Efficacy, safety and tolerability of streptokinase in multiloculated empyema

Empyema thoracis is a common illness with significant morbidity and mortality. Standard treatment of Empyema includes tube drainage and antibiotics. But the tube drainage often fails if the fluid is loculated. Intrapleural Streptokinase has been used in multiloculated empyemas with good success rate. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of intra-pleural Streptokinase in loculated empyemas. A total of 15 patients admitted in Pulmonology unit with multiloculated empyemas whose drainage via drainage tube was less than 100 ml during the last 24 hours were included in the study. Aliquots of 250,000 units of Streptokinase in 100 ml of normal saline were instilled into the pleural cavity and the tube clamped for 3 hours. Response was assessed by clinical outcome, measurement of drain output after unclamping and subsequent chest radiography and serial chest ultrasounds. Streptokinase enhanced drainage in all patients with complete resolution of Empyema in 13 patients. Two patients with thickened visceral pleura following empyema drainage were referred to thoracic surgeon for decortication. The number of instillations of Streptokinase per patient ranged from 1 to 3 and the volume of drained empyema fluid ranged from 60 ml to 600 ml per patient. Streptokinase was well tolerated in all patients. Intrapleural Streptokinase is a safe and effective means of increasing the tube drainage in multiloculated Empyema without causing systemic fibrinolysis

Coaglutinación bacteriana versus cultivo en el diagnóstico etiológico del empiema pleural / Bacterial coagglutination vs culture in the ethyological diagnostic of pleural effusion

Se estudiaron prospectivamente 30 pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico de neumonía complicada con derrame pleural que estuvieron internados en el Servicio de Infectología Pediátrica del Hospital Universitario de Maracaibo en el lapso comprendido entre el 15 de febrero de 1988 al 15 de junio de 1989. Mediante toracocentesis percutánea se obtuvo líquido pleural al cual se le practicó estudio antigénico a través de la prueba de coaglutinación bacterina (Phadebact R, Pharmacia) y estudio bacteriológico (Gram y cultivo). La primera fue positiva en 16 pacientes (53%) y la segunda en 15 (50%) no habiendo diferencia significativa entre ambos metodos diagnósticos (P = < 0.05). Los gérmenes aislados fueron 10 Streptococcus pneumoniae, 10 Haemophilus influezae y 2 Streptococcus B. No hubo resultados cruzados o contradictorios. Al final se recomienda la Técnica de Coaglutinación Bacteriana debido a su bajo costo, fácil realización y alta sensibilidad sin olvidar las ventajas del cultivo y el Antibioticograma