Impaired autophagy activity-induced abnormal differentiation of bone marrow stem cells is related to adolescent idiopathic scoliosis osteopenia / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Osteopenia has been well documented in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) are a crucial regulator of bone homeostasis. Our previous study revealed a decreased osteogenic ability of BMSCs in AIS-related osteopenia, but the underlying mechanism of this phenomenon remains unclear.@*METHODS@#A total of 22 AIS patients and 18 age-matched controls were recruited for this study. Anthropometry and bone mass were measured in all participants. Bone marrow blood was collected for BMSC isolation and culture. Osteogenic and adipogenic induction were performed to observe the differences in the differentiation of BMSCs between the AIS-related osteopenia group and the control group. Furthermore, a total RNA was extracted from isolated BMSCs to perform RNA sequencing and subsequent analysis.@*RESULTS@#A lower osteogenic capacity and increased adipogenic capacity of BMSCs in AIS-related osteopenia were revealed. Differences in mRNA expression levels between the AIS-related osteopenia group and the control group were identified, including differences in the expression of LRRC17 , DCLK1 , PCDH7 , TSPAN5 , NHSL2 , and CPT1B . Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses revealed several biological processes involved in the regulation of autophagy and mitophagy. The Western blotting results of autophagy markers in BMSCs suggested impaired autophagic activity in BMSCs in the AIS-related osteopenia group.@*CONCLUSION@#Our study revealed that BMSCs from AIS-related osteopenia patients have lower autophagic activity, which may be related to the lower osteogenic capacity and higher adipogenic capacity of BMSCs and consequently lead to the lower bone mass in AIS patients.

Advances in management of thalassemia.

Thalassemias represent the most common single-gene disorder causing a major public health problem in India. Thalassemia and hemoglobinopathies probably developed over 7000 years ago as a defense against malaria. In simple terms, thalassemia is caused by a mutation in either the â-globin chain or the á-globin chain which combine equally in red cells to form hemoglobin. These mutations lead to varying degree of anemia resulting into thalassemia minor, intermedia or major. Present write up relates to advances in the management of â-thalassemia major.

Análisis de polimorfismos APO-E en mujeres colombianas con osteoporosis y correlación con variables clínicas y sociales de riesgo / Polymorphismsof APO-E in Colombian women with osteoporosis: correlation among clinical and s9ocial risk variables

Varios estudios han demostrado la asociación de los polimorfismos de la apolipoproteína E (APO-E) con la osteoporosis, especialmente, la APO-E 4. Para analizar los polimorfismos APOE e identificar la asociación con variables clínicas y sociales, se realizó un estudio descriptivo de 32 mujeres con osteoporosis, provenientes de diferentes regiones de Colombia, mediante metodologías PCR y RFLP. Se observaron en osteoporosis, osteopenia y osteoporosis combinada con osteopenia frecuencias para el genotipo épsilon3/épsilon3 en el 84,3% (n=27), y en el 15,6% para los genotipos con el alelo épsilon4 (épsilon3/épsilon4=12,5%, n=4; épsilon4/épsilon4=3,1%, n=1); la misma tendencia se observó en la distribución por edad de la menopausia, épsilon3/épsilon3 en el 83,3% (n=25), y genotipos con el alelo épsilon4 en el 16,6% (n=5) (épsilon3/épsilon4=13,3%, n=4; épsilon4/épsilon4=3,3%, n=1). No hubo asociación de APO-E4 con estrato socioeconómico, fracturas, enfermedades o consumo de lácteos. Aunque no hubo efecto del alelo épsilon4 en la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) de la columna lumbar: épsilon4+/-(épsilon3/épsilon4 0,960±0,144 g/cm2); épsilon4+/+ (épsilon4/épsilon4 0,873±0,00 g/cm2); épsilon4-/- (épsilon3/épsilon3 0,858±0,160 g/cm2); p=0,49, ni en cuello femoral: épsilon4+/-(épsilon3/épsilon4 0,841±0,026 g/cm2); épsilon4+/+ (épsilon4/épsilon4 0,842±0,00 g/cm2); épsilon4- /- (épsilon3/épsilon3 0,735±0,013 g/cm2), p=0,14, al explorar las diferencias de medias de DMO en el cuello femoral, se observó una diferencia significativa, t=4,17 p=0,05. Estos datos confirman una frecuencia del alelo épsilon4 similar a lo reportado en poblaciones caucásicas y japonesas; se sugiere realizar estudios a gran escala para esclarecer el impacto de la APO-E sobre la DMO y su relación dosis-efecto.

Several studies have reported an association between apolipoprotein E polymorphisms and osteoporosis, specially the genotype APO-E4. In order to analyze the APO-E polymorphisms and to identify their association with clinical and social variables, a descriptive study was undertaken that included 32 women with osteoporosis, from different regions of Colombia. The polymorphisms were detected by PCR and RFLP methods. In osteopenia and osteoporosis combined with osteopenia were observed the genotype epsilon3/epsilon3 in the 84% (n=27), and 16% (epsilon3/epsilon4=12,5%, n=4; epsilon4/epsilon4=3,1%, n=1) for the genotypes bearing the epsilon4 allele. The same tendency was observed by age of the menopause,epsilon3/epsilon3 in the 83% (n=25), and the genotypes bearing the epsilon4 allele in the 17% (n=5)(epsilon3/epsilon4=13,3%, n=4; epsilon4/epsilon4=3,3%, n=1). No association of APO-E4 was detected with socioeconomic stratum, fracture, illness, surgeries, and milk consumption. No significant differences were observed in the bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar column between the genotypes with or without the epsilon4 allele epsilon4+/- (epsilon3/epsilon4 0.96±0.14 g/cm2); epsilon4+/+ (epsilon4/epsilon4 0.87±0.0 g/cm2); epsilon4-/- (epsilon3/epsilon3 0.86±0.16 g/cm2); p=0.49, and femoral bone mineral density epsilon4+/- (epsilon3/epsilon4 0.84±0.03 g/cm2); epsilon4+/+ (epsilon4/epsilon4 0.84±0.0 g/cm2); epsilon4-/- (epsilon3/epsilon3 0.74±0.01 g/cm2); p=0.014. However, when exploring the differences of BMD in the femoral neck, a significant difference was observed (t=4.17, p=0.05). These results confirm epsilon4 allele frequencies similar to those reported for caucasian and Japanese, subjects. Larger studies are necessary to elucidate the effect of APO-E in bone marrow and the dose-effect relation.

Querubismo / Cherubism

El querubismo es una anomalía genética de carácter hereditario autosómico dominante que afecta el tejido óseo en forma uni o bimaxilar. Junto con la displasia fibrosa -de acuerdo con la clasificación de la IRCOT- se encuentra dentro de las lesiones óseas no neoplásicas. Las manifestaciones comienzan entre los 18 meses y los 4 años de edad. El tamaño de los maxilares aumenta hasta aproximadamente los 7 años. Durante los últimos años de la adolescencia, la enfermedad puede sufrir involución o ser activa hasta aproximadamente los 20 años, especialmente cuando se presenta en el maxilar inferior. Radiográficamente se observan zonas osteolíticas extensas. El cuadro histológico muestra un estroma fibroso, altamente vascular, con células gigantes multinucleadas y un pequeño manguito colágeno alrededor de los vasos sanguíneos. Según nuestra experiencia, el tratamiento a seguir será efectuar controles frecuentes clínico-radiográficos, reservando la cirugía para aquellos casos en los que los trastornos funcionales y estéticos deben ser resueltos antes de esperar la remisión espontánea.