Hemorragia digestiva y enfermedad celíaca complicada en paciente anticoagulado / Gastrointestinal bleeding and complicated celiac disease in anticoagulated patient

Resumen La enfermedad celíaca tiene una considerable frecuencia en nuestro medio. La mayoría de los pacientes presenta mejoría clínica, serológica y endoscópica al poco tiempo de iniciada la dieta libre de gluten. Un muy bajo porcentaje puede presentar o desarrollar una "enfermedad celíaca complicada", entidad que comprende el esprue refractario, la yeyunitis ulcerativa y el linfoma intestinal, que conllevan pronósticos desfavorables, con requerimiento de tratamientos más radicales. Presentamos aquí el caso de un paciente de 77 años evaluado en nuestro centro, que ingresó para estudio de hemorragia digestiva aguda y se realizó finalmente diagnóstico de enfermedad celiaca complicada, requiriendo inicio de tratamiento con corticoides sistémicos y seguimiento estrecho ambulatorio.

Abstract Celiac disease is considerably frequent in our media. Gluten-free diet shows clinical, serological and endoscopic improvement in most patients shortly after its start. A few patients may present or develop a "complicated celiac disease", an entity that includes refractory sprue, ulcerative jejunitis and intestinal lymphoma, which carry unfavorable prognoses, requiring more radical treatments. We present here the case of a 77-year-old male patient evaluated in our center, who was admitted for study of acute gastrointestinal bleeding. Complicated celiac disease was diagnosed, systemic corticosteroids were started and a close follow-up was carried out.

Efectos de la edad al momento del diagnóstico y cumplimiento de la dieta sobre los parámetros de crecimiento de los pacientes con celiaquía / Effects of age of diagnosis and dietary compliance on growth parameters of patients with celiac disease

Introducción. El objetivo fue evaluar la relación entre edad al diagnóstico y cumplimiento de dieta sin gluten (DSG) y su efecto sobre el crecimiento de niños celiácos y factores que influenciaron el cumplimiento de la DSG. Población y métodos. Se incluyeron pacientes celíacos con seguimiento en nuestro hospital entre enero 2015 a enero 2017. Se los clasificaron según edad al diagnóstico y cumplimiento de la DSG. Se compararon características antropométricas al diagnóstico y durante el seguimiento. Resultados. Participaron 73 pacientes con edad promedio de 10,4 ± 4,5 años; 35 (47,9%), los pacientes de talla baja al diagnóstico; eran mayores (7,8 ± 4,2 años) que los demás (5,1 ± 4,3 años de edad) (p= 0,005). Al diagnóstico, 33 (45,2%) pacientes tenían ≤6 años y 40 (54,8%) tenían >6 años. Los puntajes Z de estatura y peso a la edad >6 años eran significativamente menores que los diagnosticados a ≤6 años, en el diagnóstico (p= 0,01 y 0,04, respectivamente) como en el último control (p= 0,001 y 0,001, respectivamente). Tuvieron cumplimiento riguroso con DSG en 45 (61,6%) pacientes. Al comparar datos antropométricos , el aumento del índice de masa corporal (IMC) y del puntaje Z de peso en el grupo que cumplió la dieta fue significativamente mayor que en el otro grupo.Conclusiones. Demorar el diagnóstico de celiaquía afectó la estatura y peso. El cumplimiento de la DSG mejoró los parámetros de crecimiento, principalmente, el puntaje Z de peso y el IMC.

Introduction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relation between age at diagnosis and compliance to gluten free diet (GFD) on growth in children with celiac disease and the factors that influenced compliance to GFD. Population and Methods. Celiac disease (CD) patients with villous atrophy followed in our hospital between January 2015 and January 2017, were included. They were classified according to diagnosis age and GFD compliance. Patients' anthropometric characteristics at diagnosis and follow-up were compared. Results. There were 73 patients with 10.4 ± 4.5 years of average age, 35 (47.9%) patients had a short stature at diagnosis, the ages of patients who had short stature (7.8 ± 4.2 years) were higher than those who did not (5.1 ± 4.3 years) (p= 0.005). At diagnosis, 33 (45.2%) patients were aged ≤6 years, 40 (54.8%) were aged >6 years. The height and weight z-scores of patients who were diagnosed at >6 years of age were significantly lower than those who were diagnosed ≤6 years of age both at diagnosis (p= 0.01 and 0.04) and at last control (p= 0.001 and 0.001), respectively. Forty-five (61.6%) patients were fully compliant with GFD. In comparison of anthropometric data in terms of GFD compliance, the increase in BMI and weightz-score in the fully compliant group was found to be significantly higher when compared with the other group. Conclusions. Delay in CD diagnosis negatively affected both the height and weight and other growth parameters. GFD compliance positively affected the patients' all growth parameters, especially weight and BMI z-score.

Effects of probiotic intake on intestinal bifidobacteria of celiac patients / Efeitos do consumo de probióticos sobre as bifidobactérias intestinais de pacientes celíacos

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Healthy individuals exhibit a significantly higher concentration of faecal bifidobacteria in comparison to celiac patients. Even though there are potential benefits in probiotic usage, they have been little explored as an adjunctive therapy in celiac disease. OBJECTIVE This study aimed at the comparison of faecal bifidobacteria concentration and pH among celiac patients and healthy subjects before and after the daily intake of 100 g of yogurt containing probiotic for a thirty-day period. METHODS Feces from 17 healthy subjects and 14 celiac patients were analyzed, in which stool culture was performed for the isolation and quantification of faecal bifidobacteria. Furthermore, Gram’s method was employed for the microscopic analysis of the colonies, while the identification of the Bifidobacterium genus was made through determination of the fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase enzyme. Faecal pH was measured using a calibrated pHmeter. RESULTS Faecal bifidobacteria concentration before probiotic consumption was significantly higher in healthy individuals (2.3x108±6.3x107 CFU/g) when compared to celiac patients (1.0x107±1.7x107 CFU/g). Faecal pH values did not show a significant difference. After the daily consumption of probiotic-containing yogurt both groups showed a significant increase in the concentration of faecal bifidobacteria, but healthy subjects presented significantly higher bifidobacteria concentrations (14.7x108±0.2x108 CFU/g) than the celiac group (0.76x108±0.1x108 CFU/g). The obtained pH values from both groups were not significantly different, being 7.28±0.518 for the celiac patients and 7.07±0.570 for healthy individuals after the probiotic intake. CONCLUSION The probiotic supplementation significantly increased the number of bifidobacteria in the feces of celiac patients, although it was not sufficient to reach the concentration found in healthy individuals prior to its consumption.

RESUMO CONTEXTO Indivíduos saudáveis apresentam uma concentração de bifidobactérias fecais significativamente maior em comparação a pacientes celíacos. Apesar de haver benefícios potenciais no uso de probióticos na doença celíaca, estes têm sido pouco explorados como uma terapia adjuvante. OBJETIVO Este estudo objetivou a comparação do pH e concentração fecal de bifidobactérias entre pacientes celíacos e indivíduos saudáveis antes e após o consumo diário de 100 g de iogurte contendo probiótico por um período de 30 dias. MÉTODOS Foram analisadas fezes de 17 pessoas saudáveis e 14 pacientes celíacos, tendo sido realizada a coprocultura para o isolamento e quantificação de bifidobactérias fecais. Além disso, o método de Gram foi empregado na análise microscópica das colônias, enquanto a identificação do gênero Bifidobacterium foi feita através da determinação da enzima frutose-6-fosfato fosfocetolase. O pH fecal foi medido usando um pHmetro calibrado. RESULTADOS A concentração de bifidobactérias fecais antes do consumo do iogurte probiótico foi significativamente maior em indivíduos saudáveis (2.3x108±6.3x107 UFC/g) quando comparada aos celíacos (1.0x107±1.7x107 CFU/g). Por outro lado, o pH fecal de ambos os grupos não apresentou diferença significativa. Após o consumo diário de iogurte contendo probiótico, ambos os grupos tiveram um aumento significativo na concentração de bifidobactérias fecais, entretanto indivíduos saudáveis apresentaram concentrações de bifidobactérias significativamente maiores (14.7x108±0.2x108 UFC/g) do que o grupo celíaco (0.76x108±0.1x108 UFC/g). Os valores de pH obtidos de ambos os grupos não foram significativamente diferentes, sendo de 7.28±0.518 para os pacientes celíacos e de 7.07±0.570 para os indivíduos saudáveis após o consumo do probiótico. CONCLUSÃO A suplementação com probiótico aumentou significativamente o número de bifidobactérias nas fezes dos pacientes celíacos apesar de não ter sido suficiente para alcançar a concentração encontrada em indivíduos saudáveis antes do consumo de probióticos.

Tratamento da doença celíaca: estado da arte / Celiac disease treatment; state of the art

A falta de opções terapêuticas para a Doença Celíaca (DC) tornou-se um problema de grande relevância no setor farmacêutico em decorrência do aperfeiçoamento das técnicas sorológicas de diagnóstico e, consequentemente, do aumento do número de indivíduos com diagnóstico confirmado para esta doença. Até o momento, a única terapia eficaz na DC é a dieta isenta de glúten, um tratamento aparentemente simples, mas que tem enormes reflexos nos hábitos nutricionais e sociais do paciente. O conhecimento do complexo mecanismo patogênico da DC permitiu o gradual desenvolvimento de pesquisas em busca de novas opções terapêuticas, entre as quais podemos destacar a ingestão oral de enzimas capazes de hidrolisar o glúten, inibidores da enzima transglutaminase tecidual, inibidores da permeabilidade intestinal, e indutores da tolerância oral ao glúten. Este estudo, além de descrever algumas características da Doença Celíaca e sua relação com a estrutura do glúten, compila informações de diversos autores sobre o desenvolvimento de novos tratamentos para a doença, com objetivo de identificar as opções terapêuticas que apresentam os maiores avanços e, portanto, tem potencial para estarem à disposição dos pacientes celíacos em um futuro próximo.

The lack of therapeutic options for celiac disease (CD) has become a relevant issue in the pharmaceutical sector, as a result of the improvement on technical diagnostic serological and the following increase in the number of individuals with confirmed diagnosis for this disease. To date, the only effective therapy to CD is the gluten-free diet, a seemingly simple treatment, but that has enormous repercussions in the social and nutritional habits of the patient. New findings on the complex pathogenic mechanism of CD allowed gradually the development of researches to look for new therapeutic options, among which we can highlight the oral intake of enzymes capable to hydrolyze the gluten, inhibitors of tissue transglutaminase enzyme, inhibitors of intestinal permeability, and tolerance induction of gluten. This study, besides to describing some features of celiac disease and its relationship with the structure of gluten, compiles information from several authors regarding the development of new treatment of this disease, with the goal of identifying therapeutic options that present the biggest advances and, therefore, has the potential to be at the disposal of celiac patients in a near future.

Respuesta a la vacunación contra hepatitis B en pacientes pediátricos con enfermedad celíaca / Hepatitis B vaccination in children with celiac disease, inmunological response

Determinar la respuesta inmunológica a la vacunación contra virus de hepatitis B en pacientes pediátricos con enfermedad celíaca. Se revisaron 25 historias clínicas de celíacos diagnosticados entre 2001-2010 por estudios serológico, histopatológicos, genético y esquema de vacunación hepatitis B completo, de los cuales se excluyeron 11 pacientes. Se solicitó anticuerpo contra antígeno de superficie virus hepatitis B. El grupo de celíacos no respondedores fue evaluado posterior a revacunación bajo apego a dieta sin gluten. Se estudiaron 14 pacientes (35,7% hembras, 64,3% varones). 8 pacientes se vacunaron al nacer y 6 después de los 8 años de edad. De los cuales 28,6% tuvieron baja respuesta a la vacunación y 71,4% sin respuesta. La respuesta fue positiva en 3/8 (37,5%) de los pacientes vacunados al nacer y en 1/6 de los mayores de 8 años (16,7%). 4 no respondedores fueron revacunados cumpliendo dieta libre de gluten, evidenciándose respuesta inmunológica positiva en el 75%. Existe una disminución en la respuesta a la vacunación contra hepatitis B en pacientes celíacos, asociado a HLA DQ2 y que la dieta libre de gluten puede mejorar la respuesta inmunológica

To determine the immune response to the vaccination against hepatitis B virus in pediatric patients with celiac disease. Reviewed 25 medical histories of celiac diagnosed between 2001-2010 by serological, histopathological, genetic studies and full hepatitis B vaccination scheme, of which 11 patients were excluded. Also ask antibody against hepatitis B virus surface antigen The group of non-responder celiac was evaluated after revaccination under attachment to diet without gluten. 14 Patients were studied (35.7% females, 64.3% boys). 8 patients vaccinated at birth and 6 after eight years of age. Of which 28.6% had low response to vaccination and 71.4% unanswered. The answer was positive in 3/8 (37.5%) of patients vaccinated at birth and 1/6 of the 8 older (16.7%). not answering. 4 were fulfilling gluten-free diet, showing response immunological positive in 75%. There is a decrease in the response to vaccination against hepatitis B in celiac patients, conditional primarily by HLA DQ2 and that the gluten-free diet can improve the immune response

Doença celíaca é super-representada em pacientes com constipação / Celiac disease is overrepresented in patients with constipation

OBJETIVO: Tem sido sugerido que pacientes com constipação sejam triados para doença celíaca. Da mesma forma, recomenda-se a investigação desses pacientes para hipotiroidismo e hipercalcemia. Contudo, nenhuma evidência para essas recomendações está disponível até o momento. Assim, propusemos-nos determinar a prevalência de doença celíaca, hipotiroidismo e hipercalcemia em crianças com constipação. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte prospectivo com 370 pacientes consecutivos que preencheram os critérios de Roma III para constipação. Esses pacientes foram encaminhados por um clínico geral a um pediatra devido ao fracasso no tratamento com laxantes. RESULTADOS: A biópsia comprovou doença celíaca em sete desses pacientes. Isso é significativamente mais alto (p < 0,001) do que a prevalência de 1:198 de doença celíaca nos Países Baixos. Dois pacientes tinham tiroidite autoimune. Nenhum paciente tinha hipercalcemia. CONCLUSÕES: Conclui-se que a doença celíaca é significativamente super-representada em pacientes com constipação encaminhados por um clínico geral a um pediatra devido ao fracasso no tratamento com laxantes. Todos esses pacientes devem, portanto, ser triados para doença celíaca.

OBJECTIVE: It is suggested that patients with constipation should be screened for celiac disease. Similarly, it is recommended to investigate these patients for hypothyroidism and hypercalcemia. However, no evidence for these recommendations is available so far. We therefore set out to determine the prevalence of celiac disease, hypothyroidism, and hypercalcemia in children with constipation. METHODS: Prospective cohort study of 370 consecutive patients who met the Rome III criteria for constipation. These patients were referred by a general practitioner to a pediatrician because of failure of laxative treatment. RESULTS: Seven of these patients had biopsy-proven celiac disease. This is significantly higher (p < 0.001) than the 1:198 prevalence of celiac disease in the Netherlands. Two patients had auto-immune thyroiditis. No patient had hypercalcemia. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that celiac disease is significantly overrepresented in patients with constipation who are referred by a general practitioner to a pediatrician because of failure of laxative treatment. All such patients should, therefore, be screened for celiac disease.

Gut permeability to lactulose and mannitol differs in treated Crohn's disease and celiac disease patients and healthy subjects

The gut barrier monitors and protects the gastrointestinal tract from challenges such as microorganisms, toxins and proteins that could act as antigens. There is evidence that gut barrier dysfunction may act as a primary disease mechanism in intestinal disorders. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the barrier function towards sugars after the appropriate treatment of celiac disease and Crohn's disease patients and compare the results with those obtained with healthy subjects. Fifteen healthy volunteers, 22 celiac disease patients after 1 year of a gluten-free diet, and 31 Crohn's disease patients in remission were submitted to an intestinal permeability test with 6.0 g lactulose and 3.0 g mannitol. Six-hour urinary lactulose excretion in Crohn's disease patients was significantly higher than in both celiac disease patients (0.42 vs 0.15 percent) and healthy controls (0.42 vs 0.07 percent). Urinary lactulose excretion was significantly higher in celiac disease patients than in healthy controls (0.15 vs 0.07 percent). Urinary mannitol excretion in Crohn's disease patients was the same as healthy controls (21 vs 21 percent) and these values were significantly higher than in celiac disease patients (10.9 percent). The lactulose/mannitol ratio was significantly higher in Crohn's disease patients in comparison to celiac disease patients (0.021 vs 0.013) and healthy controls (0.021 vs 0.003) and this ratio was also significantly higher in celiac disease patients compared to healthy controls (0.013 vs 0.003). In spite of treatment, differences in sugar permeability were observed in both disease groups. These differences in the behavior of the sugar probes probably reflect different mechanisms for the alterations of intestinal permeability.

Ensaio terapêutico com uma preparaçäo de pancreatina no tratamento da esteatorréia pancreatógena / Therapeutic trial with a formulation of pancreatin in the treatment of pancreatogenic steatorrhea

A eficiência de uma preparaçäo enzimática contendo 250 mg de pancreatina e 5 mg de bromoprida por cápsula foi avaliada em seis pacientes portadores de pancreatite crônica calcificante. A gordura fecal de 24 horas destes pacientes foi, em média, de 27,88 ñ 16,90g (inicial e de 6,85 ñ 4,98 g após 14 dias de tratamento com oito cápsulas diarias. Da mesma maneira observou-se ganho de peso corpóreo e diminuiçäo do peso fecal no grupo estudado. Näo houve intolerância. Concluiu-se que a preparaçäo utilizada eficiente, embora näo se conseguisse a total normalizaçäo da esteatrorréia em todos os paciente, como é o habitual na esteatorréia pancreatógena

Pancreatic steatorrhea: action of a total lyophilized pancreas preparation: an "in vitro" and "in vivo" study

Uma preparaçäo de pâncreas total suino liofilizado (PTL) foi testada "in vitro" e "in vivo". A atividade lipásica média dos quatro lotes estudados foi 6.180 ñ 1.122 U.I. por grama de produto. Näo havia tripsina livre na preparaçäo. Quinze portadores de insuficiência pancreática exócrina foram estudados em um período de quatro semanas. Os adultos receberam de 35.500 a 35.776 U.I. de lipase, contidas na preparaçäo de PTL, por refeiçäo. Todos experimentaram reduçäo da esteatorréia, ou normalizaçäo, bem como observou-se reduçäo no peso das fezes e aumento do peso corpóreo. Näo há relaçäo obrigatória entre a perda fecal de gordura e o peso das fezes. A esteatorréia decresceu por um mínimo de 14 dias antes de alcançar um nível estável. Esta conclusäo merece ser conhecida: para testar a eficácia de extratos pancreáticos, o tratamento deve ser feito, pelo menos, por duas semanas