Exploring obstetrical interventions and stratified cesarean section rates using the Robson classification in tertiary Care hospitals in the united arab emirates

Abstract Objective The objective of the present study was to explore obstetric management in relation to clinical, maternal and child health outcomes by using the Robson classification system. Methods Data was collected from obstetrics registries in tertiary care hospitals in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Results The analysis of > 5,400 deliveries (60% of all the deliveries in 2016) in major maternity hospitals in Dubai showed that groups 5, 8 and 9 of Robson's classification were the largest contributors to the overall cesarean section (CS) rate and accounted for 30% of the total CS rate. The results indicate that labor was spontaneous in 2,221 (45%) of the women and was augmented or induced in almost 1,634 cases (33%). The birth indication rate was of 64% for normal vaginal delivery, of 24% for emergency CS, and of 9% for elective CS.The rate of vaginal birth after cesarean was 261(6%), the rate of external cephalic version was 28 (0.7%), and the rate of induction was 1,168 (21.4%). The prevalence of the overall Cesarean section was 33%; with majority (53.5%) of it being repeated Cesarean section. Conclusion The CS rate in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is higher than the global average rate and than the average rate in Asia, which highlights the need for more education of pregnant women and of their physicians in order to promote vaginal birth. A proper planning is needed to reduce the number of CSs in nulliparous women in order to prevent repeated CSs in the future. Monitoring both CS rates and outcomes is essential to ensure that policies, practices, and actions for the optimization of the utilization of CS lead to improved maternal and infant outcomes.

Protocolos de Vigilancia de las embarazadas y muertes en mujeres en edad fértil para la identificación de muerte materna. No. 13 / Surveillance protocols for pregnant women and deaths in women of childbearing age for the identification of maternal death. No. 13

Estos protocolos están dirigido a personal médico, paramédico y otros profesionales que realizan acciones gerenciales y operativas de vigilancia epidemiológica en los servicios de salud del país, y están divididos en varios tomos para dar a conocer y actualizar la identificación y medidas de control para diversos padecimientos a fin de continuar con el mejoramiento de las capacidades técnicas de los trabajadores de salud, que permita planificar la prestación de servicios con decisiones partiendo de un enfoque epidemiológico comprobado, para responder a los cambios de tendencias epidemiológicas y con ello contribuir al fortalecimiento de prácticas asertivas de la salud pública de nuestro país. Este protocolo, considera que, toda embarazada se considera de riesgo, sin embargo existen condiciones que hacen necesaria una vigilancia más estrecha entre las edades tempranas y tardías de la vida reproductiva, embarazos múltiples, antecedentes de afecciones previas y durante el embarazo. La identificación de factores que puedan incidir en un aumento de riesgo obstétrico que pueda desencadenar complicaciones y en el peor de los casos la muerte, se constituye en prioridad para el desarrollo de estrategias de vigilancia y atención en el país. Su objetivo es el de identificar embarazadas en condiciones de riesgo que ameriten vigilancia más estrecha o referencia oportuna a un servicio con mejor capacidad resolutiva. Y específicamente, registrar y analizar las variables epidemiológicas de las embarazadas

Resultado perinatal de embarazos gemelares atendidos en dos instituciones de alta complejidad en Bogotá, Colombia / Perinatal outcome of twin pregnancies attended in two highly complex institutions in Bogotá, Colombia

INTRODUCCIÓN: Los embarazos múltiples presentan riesgos de diferente naturaleza, frecuencia y severidad, debido a su comportamiento fisiopatológico particular según las características placentarias, impactando directamente en los resultados perinatales. OBJETIVO: Evaluar los resultados perinatales en embarazos ge-melares teniendo en cuenta las características maternas, el resultado obstétrico, la morbilidad y mortalidad fetal y neonatal. MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo de los resultados perinatales de embarazos gemelares en dos instituciones con presencia de grupo de medicina materno fetal, por medio de revisión de historias clínicas maternas y neonatales entre enero de 2009 y diciembre de 2012. RESULTADOS: El promedio de edad materna fue 28,6 ± 6 años, se incluyeron 438 gestantes y 885 gemelos de un total de 490 gestaciones múltiples, con nacimiento a las 34 ± 4,1 semanas de edad gestacional. Se presentó morbilidad neonatal severa en 127 casos (14,3%), mortalidad neonatal temprana en 18 casos (2%), admisión a la Unidad de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal en 282 casos (31,8%), la causa de ingreso más frecuente fueron las complicaciones respiratorias en 275 casos (31%). CONCLUSIONES: Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que el embarazo múltiple en nuestro medio, está asociado a complicaciones maternas, fetales, y neonatales, similar a lo reportado en la literatura, siendo mayores en los embarazos monocoriales biamnióticos. Se enfatiza en los embarazos múltiples, el cuidado prenatal, durante el nacimiento y postnatal, con el fin de mejorar los resultados tanto maternos como perinatales.

INTRODUCTION: The risk of multiple pregnancies experience different nature, frequency, and severity, given its particular pathophysiological behavior as placental characteristics, directly impacting perinatal outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate perinatal outcomes in twin pregnancies taking into account maternal characteristics, obstetric outcome, morbidity and fetal and neonatal mortality. METHODS: Descriptive study of perinatal outcome of twin pregnancies in two institutions with presence of maternal fetal medicine group, through review of maternal and neonatal medical records between January 2009 and December 2012. RESULTS: The mean maternal age was 28.6 ± 6 years, 438 pregnant women and 885 twins of a total of 490 multiple pregnancies were included, with birth at 34 ± 4.1 weeks gestational age. Severe neonatal morbidity in 127 cases (14.3 %), early neonatal mortality in 18 cases (2%), admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in 282 cases (31.8%), the cause was submitted admission were more frequent respiratory complications in 275 cases (31%). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that multiple pregnancies in our environment, is associated with maternal, fetal, and neonatal complications, similar to that reported in the literature, being higher in monochorionic diamniotic pregnancies. So should emphasize prenatal care, during childbirth and postnatal care in multiple pregnancies, in order to improve both maternal and perinatal outcomes.

Changes in the Cesarean Section Rate in Korea (1982-2012) and a Review of the Associated Factors

Although Cesarean section (CS) itself has contributed to the reduction in maternal and perinatal mortality, an undue rise in the CS rate (CSR) has been issued in Korea as well as globally. The CSR in Korea increased over the past two decades, but has remained at approximately 36% since 2006. Contributing factors associated with the CSR in Korea were an improvement in socio-economic status, a higher maternal age, a rise in multiple pregnancies, and maternal obesity. We found that countries with a no-fault compensation system maintained a lower CSR compared to that in countries with civil action, indicating the close relationship between the CSR and the medico-legal system within a country. The Korean government has implemented strategies including an incentive system relating to the CSR or encouraging vaginal birth after Cesarean to decrease CSR, but such strategies have proved ineffective. To optimize the CSR in Korea, efforts on lowering the maternal childbearing age or reducing maternal obesity are needed at individual level. And from a national view point, reforming health care system, which could encourage the experienced obstetricians to be trained properly and be relieved from legal pressure with deliveries is necessary.

Mortalidad perinatal en gestaciones múltiples: Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, España: 2000-2009 / Perinatal mortality in multiple pregnancies: Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, España: 2000-2009

Objetivos: Evaluar la mortalidad perinatal (MP) de las gestaciones múltiples del Hospital Miguel Servet de Zaragoza (2000-2009). Método: Análisis, sobre un total de 44.401 recién nacidos (RN) >500 gramos, de 92 nacidos muertos ó fallecidos antes de los 28 días de vida procedentes de gestaciones múltiples. Los datos se recogieron en un formulario siguiendo las recomendaciones de la FIGO y la novena Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades (CIE). Resultados: La MP ampliada global fue de 40,42/1000 nacidos. Analizada por el número de RN, la MP de los embarazos gemelares fue 34,65/1000 nacidos y la de las gestaciones triples 80,65/1000. La mortalidad fetal fue 11,86/1000 nacidos y la neonatal (MN) 28,56/1000 nacidos vivos. La MP estándar fue 14,06/1000. Esta MP constituye el 22,89 por ciento de la MP total del Hospital, y la MN de los múltiples el 35,33 por ciento de la mortalidad neonatal total. Un 97,83 por ciento fueron pretérminos; 72,83 por ciento fueron <1000 gramos y 88,05 por ciento <1500 gramos. La causa última fue inmadurez extrema, <1000 gramos (72,83 por ciento). Hubo un 18,48 por ciento de rotura prematura (RPM) de membranas, 17,39 por ciento de partos pretérminos espontáneos sin otra causa aparente, y 13,04 por ciento de malformaciones congénitas y cromosomopatías. Conclusión: La MP en múltiples está gravada por la prematuridad, y el bajo peso extremo. La MP de ambos gemelos ocurre en el bajo peso extremo (87,50 por ciento <1000 gramos), y sus causas más frecuentes son RPM (21,88 por ciento) con corioam-nionitis (12,50 por ciento) y el síndrome de transfusión feto-fetal (18,76 por ciento).

Objective: To evaluate Hospital Miguel Servet perinatal mortality (PM) in multiple pregnancies (2000-2009), valuing its evolution and distribution according to gestational age and birth weight. Maternal and fetal causes are analized. Methods: 44,401 newborns of >500 grams or 22 weeks gestational age, were studied. The total number of perinatal deaths in multiple pregnancies was 92 containing late neonatal deaths (to 28 days of live). The data for each case of perinatal mortality were recorded in a form following FIGO recommendations and the 9th International Classification Diseases. Results: Extended PM rate in multiple pregnancies was 40.42/1000 newborns, PM in twins was 34.65/1000, and in triplet births 80.65/1000. Fetal mortality was 11.86/1000 newborns and neonatal mortality 28.56/1000 live births. Standard PM was 14.06/1000 newborns. The MP of the multiple pregnancies was the 22.89 percent of total MP, and multiple pregnancies neonatal mortality 35.33 percent of total neonatal mortality. According to gestational age, 97.83 percent were preterm deliveries (90 newborns). Considering birth weights, 72.83 percent were extremely low birth weight (<1000 grams), and 88.05 percent were <1500 grams. Main cause of death was extreme immaturity (<1000 grams). Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) was presented in 18.48 percent, of the cases, spontaneous preterm labor without apparent cause in 17.39 percent, and congenital malformations and chromosomopaties (13.04 percent). Conclusions: PM in multiple pregnancies is encumbered by prematurity and extremely low birth weight. PM in both twins was associated with extremely low birth weight (87.50 percent < 1000 grams), and main causes of death were PROM (21.88 percent) with chorioamnionitis (12.50 percent), and twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (18.76 percent).

¿Existe un aumento de los nacimientos en Chile en el período 2000-2009?: análisis de los principales indicadores materno-infantiles de la década / Trend in annual live birth in Chile between 2000 and 2009

Objetivo. Describir la tendencia en los nacimientos y los principales indicadores materno-infantiles en Chile desde el año 2000 al 2009. Método. Se realiza un análisis descriptivo de la información obtenida desde el Ministerio de Salud de Chile para el período estudiado. Resultados. Durante el período estudiado nacen aproximadamente 2.400.000 personas, se observa un significativo aumento en su número a partir del año 2004 al 2009 (+9,7 por ciento). Las tasas de mortalidad neonatal precoz, tardía, post neonatal e infantil fueron de 3,86; 1,18; 2,54 y 7,58 por 1000 nacidos vivos durante el año 2009, presentado un porcentaje de disminución de un 13,5; 8,4; 16,2; 13,7 por ciento respectivamente en comparación al año 2000. La mortalidad materna disminuyó en un 13,2 por ciento desde 19,7 a 17,1 por cien mil nacimientos en el mismo período. La prematurez (<37s) incrementa significativamente en un 20,82 por ciento (de 5,96 a 7,2 por ciento). El mayor cambio se observa entre las 32-33 y 34-36 semanas (aumento de un 18 por ciento y 32 por ciento, respectivamente). El porcentaje de nacimientos múltiples (dos) aumento significativamente en un 11 por ciento, desde 1,66 a 1,84 por cien nacimientos. Conclusión. Durante el período estudiado se observa un aumento significativo de los nacimientos totales, del porcentaje de primigestas y de madres sobre 40 años. Se presenta un aumento de la prematurez, del bajo peso al nacer y del porcentaje de embarazos múltiples. Los cambios observados se asocian aun a una mejoría de los indicadores neonatales.

Objective. To describe the trend in annual live birth in Chile between 2000 and 2009, as well as the main descriptive statistics and health indicators associated. Methods. We performed a descriptive analysis form the database provided by the Department of Statistics and Information of the Chilean Ministry of Health. Data of 2.400.000 deliveries were analyzed from 2000 and 2009. We analyzed live births, maternal, fetal, infant mortality, as well as main descriptive characteristics by year. Results. The total of live births in Chile has progressively increased after the year 2005 until 2009 (+ 9.7 percent). The early neonatal, late neonatal, post neonatal mortality and mortality infant were 3.86, 1.18, 2.54 and 7.58 per 1000 live births in 2009, showing a decrease of 13.5; 8.4; 16.2; 13.7 percent respectively compared to 2000. Maternal mortality declined a 13.2 percent from 19.7 to 17.1 x 100.000 births in the same period. Prematurity (<37weeks) increased significantly in a 20.82 percent (5.96 percent to 7.2 percent). The biggest change is observed at late preterm birth 32-33 and 34-36 weeks (increase of 18 percent and 32 percent respectively). The rate of multiple births (two) significantly increased also in a 11 percent, from 1.66 to 1.84 x 100.000 birth. Conclusion. During the study period, a significant increase of total births, the percentage of primipare and mothers over 40 years was observed. It's also shown an increase in prematurity, low birth weight and the percentage of multiple pregnancies. The observed changes are associated with improved neonatal indicators.

Perinatal outcome of twin pregnancies delivered in a teaching hospital / Resultado perinatal de gestações gemelares com parto em hospital universitário

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the perinatal outcome of twin pregnancies delivered in a tertiary teaching hospital according to chorionicity. METHODS: A retrospective study involving 289 twin pregnancies delivered from January 2003 to December 2006 was carried out. Maternal and perinatal data were obtained from hospital charts and delivery logs. Chorionicity was determined by ultrasonography or histopathological study. RESULTS: Incidence of twin gestations was 3.4 percent and 96.4 percent were spontaneously conceived. 60.5 percent were dichorionic (DC), 30.8 percent of monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA), 6.6 percent monochorionic monoamniotic (MCMA) and for 2.1 percent chorionicity was unknown. The mean gestation age at delivery was respectively 35.4, 33.6, 32.9 for DC, MCDA and MCMA. The mean birth weight was 2.171, 1.832 and 1.760 g respectively for DC, MC and MCMA. The proportion of fetuses delivered with less than 34 weeks in DC was of 21.7 percent, while in MCDA it was of 39.3 percent and in MCMA of 42.1 percent. Birth weight below the 10th centile occurred in 15.7 percent for DC, 22.5 percent for MCDA and 26.3 percent in MCMA. Congenital anomalies were observed in 21.3 percent in monochorionic and in 7.4 percent in the dichorionic. Lenght of hospital stay was shorter for DC when compared to MCDA and MCMA twins (13.1, 17.3 and 23.3 days, respectively). The proportion of twin pregnancies with both babies discharged alive were 85.7 percent in DC and 61.1 percent in MC. CONCLUSION: The rate of preterm deliveries and low birth weight is higher in monochorionic pregnancies when compared to dichorionic twins. However, when adjusted for complications such as fetal abnormalities and twin-twin transfusion syndrome, double survival rates were similar in the two groups.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o resultado perinatal nas gestações gemelares com partos em hospital universitário segundo a corionicidade. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de 289 gestações gemelares com partos no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, no período de janeiro de 2003 a dezembro de 2006. Os dados maternos e fetais foram obtidos através dos livros de parto e dos prontuários da instituição. A corionicidade foi determinada pela ultrassonografia ou pelo exame anatomopatológico. RESULTADOS: A incidência de gestação gemelar foi de 3,4 por cento sendo 96,6 por cento naturalmente concebidas. Dos 578 conceptos, 60,5 por cento eram de gestações dicoriônicas (DC), 30,8 por cento monocoriônicas diamnióticas (MCDA), 6,6 por cento monocoriônicas monoamnióticas (MCMA) e em 2,1 por cento a corionicidade era desconhecida. A idade gestacional (IG) média do parto foi de 34,6 semanas (DP= 3,9) e o peso médio ao nascimento foi de 2.031g (DP= 693). Nas gestações DC a IG média foi de 35,4 semanas (DP=3,5); MCDA foi de 33,6 (DP=3,9) e nas MCMA foi de 32,9 (DP= 4,5), sendo estatisticamente significativo. O peso médio ao nascer foi 2.171g, 1.832g e 1.760g, respectivamente, para as gestações DC, MCDC e MCMA. A proporção de fetos com IG no parto abaixo de 34 semanas nas gestações DC foi de 21,7 por cento enquanto nas MCDA foi de 39,3 por cento e nas MCMA foi de 42,1 por cento. A frequência de fetos abaixo do percentil 10 para gêmeos foi 15,7 por cento DC, 22,5 por cento MCDA e 26,3 por cento nas MCMA. As malformações fetais foram observadas em 21,3 por cento das monocoriônicas e em 7,4 por cento nas dicoriônicas. O período de hospitalização foi menor nas dicorionicas quando comparadas com as MCDA e MCMA (17,1; 17,3 e 23,3 dias, respectivamente). A porcentagem de alta hospitalar de ambos os recém-nascidos com vida foi maior nas gestações DC (85,7 por cento) do que nas gestações MC (61,1 por cento), porém quando excluídas as complicações (malformações fetais e a síndrome da transfusão feto-fetal) a sobrevida de ambos os recém-nascidos nas MC foi de 80 por cento. CONCLUSÃO: A idade gestacional do parto, o peso ao nascimento e a restrição do crescimento fetal são significativamente menores nas gestações monocoriônicas. A chance de o casal levar para casa dois filhos vivos é semelhante nas gestações dicoriônicas e nas monocoriônicas na ausência de complicações. Porém, na presença de malformações e da síndrome da transfusão feto-fetal, esta chance se reduz para 60 por cento, sendo pior nas monocoriônica monoamnóticas.

Prevalência de nascimentos gemelares em Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil / Prevalence of twin births in Pelotas, in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

OBJETIVOS: avaliar a prevalência de nascimentos gemelares em Pelotas, RS, em três períodos da última década e a influência de alguns fatores sobre este processo. MÉTODOS: estudo de corte transversal (série temporal), baseado no banco de dados do Programa de Monitorização de Defeitos Congênitos, onde se encontram registrados todos os nascimentos ocorridos nos cinco hospitais da cidade de Pelotas, nos anos de 1993, 1997 e 2003. RESULTADOS: a taxa média de gêmeos por mil nascimentos foi de 8,95ë (monozigóticos=2,20ë e dizigóticos=6,76ë ). A taxa de triplos ficou em 0,07ë . A taxa total de nascimentos gemelares, assim como de gêmeos monozigóticos e dizigóticos sofreu elevação no período. A média de idade (27,53 anos) e da ordem gestacional (2,35) das mães de gêmeos foi significativamente mais elevada do que das mães de únicos (26,03 anos e 2,14) respectivamente. Verificaram-se números aproximados de partos gemelares e únicos nos diferentes grupos de renda materna analisados. CONCLUSÕES: as mães com idade maior ou igual a 30 anos foram responsáveis pelo aumento da taxa de gêmeos em Pelotas. A média mais elevada de ordem gestacional em mães de gemelares descartou o uso significativo de técnicas de reprodução assistida.

OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the prevalence of twin births in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, during three periods, and the influence of a number of factors on this occurrence. METHODS: a cross-cutting (multiple time series) study was carried out, using the database of the Congenital Defect Monitoring Program, which registers all of the births occurring in the five hospitals of the city of Pelotas, for the years 1993, 1997 and 2003. RESULTS: the mean prevalence of twin births per thousand births (ë )t was 8.95ë (monozygotic=2.20ë and dizygotic=6.76ë ). The prevalence of triplets was 0.07ë . The total prevalence for twin births, in the case of both monozygotic and dizygotic twins rose over the period studied. The mean age of the mother (27.53 years) and the order in the series of gestations (2.35) were significantly higher in cases of twin births than in cases of the birth of a single infant (26.03 years and 2.14 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: mothers aged >30 years were responsible for the increase in the prevalence of twin births in Pelotas. The higher mean position in a sequence of gestations among mothers of twins ruled out the significance of the use of fertility treatment techniques.

Perinatal outcome after multifetal pregnancy reduction.

OBJECTIVE: To assess multifetal pregnancy reduction in Indian context. METHODS: It is a retrospective descriptive study. Perinatal outcome of 92 multifetal pregnancies were retrieved from a well maintained database. Fetal reductions were carried out using standard protocol. RESULTS: There were 92 pregnancies referred for fetal reduction during the study period. Out of 92, twelve pregnancies (20.3%) had fetal or neonatal losses; of which complete pregnancy loss rate was 8.5% and partial pregnancy loss rate was 11.8%. Twenty one (35.6%) pregnancies had premature deliveries. The median birth weight was 2100 grams. Four babies were born alive with congenital anomalies. CONCLUSION: Our study showed the median birth weight, rates of pregnancy loss and prematurity after the fetal reduction procedure was comparable with other studies. However, it must be noted that the rate of loss to follow up was higher in our study.

La frecuencia de nacimientos de gemelos aumentó en un hospital chileno coincidiendo con el consumo periconcepcional de harina fortificada con ácido fólico / The frequency of twin pregnancies increased in a Chilean hospital associated with periconceptional flour folic acid supplementation

Background: A significant increase in the frequency of twins has been described in the literature as a secondary effect of perinatal supplementation with folic acid. Aim: To verify if the frequency of twins increased in a Chilean hospital, after the start of flour folic acid supplementation. Material and methods: The frequency of twins was compared in the University of Chile Clinical Hospital, before and after the start of flour fortification with folic acid. Results: There was a 34% increase in the frequency of twins during the post fortification period (2001-2004) as compared with the previous period (1998-2000). A decrease in the frequency of male twins, when compared with single newborns, was also observed in the post fortification period. There was a higher frequency of stillborns among twins, when compared with single newborns. Conclusions: The frequency of twin pregnancies increased after flour folic acid supplementation in sample of Chilean population.

Embarazo doble: diez años de resultados perinatales en el Hospital Materno Infantil Ramón Sardá (1992-2001) / Double pregnancy: ten years of perinatal results in the Hospital Materno Infantil Ramón Sardá (1992-2001)

A pesar de los avances en la valoración de la vitalidad fetal y el amplio desarrollo de la asistencia neonatal, el embarazo gemelar continúa siendo de alto riesgo materno y fetal. Objetivos: 1) Describir la frecuencia de nacimientos gemelares. 2) Describir las formas de finalización del parto. 3) Describir la mortalidad fetal y neonatal. 4) Describir las causas de muerte neonatal asociadas al embarazo gemelar. Material y métodos: Diseño: retrospectivo, observacional y analítico. Población: nacimientos dobles ocurridos en la Maternidad Sardá entre los años 1992 y 2001 cuya edad gestacional fue >= a 22 semanas. Resultados: Sobre 66.882 nacimientos se revisaron 743 (1,1 por ciento, IC 95 por ciento 1,0-1,2) de historias clínicas de FM y RNV. La media de peso neonatal fue 2, 240,2g±617,8 g. La mediana de diferencia de peso entre el primer y segundo gemelar de 9,3 por ciento. Forma de terminación del parto: 52 por ciento espontáneos, 46 por ciento cesárea (correspondiendo 39,1 por ciento a primer cesárea), forcipal 0,9 por ciento, versión y gran extracción 1,1 por ciento. Mortalidad fetal: 2,8 por ciento (41/1472, IC 95 por ciento 2,0-3,7), Mortalidad neonatal: 3,8 por ciento (55/1431, IC 95 por ciento 2,9-4,9), Mortalidad neonatal precoz: 2,9 por ciento (42/143, IC 95 por ciento 2,1-3,9) y Mortalidad perinatal: 3,7 por ciento (54/1443, IC 95 por ciento 2,8-4,8). La principal causa de muerte neonatal fue la prematurez y sus entidades asociadas. Conclusión: La frecuencia de embarazo doble se mantuvo constante en el período analizado (Ene-1992 a Dic-2001). La mortalidad fetal y neonatal presentaron tasas marcadamente superiores a los embarazos únicos, a pesar de su marcado descenso. La forma de finalización cesárea aumentó debido a la elevada proporción de presentaciones pelvianas en el segundo gemelar.

Embarazo triple: complicaciones maternas y perinatales / Triplet pregnancy: maternal and perinatal complications

Objetivo: Revisar las complicaciones maternas y perinatales de los embarazos triples atendidos en el Servicio de Obstetricia del Hospital Barros Luco-Trudeau. Pacientes y Método: Se analizan 11 embarazos triples ocurridos entre enero de 1996 y diciembre de 2004. Resultados: Hubo una incidencia de 1 embarazo triple en 4.730 partos. Dos embarazos fueron resultado de tratamientos de fertilidad. Se registró 1 óbito y 1 muerte (polimalformado) a los 35 días de vida. El parto se resolvió entre las 29+1 y 36+3 semanas de gestación mediante cesárea, en 55 por ciento por inicio de trabajo de parto. Se utilizó surfactante pulmonar en 8 de los 32 recién nacidos (25 por ciento) y ventilación mecánica en 5 (16 por ciento). La complicación materna de mayor frecuencia fue el síndrome hipertensivo del embarazo (50 por ciento), dos preeclampsias y un síndrome de Hellp. La utilización de días cama por los recién nacidos fue de 822 días para 32 casos (mediana: 21 días; rango: 6-64 días). El total de días cama utilizados por las 11 gestantes fue 270 días, con promedio de 25 días. Conclusión: Aún cuando se registraron buenos resultados perinatales, los embarazos triples se asocian a mayor morbilidad materna y perinatal. Además producen un mayor gasto de recursos de neonatología, especialmente debido a prematurez.

High pregnancy rates with consecutive (two-step) embryo transfer in assistide reproductive technologies: preliminary results

Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar se a transferência embrionária dupla (consecutiva) pode proporcionar taxas de gravidez mais altas em técnicas de reprodução assistida. Material e métodos: Um total de 30 pacientes que tiveram 4 ou mais embriões para transferência no dia 3 após a coleta oocitária, foram submetidas a transferência embrionária dupla (consecutiva). Foram trasnferidos 3 embriões no dia 3 e um blastocisto no dia 5. Foram avaliadas as taxas de gravidez e implantação, determinadas pela visibilizaçào ecográfica de batimentos cardíacos fetais. Resultados: Dentre as 30 transferências embrionárias, houve 14 gestações (46,7%), sendo 4 (28,5%) únicas, 8 gemelares (57,1%) e 2 trigemelares (14,2%). Conclusões: Nossos resultados preliminares sugerem que a transferência consecutiva não apenas não afeta negativamente o processo de implantação embrionária, mas também relaciona-se com altas taxas de gravidez

Critérios para definir o número de embriões a serem transferidos em fertilização in vitro / Criteria to determine the number of embryos to be transferred in in vitro fertilization

Os autores fazem revisão sobre o impacto das técnicas de reprodução assistida na incidência de gravidez múltipla, relacionando seu impacto médico-social. Baseado na experiência pessoal no Centro de Reprodução Humana "Sinhá Junqueira" e na revisão da bibliografia atual, são feitas considerações sobre o número de embriões a serem transferidos em ciclos de FIV

Twinning rate trend in a population sample from the city of São Paulo, Brazil

A retrospective study was carried out on a sample consisting of 89,491 deliveries occurred from 1979 through 1998, in the city of Säo Paulo, SP, Brazil. These deliveries included 935 twin and 26 triplet births. The mean incidence per 1,000 deliveries was estimated at 10.45 for twins (5.34 for dizygotic and 5.11 for monozygotic twins) and 0.29 for triplets. The average maternal age increased significantly during this period for both twins and singletons. The temporal variation in years significantly influenced the increase of monozygotic twins and of triplets. Temporal variation and maternal age significantly influenced the dizygotic twinning rate increase. An increased proportion of monozygotic twins born to mothers aged 31 - 35 years was also detected

Complicaçöes da gemelaridade em um hospital universitário / Complication of twin pregnancies in a teaching hospital

O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar os fatores de risco materno, tipos de gemelaridade e complicações da gestação gemelar. Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo com revisão dos prontuários com partos de gestações gemelares realizados no HCPA, com idade gestacional de 20 semanas e o termo. Foram revisados 323 casos, sendo analisadas as variáveis sobre características maternas, gestacionais, do parto e dos recém-nascidos...