Epididymitis in Patients with Anorectal Malformations: A Cause for Urologic Concern

Introduction Epididymitis in patients with anorectal malformation (ARM) represents a unique problem because unlike the general population, an underlying urinary tract problem is frequently identified. We review our experience with epididymitis in ARM population with an emphasis on examining urologic outcomes. Materials and Methods We performed a retrospective review of male patients with ARM cared for from 1980 to 2010. Clinical and pathologic variables recorded included age at presentation, recurrence, associated urologic anomalies, incidence of ureteral fusion with mesonephric ductal structures, glomerular filtration rate and urodynamic parameters. Results Twenty-six patients were identified with documented episodes of epididymitis. Renal injury was noted in five patients (19%), all of whom were diagnosed with neurogenic bladder (NGB) several years after anorectoplasty. NGB was found in ten patients (38%) in our series. Ectopic insertion of ureter into a mesonephric ductal structure was discovered in five patients (19%). Twelve patients (46%) had recurrent episodes of epididymitis, with seven of these patients (58%) being diagnosed with NGB. Two patients in the pubertal group presented with a history of epididymitis and complained of ejaculatory pain. Conclusion Epididymitis in a patient with ARM warrants a comprehensive urologic investigation, particularly in recurrent episodes. Attempts at surgical intervention (e.g. vasectomy) should be avoided until functional assessment of the urinary tract has occurred. Failure to recognize this association may lead to potentially avoidable complications and morbidity. Long term urological follow up of these patients is warranted to identify at risk patients and minimize renal deterioration .

Endometriosis tracto urinario: revisión de la literatura / Urinary tract endometriosis: review of the literature

Se define como endometriosis a la presencia de tejido endometrial fuera de la cavidad uterina. La endometriosis del tracto urinario (ETU) se refiere a la presencia de tejido endometrial en o alrededor de la vejiga, uréteres, uretra o riñones, lo que ocurre en alrededor de 1por ciento de los casos. El objetivo de esta revisión es realizar una puesta al día en los conceptos relativos a esta rara enfermedad. Se analiza clínica, fisiopatología y tratamiento.

Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. Urinary tract endometriosis (ETU) refers to the presence of endometrial tissue in or around the bladder, ureters, urethra or kidneys, which occurs in about 1percent of cases. The objective of this review is to update the concepts concerning this rare disease. Clinic, pathophysiology and treatment are discussed.

Analysis of rhythmic rectal contractions during filling cystometry in women

Purpose: Rhythmic or random rectal contractions independent of bladder activity are frequently observed during cystometry and usually attributed either to a neurological disease, or to ageing. The aim of our study was to search for an association of rhythmic rectal contractions (RRCs) with a specific lower urinary tract symptom or/and an urodynamic diagnosis. Materials and Methods: The population consisted of 534 consecutive women with lower urinary tract symptoms and without specific gastro-intestinal disease referred for urodynamics; 382 (non-ND) had no history of neurological disease and 152 (ND) a history of neurological disease. Cystometries were performed according to ICS recommendations. Rectal pressure was measured using a punctured balloon filled with 2 mL of saline. RRCs were defined as rhythmic changes in the rectal pressure of at least 3 cm H2O independent of the total vesical pressure. Results: RRCs were observed in 69 patients, with no difference in neurological status or age (non-ND: 12.3 percent and 65.5y; ND: 14.5 percent and 62.7y). Patients with RRCs were significantly older than the negative population (p = 0.0002). RRCs had a low frequency: 1 - 4/min; their amplitude was ¡Ü 15 cm H2O in 67 patients. RRCs were associated with urgency (35 patients) whatever the neurological status and with detrusor overactivity only in the neurological patients. Conclusions: RRCs cannot be considered as artefactual events during cystometry in women, occur in the older population, are frequently associated with urgency but not with detrusor overactivity or neurological disease. Occurrence of RRCs should prompt the physician to look at the possible causes of urgency (colonic or bladder).

Uro - resonancia en niños / Uro - resonance in children

Ultrasound and nuclear medicine appear to be the modalities of choice when dealing with the imaging study of the urinary system in infants. In children, a CT sean does not have the impact it has had on adults, since pediatric patients present with different pathologies and also because of the peculiar physiological conditions of childhood. The Uro-resonance has emerged as a powerful and useful diagnostic tool, bringing together in a single study anatomical images and functional information as well without the use of ionizing radiation. We review the technical aspeets, anatomical and physiological concepts of the study, while providing examples of current applications in the infant.

El estudio por imágenes del sistema urinario del niño ha estado a cargo del ultrasonido y la medicina nuclear. En el niño, la tomografía computada no tiene el impacto que ha tenido en adultos, por tratarse de patologías diferentes y por las condiciones fisiológicas propias de la edad pediátrica. La Uro-resonancia se proyecta como una herramienta útil, reuniendo en un solo estudio imágenes anatómicas e información funcional, en ausencia de radiación ionizante. Se revisan aspectos de la técnica, conceptos anatómicos y fisiológicos del estudio, adicionando ejemplos de aplicaciones en el niño.

Uropatía obstructiva femenina que se presenta como dolor pélvico / Voiding obstruction in female patients presenting as pelvic pain

El dolor pelviano crónico es una patología de creciente frecuencia y de origen multifactorial. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir el diagnóstico y tratamiento de pacientes con dolor pelviano crónico, cuya etiología es la uropatía obstructiva. Material y método: Se presenta una breve serie, retrospectiva, de 14 pacientes de sexo femenino, que se manifiesta con sintomatología caracterizada fundamentalmente por dolor pélvico, la mayoría de ellas catalogadas como portadora de cistitis intersticial. Todas las pacientes habían sido sometidas a tratamientos múltiples para su dolor pélvico, incluyendo instilaciones intravesicales, analgésicos, antiinflamatorios, opiáceos, manejo por equipos de dolor, etc. Todas estas pacientes fueron sometidas a estudio anatómico con tomografía axial computada de abdomen y pelvis y uretrocistoscopia, además de estudio funcional con evaluación urodinámica multi canal. Resultados: Se trata a un grupo de pacientes largamente estudiadas y sometidas a múltiples tratamientos. Entre ellas, destaca a un grupo de 6 pacientes que habían sido previamente sometidas acirugía para corrección de incontinencia urinaria. Las otras 8 pacientes, eran vírgenes de tratamiento para incontinencia urinaria. En ellas se encontró hipertrofia de cuello vesical primaria. Una paciente presentaba ambos orígenes de obstrucción. En todas ellas se demostró uropatía obstructiva, aun cuando los criterios urodinámicos para la demostración de esta patología fueron variables. Las pacientes fueron sometidas a Uretrolisis y a Resección de Cuello Vesical, dependiendo del origen de la uropatía obstructiva. Una paciente fue sometida a ambos procedimientos simultáneamente. En este grupo de pacientes, de las 6 pacientes sometidas a Uretrolisis, 5 presentaron desaparición de su sintomatología y mejoría de sus parámetros urodinámicos. De este grupo 1 paciente presenta aún sintomatología residual. De las 9 pacientes sometidas a Resección de Cuello...

Chronic pelvic pain is a multifactor entity with an increasing incidence. We describe the diagnosis and management procedures for patients with chronic pelvic pain and voiding obstruction. Material and methods: We report a series of 14 female patients that were retrospectively reviewed. All manifested chronic pelvic pain and most were diagnosed with interstitial cystitis. All patients underwent multiple treatments that included: intravesical instillations, apiaceous analgesics and consultations with pain management experts. Also all patients underwent abdominal and pelvic CT scan along with cystoscopy and complete urodynamic study. Results: Patients were widely studied and underwent multiple treatments. Six patients had been surgically treated for urinary incontinence, the other 8 had never been treated at all; in these patients primary bladder neck hypertrophy was found. One patient presented both causes of obstruction. In all patients voiding obstruction was evidenced, however urodynamics showed a wide variety of results. Patients underwent urethrolysis or bladder neck resection. One patient underwent both procedures in the same anesthesia. Symptoms disappeared and urodynamic results got better in 5 of the 6 patients that underwent urethrolysis All patients that underwent bladder neck resection (including the patient that underwent both procedures) were asymptomatic. Conclusion: Even though this is a small series of patients, we believe it is relevant due to the fact that obstructive pathology was not considered as a cause of chronic pelvic pain. We believe that voiding obstruction should be considered in the setting of chronic pelvic pain.

Change in urinary symptoms and quality of life in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia after transurethral resection of prostate.

The aim of this study was to determine the improvement in symptoms and quality of life in men with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) after transurethral resection of prostate (TURP). Fifty consecutive patients fit for undergoing TURP for BPH were included in this study. All patients were assessed prior to definitive surgical treatment using standardized questionnaires of international prostate symptom score (IPSS) which includes single disease-specific quality of life (QOL) score. Follow up of these patients was done at three months with same questionnaires. Data was analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) for Windows. The mean age and duration of symptom was 68.3 years and 26.7 months respectively. The average volume of prostate was 46.1 cm3. Preoperative IPSS and QOL score were 23.4 and 5.2 respectively; 56.6% of the score was contributed by obstructive symptoms. At three months follow up, the mean IPSS reduced down to 7.9 and QOL score improved to 1.5. The average change in IPSS and QOL score were 15.6 and 3.6; these changes were statistically significant and correlated with preoperative symptom severity. Most of the patients presented with severe symptom associated with decreased QOL. After TURP, there was significant improvement in IPSS and QOL scores. The improvement was graded as good out come and strongly related to preoperative symptom severity.

Estudio flujo-presión de la micción en el hombre / Fluid pressure study of the micturition in men

Pressure-flow study of voiding is, at present, the best method of analysing voiding function quantitatively. It is an invasive second line study by which the relationship between pressure in the bladder and urine flow is measured during bladder emptying. The main use of it is the evaluation of older men with lower urinary tract symptoms. It allows to differentiate between patients with low urinary flow resulting from poor bladder contractility (low detrusor pressure) and those whose low urinary flow is secondary to true bladder outlet obstruction (high detrusor pressure),as well as combined alterations. In this article we describe the International Continence Society (ICS) nomenclature, the bladder detrusor and urethral functions during voiding, as well as some principles of voiding mechanics. We also discuss the analysis of the results in men with bladder outlet obstruction using the Abrams-Griffiths nomogram, the Schãfer nomogram and the ICS nomogram, including the evaluation of bladder contractility.

Estandarización de la terminología de la función del tracto urinario inferior: reporte del Subcomité de Estandarización de la International Continence Society (ICS) / The standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function

Recientemente, la International Continence Society ha desarrollado una serie de reuniones que han dado como fruto, documentos de consenso sobre una serie de temas relevantes para los urólogos dedicados al estudio y tratamiento de las disfunciones del tracto urinario inferior. Estos documentos fijan conceptos y al mismo tiempo dan origen a una terminología estandarizada, que facilita el intercambio científico. Nos ha parecido de gran interés, traducir al español en esta oportunidad el documento The Standardization of Terminology of Lower Urinary Tract Function, trabajando en conjunto en varios países hispanoamericanos y en España, de modo de lograr una terminología uniforme también en nuestro idioma, que posibilite el intercambio en la región. Esperamos que esta iniciativa sea bien recibida por nuestros pares y que sea de real utilidad para el desarrollo de nuestra disciplina. Agradecemos muy especialmente al Dr. Paul Abrams, su ayuda para desarrollar esta iniciativa, del mismo modo que agradecemos a la International Continence Society, por autorizar a nuestro grupo para preparar esta traducción.

An experimental model for the measurement of renal function after temporary ureteral obstruction in the rat

We present the results obtained with a ureterovesical implant after ipsilateral ureteral obstruction in the rat, suitable for the study of renal function after deobstruction in these animals. Thirty-seven male Wistar rats weighing 260 to 300 g were submitted to distal right ureteral ligation and divided into 3 groups, A (N = 13, 1 week of obstruction), B (N = 14,2 weeks of obstruction) and C (N = 10, 3 weeks of obstruction). The animals were then submitted to ureterovesical implantation on the right side and nephrectomy on the left side. During the 4-week follow-up period serum levels of urea and creatinine were measured on the 2nd, 7 th, 14th, 21st and 28th day and compared with preoperative levels. The ureterovesical implantation included a psoas hitch procedure and the ureter was pulled into the bladder using a transvesical suture. During the first week of the postoperative period 8 animals died, 4/13 in group A (1 week of obstruction) and 4/14 in group B (2 weeks of obstruction). When compared to preoperative serum levels, urea and creatinine showed a significant increase (P<0.05) on the 2nd postoperative day in groups A and B, with a gradual return to lower levels. However, the values in group B animals were higher than those in group A at the end of the follow-up. In group C,2/10 animals (after 3 weeks of obstruction) were sacrificed at the time of ureterovesical implantation due to infection of the obstructed kidneys. The remaining animals in this group were operated upon but all of them died during the first week of follow-up due to renal failure. This technique of ureterovesical implantation in the rat provides effective drainage of the upper urinary tract, permitting the development of an experimental model for the study of long-term renal function after period of ureteral obstruction.

Utilización del reservorio continente de indiana en la patología del tracto urinario inferior

El presente artículo revisa los resultados de la aplicación de la Técnica Quirúrgica de Indiana, en 4 pacientes con daño total o parcial en la vejiga causados: por cáncer vesical, 1 por parto distósico y 1 posthistectomía total. Las dos pacientes con fístulas uretrovesicales, cloaca, consultaron por salida permanente de orina por genitales externos. Su edad media fue de 22 años. La prueba del colorante fue positiva en ambas y la cistoscopia confirmó la presencia de fístula uretrovesicovaginal extensa con gran pérdida de tejido vaginal y vesical. La técnica aplicada fue la de Bolsa Continente de Indiana. La morbilidad en postoperatorio inmediato y tardío fue poco significativa y se resolvió satisfactoriamente. La mortalidad(1 caso) no fue inherente a la cirugía(Invasión tumoral de Ca. de vejiga)

Utilidad de la tasa de aceleración del flujo urinario en el diagnóstico de incontinencia urinaria en la mujer / Usefulness of urinary flow acceleration rate in the diagnosis of urinary incontinence in the female

La tasa de aceleración del flujo es un parámetro metamétrico que se obtiene de la uroflujometría. Su utilidad radica en que permite conocer la velocidad de apertura del cuello vesical y la fuerza de contracción del músculo detrusor. Se estudiaron 30 mujeres con problema de incontinencia urinaria. Los valores de la tasa de aceleración fueron superiores tanto en el grupo testigo como en los caracterizados por incontinencia de esfuerzo, mixta y de urgencia con inestabilidad del músculo detrusor informados en la literatura. Se correlacionó la tasa de aceleración con la incontinencia urinaria con inestabilidad del músculo detrusor, que arrojó un valor de 0.812. En este estudio se encontraron discrepancias sobre la utilidad de este parámetro con lo informado con anterioridad. Se discute el valor de la tasa de aceleración a la luz de la experiencia acual.(au)

Abordagem dos distúrbios do trato urinário na mulher pós-menopausada / Approach to urinary tract disorders in the postmenopausal woman

Os distúrbios do trato urinário na mulher pós-menopausada têm importância por sua alta incidência e pela influência negativa na qualidade de vida dessas mulheres. Os autores fazem uma revisäo sobre a fisiopatologia desses distúrbios, salientando os efeitos significativos da queda dos estrogênios, nesse período da vida, sobre o trato geniturinário inferior. Abordam os aspectos diagnósticos e terapêuticos atuais, da incotinência urinária, das infecçöes da svias urinárias e da síndrome uretral. Enfatizam a importância da estrogenioterapia sistêmica e/ou local, nessas diferentes entidades, lembrando os benefícios e os cuidados com essa modalidade terpaêutica. Tecem ainda consideraçöes acerca do tratamento com antibióticos, com drogas adrenérgicas e/ou anticolinérgicos, do tratamento cirúrgico e das técnicas de reeducaçäo vesical nos casos de instabilidade do músculo detrusor. Recomendam, ainda, que os médicos informem e ofereçam os recursos às suas pacientes, propiciando a cura e/ou melhoria dos sintomas urinários dessas mulheres, com expectativa de vida cada vez mais longa