Problemas visuales en niños de edad escolar / Visual Impairment in School-Age Children

Introducción: A partir de su formación permanente y continuada, desde la educación en el trabajo, el tecnólogo de la salud en optometría y óptica desarrolla modos de actuación en la atención primaria de salud, mediante la interacción con escuelas de la comunidad, para identificar problemas visuales en niños y contribuir a su rehabilitación, al brindar educación especializada a familias y docentes. Objetivo: Exponer los resultados de una investigación sobre problemas visuales en niños en edad escolar atendidos en el Policlínico Mario Escalona para la socialización de datos que contribuyan a la educación especializada de familias y docentes en la rehabilitación visual. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, desde enero de 2020 hasta abril de 2022, para conocer la incidencia del uso de dispositivos electrónicos en niños en edad escolar atendidos en el Policlínico Mario Escalona. Conformaron el universo 1953 niños. Se valoró el defecto refractivo y el tiempo de uso de los dispositivos electrónicos. Resultados: El astigmatismo miópico fue la ametropía más frecuente, con una incidencia superior al 50 por ciento. En encuestas realizadas a los padres se corroboró el uso desmedido de dispositivos electrónicos. Conclusiones: Como acto de responsabilidad profesional, desde la atención primaria de salud, el tecnólogo de la salud en optometría y óptica debe identificar los problemas visuales en niños en edad escolar y brindar educación especializada a familias y docentes, que contribuya a la rehabilitación visual(AU)

Introduction: From his or her permanent and continuous training, from education at work, the health technologist in Optometry and Optics develops modes of action in primary health care, through interaction with community schools, to identify visual problems in children and contribute to their rehabilitation, by providing specialized education to families and professors. Objective: To present the results of a research on visual problems in school-age children treated at Mario Escalona Polyclinic for the socialization of data that contribute to the specialized education of families and teachers in visual rehabilitation. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out from January 2020 to April 2022, in order to know the incidence of the use of electronic devices in school-age children attended at Policlínico Docente Dr. Mario Escalona Reguera. The universe consisted of 1953 children. The refractive defect and the time of use of electronic devices were assessed. Results: Myopic astigmatism was the most frequent ametropia, with an incidence higher than 50 percent. Surveys of parents corroborated an excessive use of electronic devices. Conclusions: As an act of professional responsibility, from primary health care, the health technologist in Optometry and Peptics should identify visual problems in school-age children, as well as provide specialized education to families and professors, contributing to visual rehabilitation(AU)

Physical activity, sedentary behavior and sleep measured by smartwatch: a scoping review protocol / Atividade física, comportamento sedentário e sono medidos por smartwatch: protocolo de revisão de escopo

The health impacts of physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep are well established; thereby, the identification of instruments to assess and monitor these behaviors at a populational lev-el is relevant. In this context, smartwatches, which are wristwatch-shaped devices equipped with sen-sors, have been identified as alternatives for objectively measuring PA, SB, and sleep. Therefore, this protocol aimed at describing the goals and methods of a scoping review to map the literature on the use of smartwatches to objectively measure PA, SB, and/or sleep across the lifespan (e.g., children, adolescents, adults, and elderly) and in different contexts. Studies will be included if they use smart-watches to objectively measure at least one of the behaviors (PA, SB, and sleep) in children, adoles-cents, adults, and older adults, published after 2013. No language filter will be applied. Searches will be carried out in six databases (Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, Scielo, Health Technology Assessment Database, and Cochrane clinical trials) and two clinical trial repositories. The screening and data extraction will be performed independently by two authors who had previous experience in reviews and technologies. The synthesis of the results will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute framework for extracting the results in scoping reviews. The results can contribute to scientific progress by identifying gaps and research trends, guiding future studies, and informing companies, healthcare professionals, and the general public who use smart-watch as a measurement tool for physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep

Os impactos da atividade física (AF), comportamento sedentário (CS) e sono na saúde são bem estabelecidos, tornando-se relevante identificar instrumentos que permitam avaliar e monitorar esses comportamentos em nível populacional. Nesse contexto, os smartwatches, que são dispositivos em formato de relógio de pulso, com-postos por sensores, tem sido apontado como alternativa para mensurar objetivamente AF, CS e sono. Portanto, o objetivo deste protocolo foi descrever os objetivos e métodos de uma revisão de escopo para mapear a literatura científica sobre o uso de smartwatches para medir objetivamente AF, CS e/ou sono em diferentes populações e contextos. Os estudos serão incluídos se usarem smartwatches para medir objetivamente pelo menos um dos comportamentos (AF, CS e sono) em crianças, adolescentes, adultos e idosos, publicados após 2013. Nenhum filtro de idioma será aplicado. As buscas serão realizadas em sete bases de dados (Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore Digital Library, Scielo, LILACS, Health Technology Assessment Database e Cochrane Clinical Trials) e dois repositórios de ensaios clínicos. A triagem e extração dos dados serão realizadas de forma independente por dois autores com experiência prévia em revisões e tecnologias. A síntese dos resultados seguirá o framework do Joanna Briggs Institute para extração dos resultados nas revisões de escopo. Os resultados podem contribuir para o progresso científico, identificando lacunas e tendências de pesquisa, orientando futuros estudos, empresas que atuam neste mercado, profissionais de saúde e o público em geral que utilizam smartwatch como um instrumento de medição para atividade física, comportamento sedentário e sono

Implementation of different strategies of the "ActTeens" intervention for adolescents: a process evaluation / Implementação das diferentes estratégias da intervenção "ActTeens" para adolescentes: uma avaliação do processo

Multicomponent programs to promote physical activity have shown promise to help adolescents to increase physical activity levels. Although evaluation of the intervention implementation process is important, information about this evaluation is rarely reported. This observational study aimed to evaluate the implementation of a 12-week physical activity intervention program for adolescents. The ActTeens program consists of three components: (1) structured physical activity sessions; (2) self-monitoring associated with daily goal setting; (3) healthy lifestyle messages (mHealth). The evaluation of the process was carried out through observations and self-reported information from the students. Fifty-one adolescents (37.5% girls) answered the questionnaire. Overall, the reach was 73.3%, retention rate 96.3%, and satisfaction with the intervention was high (score 5). The structured sessions presented high fidelity, and good acceptability among adolescents, with an average attend-ance rate of 93.7%. Participants rated the sessions as enjoyable and the teacher's role as excellent. Adherence to self-monitoring (goal setting with a pedometer) was moderate and 57.8% of adoles-cents reported using the device daily. In addition, adolescents reported that the use of a pedometer increased their motivation to practice physical activity (72.4%). Satisfaction with the messages was considered low, with only 37.8% agreeing that the messages promoted the adoption of a healthy lifestyle. In conclusion, the structured sessions and the self-monitoring showed good acceptability among adolescents, and these strategies were considered relevant to promote a more physically active lifestyle. However, the component mHealth, when used as a single strategy, did not aid the adoption of healthy behavior

Programas multicomponentes para promoção da atividade física têm se mostrado promissores para auxiliar os adolescentes a aumentar seus níveis de atividade física. Embora a avaliação do processo de implementação da intervenção seja importante, informações sobre esta avaliação raramente são relatadas. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a implementação de um programa de intervenção de atividade física de 12 sema-nas para adolescentes. O programa ActTeens consiste de três componentes principais: (1) sessões estruturadas de atividade física; (2) auto-monitoramento associado com estabelecimento de metas diárias; (3) orientações sobre um estilo de vida saudável (mHealth). A avalição do processo foi por meio de observações e informações autorreferidas dos alunos. Cinquenta e um adolescentes (37,5% meninas) responderam o questionário. No geral, o alcance foi de 73,3%, a taxa de retenção 96,3% e satisfação com a intervenção foi alta (escore 5). As sessões estruturadas tiveram alta fidelidade, boa aceitabilidade entre os adolescentes com a frequência média de participação de 93,7% por aula. Os participantes classificaram as sessões como prazerosas e o papel do pro-fessor como excelente. A aderência ao automonitoramento (estabelecimento de metas com pedômetro) foi mode-rada e 57,8% dos adolescentes relataram usar o dispositivo diariamente. Além disso, os adolescentes relataram que o uso do pedômetro aumentou a motivação para a prática de atividade física (72,4%). A satisfação com as mensagens por aplicativo foi considerada baixa, sendo que apenas 37,8% concordaram que as mensagens promoveram a adoção de um estilo de vida saudável. Em conclusão, as sessões estruturadas e o uso do pedô-metro para automonitoramento mostraram boa aceitabilidade entre os adolescentes, e estas estratégias foram consideradas relevantes para promover um estilo de vida fisicamente mais ativo. Entretanto, o componente mHealth, quando usado como uma estratégia única, não auxiliou na adoção de um comportamento saudável

Wearable sensing, big data technology for cardiovascular healthcare: current status and future prospective / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Wearable technology, which can continuously and remotely monitor physiological and behavioral parameters by incorporated into clothing or worn as an accessory, introduces a new era for ubiquitous health care. With big data technology, wearable data can be analyzed to help long-term cardiovascular care. This review summarizes the recent developments of wearable technology related to cardiovascular care, highlighting the most common wearable devices and their accuracy. We also examined the application of these devices in cardiovascular healthcare, such as the early detection of arrhythmias, measuring blood pressure, and detecting prevalent diabetes. We provide an overview of the challenges that hinder the widespread application of wearable devices, such as inadequate device accuracy, data redundancy, concerns associated with data security, and lack of meaningful criteria, and offer potential solutions. Finally, the future research direction for cardiovascular care using wearable devices is discussed.

Exploratory study on quantitative analysis of nocturnal breathing patterns in patients with acute heart failure based on wearable devices / 生物医学工程学杂志

Patients with acute heart failure (AHF) often experience dyspnea, and monitoring and quantifying their breathing patterns can provide reference information for disease and prognosis assessment. In this study, 39 AHF patients and 24 healthy subjects were included. Nighttime chest-abdominal respiratory signals were collected using wearable devices, and the differences in nocturnal breathing patterns between the two groups were quantitatively analyzed. Compared with the healthy group, the AHF group showed a higher mean breathing rate (BR_mean) [(21.03 ± 3.84) beat/min vs. (15.95 ± 3.08) beat/min, P < 0.001], and larger R_RSBI_cv [70.96% (54.34%-104.28)% vs. 58.48% (45.34%-65.95)%, P = 0.005], greater AB_ratio_cv [(22.52 ± 7.14)% vs. (17.10 ± 6.83)%, P = 0.004], and smaller SampEn (0.67 ± 0.37 vs. 1.01 ± 0.29, P < 0.001). Additionally, the mean inspiratory time (TI_mean) and expiration time (TE_mean) were shorter, TI_cv and TE_cv were greater. Furthermore, the LBI_cv was greater, while SD1 and SD2 on the Poincare plot were larger in the AHF group, all of which showed statistically significant differences. Logistic regression calibration revealed that the TI_mean reduction was a risk factor for AHF. The BR_ mean demonstrated the strongest ability to distinguish between the two groups, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.846. Parameters such as breathing period, amplitude, coordination, and nonlinear parameters effectively quantify abnormal breathing patterns in AHF patients. Specifically, the reduction in TI_mean serves as a risk factor for AHF, while the BR_mean distinguishes between the two groups. These findings have the potential to provide new information for the assessment of AHF patients.

Applications and challenges of wearable electroencephalogram signals in depression recognition and personalized music intervention / 生物医学工程学杂志

Rapid and accurate identification and effective non-drug intervention are the worldwide challenges in the field of depression. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals contain rich quantitative markers of depression, but whole-brain EEG signals acquisition process is too complicated to be applied on a large-scale population. Based on the wearable frontal lobe EEG monitoring device developed by the authors' laboratory, this study discussed the application of wearable EEG signal in depression recognition and intervention. The technical principle of wearable EEG signals monitoring device and the commonly used wearable EEG devices were introduced. Key technologies for wearable EEG signals-based depression recognition and the existing technical limitations were reviewed and discussed. Finally, a closed-loop brain-computer music interface system for personalized depression intervention was proposed, and the technical challenges were further discussed. This review paper may contribute to the transformation of relevant theories and technologies from basic research to application, and further advance the process of depression screening and personalized intervention.

Artificial intelligence in wearable electrocardiogram monitoring / 生物医学工程学杂志

Electrocardiogram (ECG) monitoring owns important clinical value in diagnosis, prevention and rehabilitation of cardiovascular disease (CVD). With the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT), big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence (AI) and other advanced technologies, wearable ECG is playing an increasingly important role. With the aging process of the population, it is more and more urgent to upgrade the diagnostic mode of CVD. Using AI technology to assist the clinical analysis of long-term ECGs, and thus to improve the ability of early detection and prediction of CVD has become an important direction. Intelligent wearable ECG monitoring needs the collaboration between edge and cloud computing. Meanwhile, the clarity of medical scene is conducive for the precise implementation of wearable ECG monitoring. This paper first summarized the progress of AI-related ECG studies and the current technical orientation. Then three cases were depicted to illustrate how the AI in wearable ECG cooperate with the clinic. Finally, we demonstrated the two core issues-the reliability and worth of AI-related ECG technology and prospected the future opportunities and challenges.

Design of flexible wearable sensing systems / 生物医学工程学杂志

The aging population and the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases in the elderly have brought a significant economic burden to families and society. The non-invasive wearable sensing system can continuously and real-time monitor important physiological signs of the human body and evaluate health status. In addition, it can provide efficient and convenient information feedback, thereby reducing the health risks caused by chronic diseases in the elderly. A wearable system for detecting physiological and behavioral signals was developed in this study. We explored the design of flexible wearable sensing technology and its application in sensing systems. The wearable system included smart hats, smart clothes, smart gloves, and smart insoles, achieving long-term continuous monitoring of physiological and motion signals. The performance of the system was verified, and the new sensing system was compared with commercial equipment. The evaluation results demonstrated that the proposed system presented a comparable performance with the existing system. In summary, the proposed flexible sensor system provides an accurate, detachable, expandable, user-friendly and comfortable solution for physiological and motion signal monitoring. It is expected to be used in remote healthcare monitoring and provide personalized information monitoring, disease prediction, and diagnosis for doctors/patients.

Application of electronic skin in healthcare and virtual reality / 生物医学工程学杂志

Electronic skin has shown great application potential in many fields such as healthcare monitoring and human-machine interaction due to their excellent sensing performance, mechanical properties and biocompatibility. This paper starts from the materials selection and structures design of electronic skin, and summarizes their different applications in the field of healthcare equipment, especially current development status of wearable sensors with different functions, as well as the application of electronic skin in virtual reality. The challenges of electronic skin in the field of wearable devices and healthcare, as well as our corresponding strategies, are discussed to provide a reference for further advancing the research of electronic skin.

Development of intelligent monitoring system based on Internet of Things and wearable technology and exploration of its clinical application mode / 生物医学工程学杂志

Wearable monitoring, which has the advantages of continuous monitoring for a long time with low physiological and psychological load, represents a future development direction of monitoring technology. Based on wearable physiological monitoring technology, combined with Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence technology, this paper has developed an intelligent monitoring system, including wearable hardware, ward Internet of Things platform, continuous physiological data analysis algorithm and software. We explored the clinical value of continuous physiological data using this system through a lot of clinical practices. And four value points were given, namely, real-time monitoring, disease assessment, prediction and early warning, and rehabilitation training. Depending on the real clinical environment, we explored the mode of applying wearable technology in general ward monitoring, cardiopulmonary rehabilitation, and integrated monitoring inside and outside the hospital. The research results show that this monitoring system can be effectively used for monitoring of patients in hospital, evaluation and training of patients' cardiopulmonary function, and management of patients outside hospital.

Wearable devices: Perspectives on assessing and monitoring human physiological status / 生物医学工程学杂志

This review article aims to explore the major challenges that the healthcare system is currently facing and propose a new paradigm shift that harnesses the potential of wearable devices and novel theoretical frameworks on health and disease. Lifestyle-induced diseases currently account for a significant portion of all healthcare spending, with this proportion projected to increase with population aging. Wearable devices have emerged as a key technology for implementing large-scale healthcare systems focused on disease prevention and management. Advancements in miniaturized sensors, system integration, the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, 5G, and other technologies have enabled wearable devices to perform high-quality measurements comparable to medical devices. Through various physical, chemical, and biological sensors, wearable devices can continuously monitor physiological status information in a non-invasive or minimally invasive way, including electrocardiography, electroencephalography, respiration, blood oxygen, blood pressure, blood glucose, activity, and more. Furthermore, by combining concepts and methods from complex systems and nonlinear dynamics, we developed a novel theory of continuous dynamic physiological signal analysis-dynamical complexity. The results of dynamic signal analyses can provide crucial information for disease prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and management. Wearable devices can also serve as an important bridge connecting doctors and patients by tracking, storing, and sharing patient data with medical institutions, enabling remote or real-time health assessments of patients, and providing a basis for precision medicine and personalized treatment. Wearable devices have a promising future in the healthcare field and will be an important driving force for the transformation of the healthcare system, while also improving the health experience for individuals.

A design and evaluation of wearable p300 brain-computer interface system based on Hololens2 / 生物医学工程学杂志

Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS ) often have difficulty in expressing their intentions through language and behavior, which prevents them from communicating properly with the outside world and seriously affects their quality of life. The brain-computer interface (BCI) has received much attention as an aid for ALS patients to communicate with the outside world, but the heavy device causes inconvenience to patients in the application process. To improve the portability of the BCI system, this paper proposed a wearable P300-speller brain-computer interface system based on the augmented reality (MR-BCI). This system used Hololens2 augmented reality device to present the paradigm, an OpenBCI device to capture EEG signals, and Jetson Nano embedded computer to process the data. Meanwhile, to optimize the system's performance for character recognition, this paper proposed a convolutional neural network classification method with low computational complexity applied to the embedded system for real-time classification. The results showed that compared with the P300-speller brain-computer interface system based on the computer screen (CS-BCI), MR-BCI induced an increase in the amplitude of the P300 component, an increase in accuracy of 1.7% and 1.4% in offline and online experiments, respectively, and an increase in the information transfer rate of 0.7 bit/min. The MR-BCI proposed in this paper achieves a wearable BCI system based on guaranteed system performance. It has a positive effect on the realization of the clinical application of BCI.

Design and Research of Wearable Fall Protection Device for the Elderly / 中国医疗器械杂志

A protective device was designed that can be worn on the elderly, which consists of protective airbag, control box and protective mechanism. The combined acceleration, combined angular velocity and human posture angle are selected as the parameters to determine the fall, and the threshold algorithm and SVM algorithm are used to detect the fall. The protective mechanism is an inflatable device based on CO2 compressed air cylinder, and the equal-width cam structure is applied to its transmission part to improve the puncture efficiency of the compressed gas cylinder. A fall experiment was designed to obtain the combined acceleration and angular velocity eigenvalues of fall actions (forward fall, backward fall and lateral fall) and daily activities (sitting-standing, walking, jogging and walking up and down stairs), showing that the specificity and sensitivity of the protection module reached 92.1% and 84.4% respectively, which verified the feasibility of the fall protection device.

Alertas en salud sobre el uso de los dispositivos electrónicos y su impacto en el bienestar visual / Health alerts on the use of electronic devices and their impact on visual well-being

Introducción: El incremento del empleo de los dispositivos electrónicos en las actividades de estudio, trabajo, entretenimiento e interacción social desde las plataformas digitales deriva numerosos riesgos y causas de problemas visuales y defectos refractivos. La prevalencia de estos puede conllevar a considerarlos como problemas de salud a nivel global. Objetivo: Describir los riesgos y las repercusiones del uso excesivo de los dispositivos electrónicos en la salud visual a cualquier edad. Métodos: El método de revisión bibliográfica y la sistematización de resultados investigativos de diversos autores posibilitan identificar los riesgos y la repercusión del uso excesivo de los dispositivos electrónicos sobre la salud visual, así como las recomendaciones para afrontar esa realidad. Resultados: La sistematización permite demostrar cómo incide el uso de los dispositivos electrónicos en la elevada prevalencia de trastornos oculares y visuales, como el síndrome visual informático y la miopía en la población mundial actualmente. Conclusiones: Entre los riesgos y las repercusiones del uso excesivo de los dispositivos electrónicos sobre la salud visual, señalados por varios autores, se describieron factores ópticos y ambientales que inciden en la aparición de trastornos como la visión tubular, el síndrome visual informático, además de los defectos refractivos como la miopía, considerados problemas de salud a nivel global en la actualidad(AU)

Introduction: The increase in the use of electronic devices in study, work, entertainment and social interaction activities from digital platforms derives numerous risks and causes of visual problems and refractive defects. The prevalence of these can lead to consider them as global health problems. Objective: To describe the risks and repercussions of excessive use of electronic devices on visual health to prevent eye problems at any age. Methods: The bibliographic review method and the systematization of research results from various authors make it possible to identify the risks and repercussions of the excessive use of electronic devices on visual health, as well as the recommendations to face this reality. Results: The systematization allows us to demonstrate how the use of electronic devices affects the high prevalence of eye and visual disorders, such as computer vision syndrome and myopia in the world population today. Conclusions: The excessive use of electronic devices has caused visual problems and refractive errors globally. An act of responsibility is imposed to inform and raise awareness about the damage to eye health and its harmful effects(AU)

Wearable technology for electrocardiogram and vectocardiogram using the Dower Transformation / Tecnologia vestível para exames de eletrocardiograma e vetocardiograma utilizando a transformada de Dower / Tecnología vestible para exámenes de electrocardiograma y vetocardiograma utilizando de la transformada de Dower

Objectives: Thousands of people suffer from cardiovascular diseases. Even though the electrocardiogram is an exam consolidated. The lack of methodological observation in the placement of sensors can compromise the results. This article proposes a wearable vest capable of conditioning cardiac signals from three simultaneous channels, reducing the chance of failures in the exam due to the smaller number of electrodes attached to the patient's body. Methods: It adds the vectorcardiogram technique to the electrocardiogram wearable, which consists of three orthonormal derivations Vx, Vy, and Vz, measuring dynamic components of the heart vector. Results: The display of the cardiac biopotential in the web-mobile application represents the visualization of the twelve derivations synthesized from the Dower transform and the spatial projections of the cardiac loop under a three-dimensional view. Conclusion: Feasibility of integrating the vectorcardiogram with the electrocardiogram exam.

Objetivos: Milhares de pessoas sofrem com doenças cardiovasculares, apesar do Eletrocardiograma ser um exame consolidado, a falta de observação metodológica na colocação dos sensores pode comprometer os resultados. O presente artigo propõe um colete vestível capaz de condicionar sinais cardíacos de três canais simultâneos, reduzindo a chance de falhas na execução do exame em função da menor quantidade de eletrodos fixados ao corpo do paciente. Métodos: Acrescenta a técnica do vetocardiograma ao vestível de eletrocardiograma, que consiste em três derivações ortonormais Vx, Vy e Vz, medindo componentes dinâmicos do vetor coração. Resultados: Exibição do biopotencial cardíaco na aplicação web-mobile representa de forma satisfatória a visualização das doze derivações sintetizadas a partir da transformada de Dower, bem como, as projeções espaciais do loop cardíaco sob uma visão tridimensional. Conclusão: Viabilidade de integração do vetocardiograma ao exame de eletrocardiograma.

Objetivos: Miles de personas padecen enfermedades cardiovasculares, a pesar de que el electrocardiograma es un examen consolidado, la falta de observación metodológica en la colocación de sensores puede comprometer los resultados. Este artículo propone una tecnología vestible capaz de acondicionar las señales cardíacas de tres canales simultáneos, reduciendo la posibilidad de fallas en el examen por la menor cantidad de electrodos adheridos al cuerpo del paciente. Métodos: Agrega la técnica del vetocardiograma al electrocardiograma vestible, que consta de tres derivaciones ortonormales Vx, Vy y Vz, midiendo los componentes dinámicos del vector cardíaco. Resultados: La visualización del biopotencial cardíaco en la aplicación web-móvil representa satisfactoriamente la visualización de las doce derivaciones sintetizadas a partir de la transformada de Dower, así como las proyecciones espaciales del bucle cardíaco bajo una vista tridimensional. Conclusión: Viabilidad de integrar el vetocardiograma con el examen electrocardiográfico.

Mechanical Design and Research of Wearable Exoskeleton Assisted Robot for Upper Limb Rehabilitation / 中国医疗器械杂志

Based on the biomechanical mechanism of human upper limb, the disadvantages of traditional rehabilitation training and the current status of upper limb rehabilitation robot, a six degree of freedom, flexible adjustment, wearable upper limb rehabilitation exoskeleton design scheme is proposed. Firstly, the mechanics of each joint of the upper limb is analyzed, and the virtual prototype design of the whole mechanical structure of the upper limb rehabilitation wearable exoskeleton is carried out by using CATIA three-dimensional software. The tooth transmission of the forearm and the upper arm single row four point contact ball bearing with internal/external rotation and the shoulder flexible passive adjustment mechanism (viscoelastic damper) are innovatively designed. Then, the joints of the upper limb rehabilitation exoskeleton are analyzed, theoretical analysis and calculation of the driving torque, the selection of the motor and gearbox of each driving joint are carried out. Finally, the whole finite element analysis of the upper limb exoskeleton is carried out. The research and experimental results showed that the design scheme of the upper limb exoskeleton assist structure is highly feasible, which can help the patients with upper limb paralysis and motor dysfunction self-rehabilitation.

Application and research of smart wearable devices for heart and brain diseases related to high altitude / 生物医学工程学杂志

Smart wearable devices play an increasingly important role in physiological monitoring and disease prevention because they are portable, real-time, dynamic and continuous.The popularization of smart wearable devices among people under high-altitude environment would be beneficial for the prevention for heart and brain diseases related to high altitude. The current review comprehensively elucidates the effects of high-altitude environment on the heart and brain of different population and experimental subjects, the characteristics and applications of different types of wearable devices, and the limitations and challenges for their application. By emphasizing their application values, this review provides practical reference information for the prevention of high-altitude disease and the protection of life and health.

Heartbeat-aware convolutional neural network for R-peak detection of wearable device ECG data / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To develop a method for R-peak detection of ECG data from wearable devices to allow accurate estimation of the physiological parameters including heart rate and heart rate variability.@*METHODS@#A fully convolutional neural network was applied to predict the R-peak heatmap of ECG data and locate the R-peak positions. The heartbeat-aware (HA) module was introduced to enable the model to learn to predict the heartbeat number and R-peak heatmap simultaneously, thereby improving the capability of the model for extraction of the global context. The R-R interval estimated by the predicted heartbeat number was adopted to calculate the minimum horizontal distance for peak positioning. To achieve real-time R-peak detection on mobile devices, the deep separable convolution was adopted to reduce the number of parameters and the computational complexity of the model.@*RESULTS@#The proposed model was trained only with ECG data from wearable devices. At a tolerance window interval of 150 ms, the proposed method achieved R peak detection sensitivities of 100% for both wearable device ECG dataset and a public dataset (i.e. LUDB), and the true positivity rates exceeded 99.9%. As for the ECG signal of a 10 s duration, the CPU time of the proposed method for R-peak detection was about 23.2 ms.@*CONCLUSION@#The proposed method has good performance for R-peak detection of both wearable device ECG data and routine ECG data and also allows real-time R-peak detection of the ECG data.

Development of a Wireless Wearable Body Temperature Measurement System Based on NTC / 中国医疗器械杂志

Body temperature is an important physiological parameter of the human body and is used in medicine to reflect the physiological state and health status of the human body. At present, the commonly used clinical thermometers on the market are mainly divided into contact and non-contact types. Most of them are used for rapid body temperature measurement, and it is not easy to monitor body temperature changes in real time. This article introduces a new wearable wireless body temperature monitoring system based on NTC, which senses through NTC. The temperature changes are amplified and filtered, zeroed, and calibrated, and then the temperature data is uploaded to the mobile phone APP via Bluetooth in real time to achieve real-time accurate measurement of body temperature.

Research on simulation and optimal design of a miniature magnetorheological fluid damper used in wearable rehabilitation training system / 生物医学工程学杂志

The goal of this paper is to solve the problems of large volume, slow dynamic response and poor intelligent controllability of traditional gait rehabilitation training equipment by using the characteristic that the shear yield strength of magnetorheological fluid changes with the applied magnetic field strength. Based on the extended Bingham model, the main structural parameters of the magnetorheological fluid damper and its output force were simulated and optimized by using scientific computing software, and the three-dimensional modeling of the damper was carried out after the size was determined. On this basis and according to the design and use requirements of the damper, the finite element analysis software was used for force analysis, strength check and topology optimization of the main force components. Finally, a micro magnetorheological fluid damper suitable for wearable rehabilitation training system was designed, which has reference value for the design of lightweight, portable and intelligent rehabilitation training equipment.