The Effects of a High Fat Diet Containing Diacylglycerol on Bone in C57BL/6J Mice

PURPOSE: In epidemiologic and animal studies, a high fat diet (HFD) has been shown to be associated with lower bone mineral density (BMD) and a higher risk of osteoporotic fractures. Meanwhile, consuming a HFD containing diacylglycerol (DAG) instead of triacylglycerol (TAG) is known to offer metabolically beneficial effects of reductions in body weight and abdominal fat. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a HFD containing DAG (HFD-DAG) on bone in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four-week-old male C57BL/6J mice (n=39) were divided into three weight-matched groups based on diet type: a chow diet group, a HFD containing TAG (HFD-TAG) group, and a HFD-DAG group. After 20 weeks, body composition and bone microstructure were analyzed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and micro-computed tomography. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR of bone marrow cells were performed to investigate the expressions of transcription factors for osteogenesis or adipogenesis. RESULTS: The HFD-DAG group exhibited lower body weight, higher BMD, and superior microstructural bone parameters, compared to the HFD-TAG group. The HFD-DAG group showed increased expression of Runx2 and decreased expression of PPARgamma in bone marrow cells, compared to the HFD-TAG group. The HFD-DAG group also had lower levels of plasma glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, and triglyceride than the HFD-TAG group. CONCLUSION: Compared to HFD-TAG, HFD-DAG showed beneficial effects on bone and bone metabolism in C57BL/6J mice.

Efeito hepatoprotetor do consumo crônico de dieptanoína e trieptanoína contra a esteatose em ratos / Hepatoprotective effect of diheptanoin and tritreptanoin chronic consumption against steatosis in rats

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito do consumo crônico de di e trieptanoínas sobre a esteatose hepática (EH) em ratos. METODOLOGIA: Ratos Wistar submetidos à dieta AIN-93 com 0 por cento, 30 por cento ou 50 por cento de substituição do óleo por óleo rico em di e trieptanoína, grupos TAGC(7)0, TAGC(7)30 e TAGC(7)50, respectivamente, por nove meses. O grupo-controle recebeu ração Labina®. Analisaram-se histologia e provas de função e lesão hepática, glicemia e perfil lipídico sérico. Realizaram-se análise de variância, teste F, teste de Dunnet e análises de regressão uni e multivariadas (p < 0,05). RESULTADOS: TAGC(7)0, TAGC(7)30 e TAGC(7)50 desenvolveram EH; 80 por cento de casos graves no TAGC(7)0 contra 40 por cento no TAGC(7)50. Os pesos absoluto (PAF) e relativo do fígado (PRF) foram maiores em TAGC(7)0 e TAGC(7)30 e a glicemia foi maior em TAGC(7)30 e TAGC(7)50, que no grupo-controle. Colesterol total, LDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c e proteínas totais foram maiores no grupo-controle. O óleo experimental reduziu o PRF e determinou tendência de redução do peso corporal, PAF, percentual de lipídios hepáticos e graus de EH (GHE). As variáveis explicativas para GHE foram peso final, glicemia, albumina, HDL-c, LDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c, VLDL-c e fosfatase alcalina. CONCLUSÕES: Sugere-se que di e trieptanoínas exerçam efeito hepatoprotetor contra a EH, em ratos, em uma feição dose-dependente.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the effect of chronic consumption of di- and triheptanoin on hepatic steatosis (HS) in rats. METHODOLOGY: Wistar rats were submitted to a diet AIN-93 with 0, 30 or 50 percent of its oil substituted with an oil rich in di- and triheptanoin, groups TAGC(7)0, TAGC(7)30 and TAGC(7)50 respectively, for nine months. The control group received Labina®. Liver histology, hepatic lesion and function proofs, glycemia and lipid profile, were performed. Variance analyses, F-test, Dunnet´s test and uni- and multivariate regression analyses were performed (p<0.05). RESULTS: TAGC(7)0, TAGC(7)30 and TAGC(7)50 developed HS; 80 percent of severe cases in TAGC(7)0, as against 40 percent in TAGC(7)50. The absolute (ALW) and relative (RLW) liver weights were higher in TAGC(7)0 and TAGC(7)30, and glycemia was greater in TAGC(7)30 and TAGC(7)50, than in the Control. Total cholesterol, LDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c and total proteins were higher in the Control. The experimental oil reduced RLW and showed a tendency in the reduction of body weight, ALW, percentage of hepatic lipids and the severity of HS. The explanatory variables in relation to HS were final weight, glycemia, albumin, HDL-c, LDL-c, LDL-c/HDL-c, VLDL-c and alkaline phosphatase. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that di- and triheptanoin have a hepatoprotector effect against HS, in rats, in a dose-dependant manner.