Diverticulitis vesical: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Bladder diverticulitis: case report and literature review

Se presenta un caso de diverticulitis vesical en un paciente de 60 años con antecedente de obstrucción crónica al tracto de salida vesical (estenosis uretral), quien consulta por dolor pelviano inespecífico. Por lo anterior se realiza Resonancia Magnética (RM) de pelvis, que demuestra la presencia de un divertículo vesical de pared engrosada con cambios inflamatorios, los que comprometen además, la grasa peri-vesical. Este divertículo había sido detectado en RM pelviana un año antes. Se comenta el caso clínico, sus hallazgos a la RM y revisión de la literatura...

We report a case of bladder diverticulitis in a 60 years old patient with a history of chronic lower urinary tract obstruction (urethral stricture), who consulted for nonspecific pelvic pain. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was obtained, demonstrating the presence of a bladder diverticulum with a thick wall and inflammatory changes involving the perivesical fat. The diverticulum had been detected on pelvic MRI a year earlier. We discuss the clinical case, the MRI findings and a review of the literature....

Haga su diagnóstico / Make your diagnosis

El diagnóstico es: síndrome megavejiga-microcolon-hipoperistaltismo intestinal: SMMHI

Rectal impalement with bladder perforation: a review from a single institution

Impalement injuries of the rectum with bladder perforation have been rarely reported. Such lesions have been associated with increased postoperative morbidity. A well-conducted preoperative evaluation of the lesions tends to prevent such complications. To increase awareness about patients with rectal impalement that involve bladder injuries and to examine the significance of thorough clinical examination and complementary investigation for these patients' management. Retrospectively, we identified three patients with rectal impalement and bladder perforation treated in University Hospital Hassan 2, Fez, Morocco. We recorded the symptoms, subsequent management, and further follow-up for each patient. All available variables of published cases were reviewed and analyzed. Evident urologic symptoms were present in only one patient. Bladder perforation was suspected in two other patients on the basis of anterior rectal perforation in digital exam. Retrograde uroscanner could definitely confirm the diagnosis of bladder perforation. Fecal and urine diversion was the basis of the treatment. No postoperative complications were noted. We have reviewed 14 previous reports. They are presented mainly with urine drainage through the rectum. Radiologic investigation [retrograde cystography and retrograde uroscanner] confirmed bladder perforation in 10 patients [71.4%]. Unnecessary laparotomy was performed in six patients [42.8%]. Fecal diversion and urinary bladder decompression using urethral catheter were the most performed procedures in bladder perforation [6/14 patients [42.8%]]. No specific postoperative complications were reported. A high index of clinical suspicion is required to make the diagnosis of bladder perforation while assessing patients presenting with rectal impalement. Meticulous preoperative assessment is the clue of successful management

Schistosomiasis mansoni of the bladder simulating bladder cancer: a case report / Esquistossomose mansônica simulando câncer de bexiga: relato de caso

The relationship between bladder tumors and Schistosoma haematobium is well known, but only sporadic cases of bladder infection due to Schistosoma mansoni have been reported. In this case, a 48-year-old woman with macroscopic hematuria, dysuria and a palpable abdominal mass was investigated. Ultrasound showed a large exophytic mass in the bladder. Transurethral resection of the bladder revealed viable eggs of Schistosoma mansoni. The patient was treated clinically with oxamniquine and surgery was performed to resect the large mass. This case shows that schistosomiasis Mansoni in the bladder can simulate bladder cancer.

É bem conhecida a relação entre tumor vesical e Schistosoma haematobium, porém somente casos esporádicos de infecção vesical por Schistosoma mansoni foram relatados. Neste caso, uma mulher de 48 anos com hematúria macroscópica, disúria e massa abdominal palpável foi investigada, ultra-sonografia mostrou uma grande massa exofítica na bexiga. A ressecção transuretral de bexiga evidenciou ovos viáveis de Schistosoma mansoni. A paciente foi tratada clinicamente com oxaminiquine e uma cirurgia foi realizada para ressecar a grande massa. Este caso mostra que a esquistossomose mansônica vesical pode simular um câncer vesical.

Abdome agudo: ruptura espontânea de bexiga como um importante diagnóstico diferencial / Acute abdomen: spontaneous bladder rupture as an important differential diagnosis

A case of spontaneous perforation of the bladder in a diabetic female patient is reported. It is a rare clinical condition, that should be suspected in patients with a past history of radiotherapy to the pelvis, enterocystoplasty and those suspected of having a tumor in the bladder. A general surgeon should be aware of this possibility in the differential diagnosis of an acute abdomen.

Rotura espontánea de vejiga urinaria post parto vaginal / Spontaneous rupture of urinary bladder

Antecedentes: La rotura de la vejiga en el post parto es una condición poco común y cuando ocurre se convierte en una emergencia que requiere un diagnóstico y tratamiento inmediato. Caso clínico: Paciente de 41 años, multípara de 4, se presenta al Servicio de Urgencia 4 días después del parto, con distensión abdominal progresiva asociado a oliguria y dolor abdominal de tres días de duración. Los exámenes de laboratorio revelaron presencia de marcada elevación de las concentraciones de urea y creatinina. La ecografía abdominal reveló la presencia de ascitis con hígado y riñones de aspecto normales. Las condiciones de la paciente empeoran y se decide efectuar laparotomía exploradora, encontrándose una lesión vertical en la cara posterior de vejiga de 5 cm, orina libre en abdomen y signos de peritonitis. Se efectúa sutura vesical. No se reconoce rotura uterina. Se retira sonda vesical al décimo día y es dada de alta con buena función vesical. Conclusión: La rotura espontánea de la vejiga urinaria post parto es extremadamente rara. Un diagnóstico temprano y la exploración inmediata disminuye la morbilidad y mortalidad en esta condición.

Background: Bladder rupture in an uncommon condition and when it occurs is converted in an emergency and require immediate diagnosis and treatment. Case report: A 41-year-old patient, IV para, assisted four days after vaginal delivery with progressive abdominal distention, associated with oliguria and abdominal pain of three days of duration. Laboratory showed the presence of a marked elevation of urea and creatinine concentrations. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed the presence of ascites with normal liver and kidneys. Patients conditions worsened and a laparotomy is done, where a 5 cm vertical lesion of bladder in his posterior face were found, with free urine in abdomen and peritonitis signs. Bladder was sutured. Uterine rupture is not recognized. Foley catheter was withdrawn to the tenth day and the patient was discharged with good bladder function. Conclusions: Postpartum spontaneous bladder rupture is extremely rare. Early diagnosis and immediate exploration diminish morbidity and mortality in this condition.

Dystrophic Calcification and Stone Formation on the Entire Bladder Neck After Potassium-titanyl Phosphate Laser Vaporization for the Prostate: A Case Report

Dystrophic calcification can be defined as a calcification that occurs in degenerated or necrotic tissue. It is associated with multiple clinical conditions, such as collagen vascular diseases. It involves the deposition of calcium in soft tissues despite no generalized disturbance in the calcium or phosphorus metabolism, and this is often seen at sites of previous inflammation or damage. Potassium-titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser vaporization of the prostate is safe and relatively bloodless procedure that results in a shorter catheterization, immediate symptomatic improvement, and less severe postoperative irritative symptoms. However, longer follow-up studies or reports about complications are lacking. Here in we report a case of dystrophic calcification and stone formation on the entire bladder neck after performing KTP laser vaporization of benign prostate hyperplasia. That was treated by lithotripsy and transurethral resection.

Localized amyloidosis of urinary bladder: a diagnostic dilemma.

Amyloidosis is a heterogeneous group of disorders affecting a single-or multiple-organ system and presents as generalized or localized disease. Both generalized amyloidosis and localized amyloidosis can be primary or secondary. Localized amyloidosis affects organs like urinary bladder, lung, larynx, skin, tongue and the region around the eye, producing detectable nodular masses which are clinically suspected as malignancy. We present six cases of localized urinary bladder amyloidosis that were clinically and cystoscopically suspected as bladder tumor or cystitis, which occurred over a period of last 10 years. Histology in all cases revealed diagnosis of primary amyloidosis. None of them had any stigmata of secondary disease. The cases were treated by simple transurethral resection of bladder. Two out of the six cases recurred after 3 to 5 years of initial presentation and were asymptomatic thereafter. Amyloidosis of the bladder is a rare condition which often mimics bladder neoplasm clinically and cystoscopically and histological examination is a must for definite diagnosis and proper management.

Prognostic factors for late urinary toxicity grade 2-3 after conformal radiation therapy on patients with prostate cancer

OBJECTIVE: Identify prognostic factors associated to late urinary toxicity in patients with prostate cancer submitted to radical conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) MATERIALS AND METHODS: From July 1997 to January 2002, 285 patients with localized prostate cancer were consecutively treated with 3DCRT and retrospectively analyzed. Thirty seven (13 percent) patients were submitted to transurethral prostate resection previously to 3DCRT. The median dose delivered to the prostate was 7920 cGy (7020-8460). Patient and treatment characteristics were analyzed and correlated to late urinary toxicity grade 2-3, especially whether certain radiation doses applied to certain bladder volumes, when visualized through computerized tomography (CT) planning, correlated with the observed actuarial incidences of late urinary complications, using bladder volume as a continuous variable RESULTS: On a median follow-up of 53.6 months (3.6-95.3), the 5-year actuarial free from late urinary toxicity grade 2-3 survival was 91.1 percent. Seven and fifteen patients presented late urinary toxicity grades 2 and 3, respectively. Prior transurethral resection of prostate and radiation dose over 70 Gy on 30 percent of initial bladder volume were independent prognostic factors for late urinary toxicity grade 2-3 CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that restricting radiation doses to 70 Gy or less on 30 percent of bladder volume, visualized through CT planning, may reduce late urinary complications. It furthermore suggests that patients with prior transurethral resection of prostate may indicate a group of patients with a greater risk for late urinary toxicity grade 2-3 after 3DCRT.

A História do estudo urodinâmico / The Urodynamic studies history

O estudo urodinâmico é definido pela Sociedade Internacional de Continência como a avaliação morfológica, fisiológica, bioquímica e hidrodinâmica do trasmporte urinário. São vários os parâmetros avaliados durante a fase de enchimento ou esvaziamento vesical. O estudo é indispensável para o diagnóstico das disfunções vesicais, pois muitas vezes os sintomas urinários são similares, mesmo quando as etiologias são diferentes. Este artigo revê a história do estudo urodinâmico, cujo primeiro registro de medida da pressão vesical ocorreu de forma acidental, em 1882. Ao longo dos anos, observamos uma tendência à padronização da terminologia do trato urinário inferior, e dos parâmetros do estudo urodinâmico. Os equipamentos também evoluíram e atualmente a videourodinâmica e a urodinâmica ambulatorial são instrumentos importantes no estabelecimento de diagnósticos mais precisos.

Placenta percreta with bladder invasion. A plea for multidisciplinary approach

Placenta previa percreta with the urinary bladder invasion is a rare but potentially lethal condition. It has an increasing clinical significance due to its association with previous cesarean sections and uterine curettage. Herein, we report on a patient with placenta percreta and bladder invasion, who presented with hematuria and in whom delivery was delayed to almost full term highlighting the potential catastrophic results and the need for a multidisciplinary approach with the need to involve surgeons who are familiar with vascular and urologic surgery. We also present an elegant MRI of placenta percreta invading the urinary bladder, which shows that MRI is potentially an excellent diagnostic modality in this difficult condition

A multidisciplinary approach to surgical management of placenta previa percreta with bladder invasion: a case report

Placenta previa percreta with bladder invasion occurs rarely. However this disorder has become more common since the increased rate of cesarean deliveries. We present a 26 year old gravida 3, para 2-0-1-2 female with placenta previa, percreta and bladder invasion to stress out the importance of early recognition of this life threatening condition and to point out that the good outcome of this case was mainly due to the multidisciplinary approach chosen during the preoperative and post operative management. The Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Radiology, Anesthesiology, Urology, Neonatology and Pathology were fully involved. A surgical management was chosen since it is the most common and more accepted treatment of placenta previa percreta with bladder invasion.

Voiding dysfunction and urodynamic abnormalities in elderly patients

Disfunções do trato urinário inferior são uma causa importante de morbidade e diminuição da qualidade de vida em homens e mulheres idosos. Com o envelhecimento progressivo da população, é importante compreender os distúrbios miccionais mais comuns nesta população. A maioria dos problemas miccionais em homens idosos tem origem multifatorial, requerendo uma avaliação ampla dos órgãos do trato urinário inferior, da capacidade funcional e neurológica dos pacientes e dos problemas clínicos coexistentes. A avaliação urodinâmica é uma ferramenta importante na investigação de pacientes idosos com sintomas do trato urinário inferior. Ela não é necessária em todos os casos e só deve ser indicada após a exclusão de problemas não urológicos e potencialmente reversíveis que poderiam causar ou contribuir para os sintomas miccionais. Embora os exames urodinâmicos possam revelar diagnósticos comuns como obstrução vesical ou incontinência urinária de esforço, na população idosa é freqüente a ocorrência de achados como hiperatividade detrusora e falência da contratilidade vesical, com implicações prognósticas e terapêuticas importantes. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever os problemas urológicos mais comuns nos idosos e discutir as indicações e características dos exames urodinâmicos nestas condições.