients [21%] were in atrial fibrillation. Sixteen patients had prior surgical mitral commissurotomy, 3 patients [1%] had prior aortic valve replacement [AVR], 22 patients [7.3%] had

Left, ventricular function in adults with atrial septal defect

Dieciseis pacientes con un defecto interatrial fueron cateterizados enfatizando el análisis cuantitativo del ventrículo al final de sístole y a mitad de expulsión. La fracción de expulsión promedio estuvo reducida 57 + 8% cuando fue comparada con un grupo control (71 + 10%) P < .005. Ocho pacientes tuvieron volumenes diastólicos elevados (156 + 10cc) al compararles con el grupo control (95 + 100cc) P <.005. Un total de 32 áreas hipoquinéticas y 35 tardoquinéticas se encontraron. Ocho pacietnes fueron reestudiados después de nitroglicerina sublingual (4mg). Se encontró un aumento en la fracción de expulsión de 54% a 70% (P <.005). La mayoria de las áreas hipoquinéticas fueron normalizadas. No se encontró una correlación entre la fracción de expulsión o movimiento sistólico total y el tamaño del corto circuito. Probablemente estas anormalidades son primarias y no debidas al cortocircuito intracardíaco