Mpox transmitted through sexual intercourse: three case reports

Introduction: In 2022, many countries, such as Brazil, experienced outbreaks of mpox (formerly called monkeypox) in sexually active people with multiple sexual partners. Objective: Report cases of patients diagnosed with Mpox. Methods: Report three cases of patients diagnosed with Mpox treated at the STD Sector at Universidade Federal Fluminense. Results: We report three cases of young adult patients who spontaneously sought our STD service with wounds in the anogenital area, mouth and other parts of the body. These cases include a 28-year-old man (HIV positive) who had lesions on his penis and body, a 34-year-old man with perianal ulcers and adenopathy, and a 40-year-old man with painful ulcers on his penis. Conclusion: The article provides information on the symptoms, transmission, and prevention of mpox, highlighting the need for early detection, diagnosis, and prompt treatment to contain and prevent the spread of the disease. The cases presented in this study show all the characteristics of a sexually transmitted disease

Introdução: Em 2022, muitos países, como o Brasil, experimentaram surtos de mpox (anteriormente chamada de monkeypox) em pessoas sexualmente ativas com múltiplos parceiros sexuais. Objetivo: Relatar casos de pacientes diagnosticados com mpox. Métodos: Relatar três casos de pacientes com diagnóstico de mpox atendidos no Setor de Doenças Sexualmente Transmissíveis (DST) da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF). Resultados: Relatam-se três casos de pacientes adultos jovens que procuraram espontaneamente o Setor de DST da UFF com feridas na região anogenital, boca e outras partes do corpo. Esses casos incluem um homem de 28 anos (HIV positivo) que apresentava lesões no pênis e no corpo, um homem de 34 anos com úlceras perianais e adenopatia e um homem de 40 anos com úlceras dolorosas no pênis. Conclusão: O artigo fornece informações sobre os sintomas, transmissão e prevenção da mpox, destacando a necessidade de detecção precoce, diagnóstico e tratamento imediato para conter e prevenir a propagação da doença. Os casos apresentados apresentam todas as características de uma doença sexualmente transmissível.

Acceso al diagnóstico rápido de VIH/sífilis en contextos de encierro: relato de experiencia en una unidad penal de la provincia de Buenos Aires en el año 2021 / Access to rapid diagnosis of HIV/syphilis in confinement contexts: an experience report in a penal unit in the province of Buenos Aires in the year 2021

En Argentina se estima que 140 mil personas viven con VIH y de ellas el 17% no conocen su diagnóstico (Ministerio de Salud, 2021). La Dirección de Sida y Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual (DSyETS) del Ministerio de Salud de la Nación realizó un estudio que mostró una prevalencia global de VIH de 2,68% en unidades del servicio penitenciario federal (DSyETS; 2017). Por ello nuestro objetivo fue favorecer el acceso al testeo y a la prevención de estas enfermedades en personas privadas de su libertad en una unidad penal de la provincia de Buenos Aires en el marco de la pandemia. Relato de experiencia: en diciembre del 2021 se ofreció el testeo voluntario, gratuito y confidencial para VIH y sífilis y accedieron 38 personas. Participaron de la actividad docentes, estudiantes del Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Nacional del Sur y referentes del programa de VIH-ITS y HV de la Región Sanitaria I del ministerio de salud de la provincia de Buenos Aires. Conclusiones: Esta experiencia mostró la importancia de construcción de redes para la articulación de prácticas que favorezcan el acceso a un diagnóstico temprano y tratamiento oportuno para VIH y sífilis a las personas viviendo en contexto de encierro (AU)

In Argentina, it is estimated that 140 thousand people live with HIV and 17% of them do not know their diagnosis (Ministry of Health, 2021). The Directorate of AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (DSyETS) of the Ministry of Health of the Nation carried out a study that showed a global prevalence of HIV of 2.68% in units of the federal prison service (DSyETS; 2017). For this reason, our objective was to promote access to testing and the prevention of these diseases in people deprived of their liberty in a penal unit in the province of Buenos Aires in the context of the pandemic. Experience report: in December 2021, voluntary, free and confidential testing for HIV and syphilis was offered and 38 people agreed. Teachers, students from the Department of Health Sciences of the National University of the South and referents of the HIV-STI and HV program of the Sanitary Region I of the Ministry of Health of the province of Buenos Aires participated in the activity. Conclusions: This experience showed the importance of building networks for the articulation of practices that favor access to early diagnosis and timely treatment for HIV and syphilis for people living in a confinement context (AU)

Conductas sexuales por sexo en población universitaria chilena que demanda test rápido de VIH / Sex-disaggregated sexual behaviors among Chilean university students taking a rapid HIV test

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar por sexo una población universitaria que accedió voluntariamente a una prueba de detección rápida del virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). MÉTODO: Estudio analítico de 3864 universitarios/as. Variables: sociodemográficas y académicas, comportamiento sexual, prevalencia de infecciones de transmisión sexual (autorreporte) y motivos para realizarse el test rápido. RESULTADOS: El 61,4% son mujeres, edad media 21,64 años, edad de inicio de la actividad sexual 17,01 años. Actividad sexual casual: 36,8%, destacando los hombres (p < 0,001). Sexo anal: 44,5%. Prevalencia de infecciones de transmisión sexual: 7,5%, destacando los hombres en gonorrea (p < 0,001) y sífilis (p = 0,032). Test rápido VIH (+): 0,2%. Consumo de sustancias durante la actividad sexual: 50%. El 41,1% nunca pregunta a su contacto sexual el estado serológico de VIH, destacando los hombres (p < 0,001), y el 64,4% no sabe si ha tenido una pareja sexual VIH (+), destacando los hombres (p < 0,001). El 16,5% siempre ha usado preservativo, destacando las mujeres (p = < 0,001). El 26,21% usa redes sociales para encuentros sexuales, con diferencias por sexo. CONCLUSIONES: Las mujeres demandan más el test rápido de VIH que los hombres. Existen conductas de riesgo y diferencias por sexo: poco uso del preservativo, relaciones sexuales casuales y bajo la influencia de sustancias, prácticas sexuales anales y orales sin protección, desconocer el estado serológico de su contacto sexual y uso de redes sociales para encuentros sexuales.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize a university population that willingly took a rapid HIV test by sex. METHOD: An analytical study with 3,864 university students. Variables: socio-demographic and academic variables, sexual behavior, (self-reported) STI prevalence, and reasons to take the rapid test. RESULTS: 61.4% are women; average age: 21.64 years; age of first sexual intercourse: 17.01 years; casual sexual activity: 36.8%, mostly men (p < 0,001), anal sex: 44.5%; STI prevalence: 7.5%, with gonorrhea and syphilis being more common among men (p < 0.001 and p < 0.032, respectively; positive rapid HIV test: 0.2%; substance use during sex: 50%. 41.1% of the participants, most of them men (p < 0.001), have never asked their partner about their serologic HIV status, and 64.4% does not know if they have had a HIV+ partner, an attitude that is more prevalent among men (p < 0.001). 16.5% has always used prophylactics, mostly women (p < 0.001). 26.21% uses social networks to arrange sexual encounters. CONCLUSIONS: Women ask more for the rapid HIV test than men. There are several risky behaviors and gender differences: low use of prophylactics, casual sexual relationships under the influence of substances, unprotected anal and oral sex practices, ignorance of their sexual partners serologic status, and the use of social networks for sexual encounters.

Characteristics of a Population with Gender Incongruence Assisted at a Specialized Outpatient Service in the City of Ribeirão Preto / Características de uma população com incongruência de gênero assistida em ambulatório especializado em Ribeirão Preto

Abstract Objective To identify the age when individuals first perceive gender incongruence (GI) and to compare sociodemographic data of female-to-male (FtM) and male-tofemale (MtF) transgender individuals assisted at an outpatient service. Methods The present cross-sectional study was conducted through a review of the medical records of individuals diagnosed with GI at a single specialized outpatient service in the city of Ribeirão Preto, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Results A total of 193 medical records from 2010 to 2018 were evaluated, and 109 (56.5%) patients had GI since childhood. The FtM transgender individuals perceived GI in childhood more often than the MtF transgender individuals (odds ratio [OR]: 2.06, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.11-3.81) Unattended hormone use was highest among the MtF group (69.6% versus 32.3%; OR: 4.78, 95%CI: 2.53-9.03). All of the individuals who were engaged in prostitution or were diagnosed with a sexuallytransmitted infection, including HIV, were in the MtF group. Conclusion Despite the more prevalent perception of GI in childhood among the FtM group, social issues were more prevalent among the MtF group, which may be the result of social marginalization.

Resumo Objetivo Identificar o período da vida emque indivíduos indentificaram pela primeira vez sua incongruência de gênero (IG), e comparar os dados sociodemográficos de homens e mulheres transgêneros (trans) atendidos em um ambulatório. Métodos Estudo transversal realizado por meio de revisão dos prontuários de pessoas com IG em ambulatório especializado de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil. Resultados Foram avaliados 193 prontuários de 2010 a 2018, e 109 (56.5%) pacientes apresentavamIG desde a infância. Homens trans perceberam a IG na infância com mais frequência do que as mulheres trans (razão de probabilidades [RP]: 2.06, intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%]: 1.11-3.81). O uso de hormônio sem supervisão foi maior entre as mulheres trans (69.6% versus 32.3%; RP: 4.78; IC95%: 2.53-9.03). Todos as pessoas que estavam inseridas na prostituição ou que apresentavam algum diagnóstico de infecção sexualmente transmissível, incluindo o HIV, eram mulherestrans. Conclusão Apesar da percepção mais prevalente da IG na infância entre homens trans, os agravos sociais foram mais prevalentes entre as mulheres trans, o que pode ser resultado da marginalização social.

Conhecimentos, percepções e itinerários terapêuticos de travestis e mulheres trans no cuidado a infecções sexualmente transmissíveis em Salvador, Brasil / Knowledge, perceptions and therapeutic itineraries of travestis and transgender woman in the care of sexually transmitted infections in Salvador, Brazil / Conocimientos, percepciones e rutas terapéuticas de travestis y mujeres trans en la atención de enfermedades de transmisión sexual en Salvador, Brasil

Resumo O artigo objetivou analisar conhecimentos, percepções, práticas de cuidado e Itinerrários Terapêuticos (IT) para o diagnóstico e tratamento das Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (IST), com destaque para sífilis, entre Travestis e Mulheres Trans (TrMT) em Salvador, Brasil. Foram realizados 05 grupos focais e 06 entrevistas semiestruturadas com 30 TrMT. Os achados apontam amplo desconhecimento e percepções contraditórias sobre as IST, especialmente a sífilis; identificação de duas importantes trajetórias de cuidado às IST e o destaque para IT marcados por estigmas e discriminação nos serviços de saúde. Sugere-se a ampliação das ações de saúde para essa população reconhecendo suas necessidades e a construção de novas estratégias de prevenção e tratamento para IST, dialogadas com as TrMT, e garantia de autonomia, ética e sigilo na produção do cuidado.

Abstract The article aimed to analyze knowledge, perceptions, care practices and Therapeutic Itineraries (TI) for the diagnosis and treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD), with emphasis on syphilis, among travesti and transgender women (TGW) in Salvador, Brazil. 05 focus groups and 06 semi-structured interviews with travesti/TGW were carried out with a total of 30 participants. The findings point to a wide lack of knowledge and contradictory perceptions about STD, especially syphilis; identification of two important trajectories of care for STD and the emphasis on TI marked by stigma and discrimination in health services. The expansion of health actions for this population is suggested, recognizing their needs and the construction of new prevention and treatment strategies for STD, in dialogue with the travesti/TGW, and guaranteeing autonomy, ethics and confidentiality in the production of care.

Resumen El artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar conocimientos, percepciones, prácticas de atención y Rutas Terapêuticas (RT) para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las Enfermedades de Transmisión Sexual (ETS), con énfasis en la sífilis, entre las travestidas y mujeres trans (TrMT) en Salvador, Brasil. Se realizaron 05 grupos focales y 06 entrevistas semiestructuradas con 30 TrMT. Los hallazgos apuntan a una amplia falta de conocimiento y percepciones contradictorias sobre las ETS, especialmente la sífilis; identificación de dos importantes trayectorias de atención a las ETS y el énfasis en las RT marcadas por el estigma y la discriminación en los servicios de salud. Se sugiere ampliar las acciones de salud para esta población, reconociendo sus necesidades y la construcción de nuevas estrategias de prevención y tratamiento de las ETS, en diálogo con el TrMT, y garantizando la autonomía, ética y confidencialidad en la producción de cuidados.

Fatores associados ao diagnóstico da sífilis adquirida em usuários de um centro de testagem e aconselhamento / Factors associated with the diagnosis of acquired syphilis in users of a testing and counseling center / Factores asociados al diagnóstico de sífilis adquirida en usuarios de un centro de pruebas y asesoramiento

Objetivo: analisar a frequência de sífilis entre os usuários do Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento de Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, e os fatores associados à infecção. Método: trata-se de um estudo transversal, com componentes descritivos e analíticos, realizado com usuários atendidos no serviço entre 2014 e 2019. Os dados foram coletados de fonte secundária, por amostragem aleatória e sistemática. Resultados: a amostra foi composta por 957 formulários de usuários e a frequência de casos de testes rápidos reagentes para sífilis foi de 11,3%, com distribuição semelhante entre os sexos. O diagnóstico da sífilis se associou de forma significativa às variáveis: situação conjugal, idade, escolaridade, quantidade de parcerias sexuais, orientação sexual e uso de drogas no último ano. Conclusão: programas de aconselhamento e testagem rápida devem ser incentivados para prevenção e diminuição das infecções sexualmente transmissíveis em Montes Claros e em todo país

Objective: to analyze the frequency of syphilis among users of the Testing and Counseling Center in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, and the factors associated with the infection. Method: this is a cross-sectional study, with descriptive and analytical components, carried out with users seen at the service between 2014 and 2019. Data were collected from a secondary source, by random and systematic sampling. Results: the sample consisted of 957 user forms and the frequency of cases of rapid reactive tests for syphilis was 11.3%, with similar distribution between genders. The diagnosis of syphilis was significantly associated with the variables: marital status, age, education, number of sexual partners, sexual orientation and drug use in the last year. Conclusion:counseling and rapid testing programs should be encouraged to prevent and reduce sexually transmitted infections in Montes Claros and across the country

Objetivo: analizar la frecuencia de sífilis entre los usuarios del Centro de Asesoramiento y Pruebas en Montes Claros, Minas Gerais y los factores asociados a la infección. Método: se trata de un estudio transversal, con componentes descriptivos y analíticos, realizado con usuarios atendidos en el servicio entre 2014 y 2019. Los datos se recolectaron de una fuente secundaria, mediante muestreo aleatorio y sistemático. Resultados: la muestra estuvo conformada por 957 formularios de usuario y la frecuencia de casos de pruebas reactivas rápidas para sífilis fue de 11,3%, con distribución similar entre géneros. El diagnóstico de sífilis se asoció significativamente con las variables: estado civil, edad, educación, número de parejas sexuales, orientación sexual. y consumo de drogas en el último año. Conclusión: se deben fomentar los programas de asesoramiento y pruebas rápidas para prevenir y reducir las infecciones de transmisión sexual en Montes Claros y en todo el país

Receiving Human Immunodeficiency Virus Serostatus Disclosure from Male Sexual Partners and Related Factors among Men Who Have Sex with Men Aged 50 and Above / 中国医学科学院学报

Objective To investigate the rate and correlates of receiving human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) serostatus disclosure from their most recent male sexual partners among men who have sex with men(MSM) aged 50 and above. Methods With a geosocial networking application,we recruited participants through online convenience sampling to collect the demographic variables,behavioral information,receiving HIV serostatus disclosure,etc.Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to interpret the associated factors of receiving HIV serostatus disclosure. Results Overall,38.4%(398/1037) of participants received HIV serostatus disclosure from their most recent male sexual partners.The multivariable analysis demonstrated that the following populations were less likely to receive HIV serostatus disclosure from their most recent male sexual partners:participants with junior high school degree or below(OR=0.660,95%CI=0.473-0.922, P=0.015) compared to those with senior high school degree or above;participants unemployed(OR=0.537,95%CI=0.322-0.896, P=0.017) and employed(OR=0.663,95%CI=0.466-0.944, P=0.022) compared to those retired;participants without knowledge about HIV or acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS) compared to those with knowledge about HIV/AIDS(OR=0.636,95%CI=0.466-0.868, P=0.004);participants having ≥2 male sexual partners in the last year(OR=0.433,95%CI=0.320-0.586, P<0.001) compared to those having none or one male sexual partner;participants never been tested for HIV(OR=0.544,95%CI=0.403-0.734, P<0.001) compared to those ever been tested for HIV;participants ever been diagnosed to have sexually transmitted infection(STI)(OR=0.472,95%CI=0.349-0.637, P<0.001) compared to those never diagnosed to have STI;and participants with higher level of HIV stigma(OR=0.742,95%CI=0.604-0.912, P=0.005). Conclusions Our findings indicated that the MSM aged 50 and above had low possibility of receiving HIV serostatus disclosure from the most recent male sexual partners.Education,employment status,number of sexual partners,HIV/AIDS-related knowledge,HIV testing behaviors,STI infection history,and HIV stigma contributed to this result.

Abordaje integral de la Interrupción Voluntaria del Embarazo: (segunda entrega) / Comprehensive approach to the voluntary interruption of pregnancy: (second issue)

La legalización de la interrupción voluntaria del embarazo ha transformado la práctica médica con respecto a la atención de las pacientes que desean interrumpir la gestación hasta la semana 14 en Argentina. En la primera entrega, el equipo PROFAM compartió su punto de vista a través de una adaptación de su material educativo destinado, sobre todo, a aclarar los aspectos legales que hacen a la práctica cotidiana. En esta entrega se desarrolla en detalle el procedimiento para realizar un aborto farmacológico con misoprostol y mifepristona, así como las generalidades del aspirado manual endouterino. (AU)

The legalization of voluntary termination of pregnancy has transformed medical practice regarding the care of patients who wish to terminate a pregnancy up to 14 weeks in Argentina. In the first issue, the PROFAM team shared its point of view through an adaptation of its educational material aimed, above all, at clarifying the legal aspects of daily practice. In this issue, the procedure to perform a pharmacological abortion with misoprostol and mifepristone is developed in detail, as well as the generalities of manual uterine aspiration technique. (AU)

Proctitis y enfermedad perianal de causa infecciosa: una mirada más allá de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal / Infectious proctitis and perianal disease: a gaze beyond inflammatory bowel disease

Resumen La proctitis infecciosa secundaria a una enfermedad de transmisión sexual ha aumentado en incidencia y deben ser consideradas especial-mente en varones homosexuales o bisexuales con síntomas rectales. Presentamos un paciente con una proctitis y enfermedad perianal por Chlamydia trachomatis que podría haber sido diagnosticado con otra enfermedad ano-rectal como es la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, si la historia clínica no hubiese sido considerada. Un alto nivel de sospecha es necesario para evitar un diagnóstico incorrecto, retrasar el tratamiento antimicrobiano y el desarrollo de complicaciones.

Abstract Infectious proctitis by sexually transmitted diseases are increasing in incidence and should be considered in homosexual patients with rectal symptoms. In this case, we show a patient with proctitis and perianal disease caused by Chlamydia trachomatis that could be diagnosed as another anorectal disease such as inflammatory bowel disease if the clinical history is not taken into account. A high level of suspicion is crucial, in order to avoid an incorrect diagnosis, delayed antibiotic therapy and the development of complications.

Importância do diagnóstico precoce da Chlamydia trachomatis / Importance of early diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis

A OMS estima que mais de 1 milhão de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis é adquirido todos os dias em todo o mundo. Dentre as ISTs, a clamídia é a principal causa da doença inflamatória pélvica e de infertilidade em mulheres em todo o mundo. Para esta pesquisa foi realizada uma revisão sistemática. O processo de revisão foi realizado através de uma busca na base de dados eletrônica, como PubMed, Scielo, Google Acadêmico, e em livros didáticos, utilizando os descritores infertilidade, IST, Chlamydia trachomatis. O objetivo deste estudo é buscar na literatura estudos que relatam a relação da Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) com problemas de infertilidade e os melhores métodos de diagnósticos e custo/benefício. O estudo concluiu que a CT é uma IST bastante prevalente no mundo e preocupante devido às complicações que muitas vezes são irreversíveis, como a infertilidade. Dentre os testes existentes no mercado, a PCR e a captura híbrida foram os que apresentaram melhor sensibilidade e especificidade.

The WHO estimates that more than 1 million sexually transmitted infections are acquired every day worldwide. Among STIs, chlamydia is the main cause of pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility in women worldwide. For this research a systematic review was carried out. The review process was carried out through a search in the electronic database, such as Pubmed, Scielo, Google Scholar and in textbooks, using the descriptors infertility, IST, Chlamydia trachomatis. The aim of this study is to search the literature for studies that report the relationship between CT and infertility problems and the best diagnostic methods and cost benefit. The study concludes that CT is an STI that is quite prevalent in the world and worrisome due to complications that are often irreversible such as infertility. Among the tests on the market, PCR and hybrid capture showed the best sensitivity and specificity.

Brazilian protocol for sexually transmitted infections, 2020: infections that cause cervicitis

Abstract Infections that cause cervicitis are a topic presented in the "Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections", published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2020. The document was developed based on scientific evidence and validated in discussions with experts. This article presents epidemiological and clinical aspects of infections that cause cervicitis and recommendations on screening, diagnosis, and treatment of affected people and their sexual partnerships. Also, it discusses strategies for surveillance, prevention, and control of these infections for health professionals and health service managers involved in the programmatic and operational management of sexually transmitted infections. Expanding access to diagnostic tests and early treatment are crucial for controlling the spread of pathogens that cause cervicitis.

Brazilian protocol for sexually transmitted infections 2020: viral hepatitis

Abstract This article discusses viral hepatitis, a theme addressed by the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines to Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections and, more precisely, by the Clinical Protocols and Therapeutic Guidelines for Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C and Coinfections, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Besides the broad spectrum of health impairment, hepatitis A, B, and C viruses also present different transmission forms, whether parenteral, sexual, vertical, or fecal-oral. Among the strategies suggested for the control of viral hepatitis, in addition to behavioral measures, are expanded diagnosis, early vaccination against hepatitis A and hepatitis B viruses, and access to available therapeutic resources. Considering vertical transmission of the hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses, screening for pregnant women with chronic hepatitis B and C is an essential perinatal health strategy, indicating with precision those who can benefit from the prophylactic interventions.

Brazilian protocol for sexually transmitted infections, 2020: pelvic inflammatory disease

Abstract Pelvic Inflammatory Disease is a topic included in the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2020. Pelvic inflammatory disease is an upper female genital tract acute infection due to canalicular spread of endogenous cervicovaginal microorganisms and especially the sexually transmitted microorganisms. Standing out among the etiological agents involved are Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The main sequelae are chronic pelvic pain, infertility, and ectopic pregnancy. Clinical diagnosis is the most important practical approach. Antibiotic treatment must start immediately after the clinical suspicion. Guidelines for health service managers and health professionals on diagnostic tests, treatment, follow-up, counseling, notification, handling sexual partners and special populations are described. Given the increased availability of the molecular biology techniques in Brazil, C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae screening are recommended as a disease prevention strategy.

Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections, 2020: congenital syphilis and child exposed to syphilis

Abstract The topics of congenital syphilis and children exposed to syphilis compose the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2020. Such document was elaborated based on scientific evidence and validated in discussions with specialists. This article provides guidelines for syphilis in pregnant women and congenital syphilis clinical management, emphasizing the vertical transmission of Treponema pallidum prevention. Epidemiological and clinical aspects of these infections are presented and recommendations for managers in the programmatic and operational management of syphilis. The article also includes guidelines for health professionals in screening, diagnosing, and treating people with sexually transmitted infections and their sex partners, in addition to strategies for surveillance actions, prevention, and control of the disease.

Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: epidemiological surveillance

Abstract This article summarizes the chapter on epidemiological surveillance of sexually transmitted infections (STI) that comprises the 2020 Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines (PCDT) for Comprehensive Care for People with STI, published by the Health Surveillance Department of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. It presents some reflections on the new case definitions for surveillance of acquired syphilis, syphilis in pregnant women, and congenital syphilis. The 2020 PCDT-IST was elaborated grounded on scientific evidence and validated in discussions with specialists. Epidemiological and clinical aspects are addressed, and health service managers' guidelines regarding programmatic and operational management of these diseases are presented. Guidelines for health professionals on screening, diagnosing, and treating people with STI and their sex partners, in addition to strategies for surveillance, prevention, and control actions, are also published.

Brazilian protocol for sexually transmitted infections, 2020: sexually transmitted enteric infections

Abstract The sexually transmitted enteric infections topic is one of the chapters of the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2020. The document was developed based on scientific evidence and validated in discussions with specialists. This article presents epidemiological and clinical aspects of these infections and guidance for service managers on their programmatic and operational management. The aim is to assist health professionals with screening, diagnosis, and treatment of people with sexually transmitted enteric infections and their sexual partners, in addition to supporting strategies for their surveillance, prevention, and control.

El Linfogranuloma venéreo rectal: presentación clínica emergente / Rectal lymphogranuloma venereum: an emergent clinical presentation

El linfogranuloma venéreo (LGV) es una enfermedad de transmisión sexual (ETS) poco frecuente causada por los serotipos L1, L2 y L3 de Chlamydia trachomatis.Desde hace más de una década se produjo un aumento de la incidencia de proctitis por LGV casi exclusivamente en hombres que tienen sexo con hombres con prácticas sexuales de riesgo para ETS.Se presentan cuatro casos con LGV rectal

Lymphogranuloma venereum is a rare sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by serotypes L1, L2 and L3 of Chlamydia trachomatis.For over a decade, there has been a considerable increase in the incidence of LGV proctitis in almost exclusively men who have sex with men with STI risk behaviors.Four cases of rectal LGV are reported

Protocolo Brasileiro para Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis 2020: infecções que causam corrimento vaginal / Brazilian Protocol for Sexually Transmitted Infections 2020: infections causing vaginal discharge / Protocolo Brasileño para Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual 2020: infecciones que causan flujo vaginal

O tema corrimento vaginal é um dos capítulos que compõem o Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas para Atenção Integral às Pessoas com Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis, publicado pelo Ministério da Saúde do Brasil em 2020. Tal documento foi elaborado com base em evidências científicas e validado em discussões com especialistas. Neste artigo, são apresentados aspectos epidemiológicos e clínicos relacionados às situações de corrimento vaginal, bem como orientações aos gestores e profissionais de saúde na triagem, diagnóstico e tratamento desses agravos, que constituem uma das principais queixas entre mulheres que procuram serviços de saúde e que podem ser causados por fatores infecciosos ou não infecciosos. Além disso, são apresentadas informações sobre estratégias para as ações de vigilância, prevenção e controle, a fim de promover o conhecimento do problema e a oferta de assistência de qualidade e tratamento efetivo.

The topic of vaginal discharge is one of the chapters of the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care for People with Sexually Transmitted Infections, published by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in 2020. The chapter has been developed based on scientific evidence and validated in discussions with specialists. This article presents epidemiological and clinical aspects related to vaginal discharge conditions, as well as guidelines for health service managers and health professionals about screening, diagnosing and treating these conditions, which are one of the main complaints among women seeking health services, and which may be caused by infectious or non-infectious factors. In addition, information is presented on strategies for surveillance, prevention and control actions, in order to promote knowledge of the problem and provision of quality care and effective treatment.

El tema del flujo vaginal es uno de los capítulos del Protocolo Clínico y Directrices Terapéuticas para la Atención Integral a las Personas con Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual, publicado por el Ministerio de Salud de Brasil en 2020. El documento fue desarrollado en base a evidencia científica y validado en discusiones con especialistas. En este artículo se presentan aspectos epidemiológicos y clínicos relacionados a las situaciones de flujo vaginal, así como pautas para gestores y profesionales de la salud en el cribado, diagnóstico y tratamiento de esas complicaciones, que son una de las principales quejas entre las mujeres que buscan servicios de salud y que pueden ser causadas por factores infecciosos o no infecciosos. Además, se presenta información sobre estrategias para acciones de vigilancia, prevención y control, con el fin de promover la comprensión del problema y la oferta de asistencia de calidad y tratamiento eficaz.