Complicaciones perianales causadas por agentes modeladores inyectados en glúteos / Perianal complications caused by gluteal injection of modeling agents

En este reporte presentamos tres pacientes en quienes ocurrieron condiciones inflamatorias perianales tardías, luego de la administración de sustancias modeladoras no identificadas en los glúteos. El diagnóstico inicial y supuesto no fue correcto, ya que no se investigó durante la evaluación preliminar el antecedente de la administración de elementos modeladores. Recomendamos que los pacientes con patologías inflamatorias del ano, sobre todo aquellos cuyo curso es extraño, se les pregunte acerca de la administración de agentes modeladores en los glúteos. Esta práctica puede contribuir a la eficacia del diagnóstico de manifestaciones perianales caracterizadas por flogosis, que se presentan de forma inusual. (AU)

In this report we present three patients in which late perianal inflammatory conditions occurred after administration of unidentified modeling agents to the buttocks. The initial diagnosis was not correct because of the administration of modeling agents was not investigated during the initial eval-uation. We recommend inquiring patients with inflammatory pathologies of the anus, especially those whose course is unusual, about the adminis-tration of modeling agents to the buttocks. This approach can contribute to the efficiency of the diagnosis of perianal complaints characterized by inflammation, but rare in its appearance. (AU)

Clinical application and standardized implementation of intersphincteric resection / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Intersphincteric resection (ISR) is the ultimate sphincter-preserving surgical technique for low rectal cancer. To promote the standardized implementation of ISR, this review discusses the important issues regarding the clinical application of ISR with reference to the latest Chinese expert consensus on ISR. In terms of ISR-related pelvic anatomy of the rectum/anal canal, hiatal ligament is not identical with the anococcygeal ligament. At the level where the rectourethralis muscle continuously extends to the posteroinferior area of the membranous urethra from the rectum, the neurovascular bundle is identified between the posterior edge of rectourethralis muscle and the anterior edge of the longitudinal muscle of the rectum. This knowledge is crucial to detect the anterior dissection plane during ISR at the levator hiatus level. The indication criteria for ISR included: (1) stage I early low rectal cancer; (2) stage II-III low rectal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant treatment, and supra-anal tumors and juxta-anal tumors of stage ycT3NxM0, or intra-anal tumors of stage ycT2NxM0. However, signet ring cell carcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma should be contraindicated to ISR. For locally advanced low rectal cancer (especially anteriorly located tumor), neoadjuvant treatment should be carried out in a standardized manner. However, it should be recognized that neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was a risk factor for poor anal function after ISR. For surgical approaches for ISR, including transanal, transabdominal, and transanal transabdominal approaches, the choice should be based on oncological safety and functional consequences. While ensuring the negative margin, maximal preservation of rectal walls and anal canal contributs to better postoperative anorectal function. Careful attention must be paid to complications regarding ISR, with special focus on the anastomotic complications. The incidence of low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) was higher than 40%. However, this issue is often neglected by clinicians. Thus, management and rehabilitation strategies for LARS with longer follow-ups were required.

Perioperative management and operative treatment of malignant tumor of anal canal merging severe abdominal protuberance / 中华胃肠外科杂志

Objective: To report the perioperative management and robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery results of one case with malignant tumor of anal canal combined with severe abdominal distention. Methods: A 66-year-old male suffer from adenocarcinoma of anal canal (T3N0M0) with megacolon, megabladder and scoliosis. The extreme distention of the colon and bladder result in severe abdominal distention. The left diaphragm moved up markedly and the heart was moved to the right side of the thoracic cavity. Moreover, there was also anal stenosis with incomplete intestinal obstruction. Preoperative preparation: fluid diet, intravenous nutrition and repeated enema to void feces and gas in the large intestine 1 week before operation. Foley catheter was placed three days before surgery and irrigated with saline. After relief of abdominal distention, robotic-assisted abdominoperineal resection+ subtotal colectomy+colostomy was performed. Results: Water intake within 6 hours post-operatively; ambulance on Day 1; anal passage of gas on Day 2; semi-fluid diet on Day 3; safely discharged on Day 6. Conclusion: Robotic-assisted minimally invasive surgery is safe and feasible for patients with malignant tumor of anal canal combined with severe abdominal distention after appropriate and effective preoperative preparation to relieve abdominal distention.

Experiencia en cirugía de condilomas anales en mayores de 15 años / Experience in anal condyloma surgery in patients older than 15 years

Resumen Objetivo: Describir la experiencia en cirugía electiva de condilomas anales en pacientes mayores de 15 años en un hospital terciario de la Región Metropolitana. Material y Método: Estudio observacional retrospectivo y descriptivo, en el cual se analizan las intervenciones quirúrgicas electivas realizadas entre 2008 a 2021. Resultados: Dentro del período analizado se obtuvo 165 cirugías de condilomas anales, lo que corresponde a 137 pacientes en total. El 85% de los pacientes son de sexo masculino, el 68% de los pacientes son VIH positivo, un 87% de los pacientes MSM (hombres que tienen sexo con otros hombres) son VIH positivo, el 34% de los pacientes tiene antecedente de ETS, el 46% de los pacientes recibió terapia tópica como tratamiento preoperatorio o posoperatorio. Un 25% de los pacientes presenta recidiva en su historia personal, un 21% de los pacientes presenta lesiones anales intraepiteliales de alto grado, un 6% presenta carcinoma escamoso infiltrante. No hubo mortalidad descrita. Discusión: El presente estudio, describe la experiencia en cirugía de condilomas de un hospital terciario de la Región Metropolitana de Chile, cuya población corresponde a un estrato socioeconómico medio y bajo. Se logra describir a la población que es intervenida de condilomas acuminados, además de sus resultados quirúrgicos precoces y a largo plazo. Conclusión: El presente estudio, presenta una población de 137 pacientes operados de condilomas anales, a partir de los hallazgos de la cirugía. Se cumple el objetivo del estudio de caracterizar en un período de 12 años los resultados quirúrgicos de dicha serie, algo no reportado previamente en la literatura chilena.

Objective: To describe the experience in elective surgery for anal condylomas in patients over 15 years of age in a tertiary hospital in the Metropolitan Region. Materials and Method: Retrospective and descriptive observational study about elective surgical interventions performed between 2008 to 2021. Results: Within the analyzed period, 165 anal warts surgeries were obtained, corresponding to 137 patients. 85% of the patients are male, 68% are HIV positive, 87% of the MSM patients are HIV positive, 34% of the patients have a history of STDs, 46% of the patients received topical therapy as preoperative or postoperative treatment. 25% present recurrence in their personal history, 21% present high-grade anal intraepithelial lesions, 6% present infiltrating squamous carcinoma. There was no reported mortality. Discussion: The present study describes the experience in condyloma surgery in a tertiary hospital in the Metropolitan Region of Chile, whose population corresponds to a medium and low socioeconomic stratum. It is possible to describe the population that undergoes surgery for this reason, in addition to its early and long-term surgical results. Conclusion: The present study presents a population of 137 patients operated on for anal condylomas, based on the findings of the surgery. The objective of the study to characterize the surgical results of this series over a 12-year period is fulfilled, something not previously reported in the Chilean literature.

Consensus of Chinese experts on defecation management during perioperative period of benign anal diseases / 中华胃肠外科杂志

The significant increase in the incidence of benign anal diseases is related to the fast-paced life style, the change of dietary structure, the increase of work pressure and social psychological factors. Surgery is one of the most important treatments for benign anal diseases, while perioperative defecation management is closely related to the efficacy of surgery. In current clinical practice, there is no consensus on the management of perioperative defecation for benign anal diseases. Hence a discussion was held by the Professional Committee of Colorectal Diseases of Chinese Society of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, concerning the causes of perioperative defecation difficulties in perioperative anal benign diseases, the importance and specific strategy of defecation management. A consensus was consequently formed, aiming to provide a guideline for the clinical practice.

Cirugía ambulatoria electiva en patología proctológica: experiencia prospectiva de 14 años en un hospital público docente / Elective ambulatory surgery in proctological pathology: 14 years of prospective experience in a public teaching hospital

INTRODUCCIÓN: Se presenta nuestra experiencia en cirugía ambulatoria en patología proctológica. MATERIALES Y MÉTODO: La serie corresponde al análisis de 1.399 pacientes tratados entre agosto de 2003 y diciembre de 2017 en forma prospectiva, RESULTADOS: Fueron intervenidos por fístula anorrectal (20%), enfermedad hemorroidaria (19%), enfermedad pilonidal sacro coccígea (EPSC) (15%), fisura anal (13%), biopsia rectal quirúrgica o resección local endoanal (12%), condilomas (10%) y otras (10%). La morbilidad inmediata es de un caso, por un hematoma luego de una cirugía por EPSC que requirió hemostasia y cierre primario. La tasa de hospitalización inmediata fue de 0,3% y corresponde a 5 casos de retención aguda de orina. La hospitalización tardía fue de un 1,6% y corresponde a 22 pacientes, hospitalizados por sangrado tardío (9), dolor intratable (9) y fiebre (4). Todos fueron tratados en forma conservadora con resolución entre los 2 y 5 días. No se registra morbilidad mayor en esta serie. CONCLUSIONES: La cirugía ambulatoria en patología proctológica es factible y segura.

INTRODUCTION: We present our prospective experience in ambulatory anorectal surgery between August 2003 and December 2017. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The series corresponds to the analysis of 1399 patients treated between August 2003 and December 2017 prospectively. RESULTS: The etiology of the surgerys were anal fistula (20%), hemorrhoidal disease (19%), sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease (15%), anal fissure (13%), rectal surgical biopsy or local resection (12%), condylomata (10%) and others (10%). The immediate morbidity was seen one case, a hematoma after an EPSC surgery that required hemostasis and primary closure. The immediate hospitalization rate was 0.3% and corresponds to 5 cases of acute urinary retention. The late hospitalization was 1.6% and corresponds to 22 patients, due to late bleeding (9), severe pain (9) and fever (4). All were treated conservatively with resolution between 2 and 5 days. No major morbidity is recorded in this series. CONCLUSION: We concluded that outpatient surgery in proctologic pathology is feasible and safe.

Epidemiology and outcomes of anal abscess in patients on chronic dialysis: a 14-year retrospective study

OBJECTIVES: We conducted this retrospective study to elucidate the clinical presentation and outcomes of anal abscess in chronic dialysis patients. METHODS: We performed a chart review of patients who were hospitalized for anal abscess from Jan. 2002 to Dec. 2015. A total of 3,074 episodes of anal abscess were identified. Of these, 43 chronic dialysis patients with first-time anal abscess were enrolled. Patients were divided into a surgical group and a nonsurgical group according to the treatment received during hospitalization. The baseline characteristics, clinical findings, treatments and outcomes were obtained and analyzed. The endpoints of this study were in-hospital mortality, one-year mortality and one-year recurrence. RESULTS: Of the 43 patients, 27 (62.7%) received surgical treatment, and 16 (37.2%) received antibiotic treatment alone. There was no significant difference in age, sex, body mass index, smoking habits, comorbidities, or dialysis characteristics between the two groups. Perianal abscess was the most common type of anal abscess, and 39.5% of patients experienced fistula formation. Most patients had mixed aerobic and anaerobic flora. Our data demonstrate that there was no significant difference in hospital stay, one-year survival or recurrence rate between the surgical group and nonsurgical group. However, there was a trend toward better in-hospital survival in patients who received surgical treatment (p=0.082). CONCLUSION: In chronic dialysis patients with anal abscess, there was no statistically significant difference in clinical presentation and outcomes between the surgical and nonsurgical groups, although the surgical group had a trend of better in-hospital survival.

Implementación de un programa de cirugía proctológica en régimen de cirugía mayor ambulatoria: experiencia inicial / Early results of an ambulatory surgery programme for benign anorectal disorders

Introducción: La realización en régimen de cirugía mayor ambulatoria (CMA) de procedimientos proctológicos complejos es aún infrecuente en nuestro medio. El objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar los resultados iniciales de un programa de cirugía proctológica en régimen de CMA que incluye procedimientos complejos tales como esfinteroplastias o colgajos de avance rectal. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo en el que se incluyeron 186 pacientes intervenidos de patología proctológica en un programa de CMA. El programa se basó en la unión de una Unidad de Coloproctología con amplia experiencia en cirugía proctológica y una Unidad de CMA ya establecida en el centro. Se analizaron los resultados tanto de ingreso como de reintervención en el postoperatorio inmediato y precoz. Resultados: Entre enero de 2014 y diciembre de 2015 se realizaron un total de 197 intervenciones, destacando 105 (53,3%) cirugías de fístula anal, 33 (16,8%) hemorroidectomías y 11 (5,6%) esfinteroplastias. De los pacientes intervenidos por fístula perianal, en 25 (23,8%) se realizó un colgajo de avance rectal. Una paciente (0,5%) requirió ingreso tras la cirugía por haberse realizado un proceso más complejo del inicialmente programado, todos los demás pacientes pudieron ser dados de alta sin complicaciones. Tres pacientes (1,5%) reingresaron en el postoperatorio precoz y fueron reoperados debido a una hemorragia poshemorroidectomía, un absceso perianal y dolor anal. Conclusiones: La implementación de un programa de patología proctológica en régimen de CMA que incluya procedimientos complejos como el colgajo de avance endorrectal o la esfinteroplastia es factible, con una baja tasa de ingresos en hospitalización y reingresos posteriores.

Introduction: Complex procedures for anorectal disorders are uncommonly performed as Ambulatory Surgery (AS). The aim of this study was to describe the early results of an AS program that included complex procedures such as advancement rectal flaps for fistula repair. Material and methods: A retrospective descriptive study was performed with 186 patients who were submitted to AS because of benign anorectal disorders. The AS program for anorectal disorders started when a Colorectal Surgery Unit with broad experience in anorectal surgery joined an AS Unit that was already working in the hospital. Hospital admissions and need of early reoperation were analyzed. Results: One hundred and ninety seven procedures were performed between January 2014 and December 2015. One hundred and five (53.3%) fistula repair surgeries were performed, as well as 33 (16.8%) hemorrhoidectomies and 11 (5.6%) anal sphincter repairs. Among the patients who were operated because of an anorectal fistulae, 25 (23.8%) were submitted to advancement rectal flap. One patient (0.5%) could not be discharged after the surgery because the procedure performed was more complex than previously expected. All other patients were discharged. Three patients (1.5%) were addmited during early postoperative course, all of them had to undergo revisional surgery because of hemorrhage, pain and anorectal abscess respectively. Conclusions: Anorectal procedures, including complex procedures such as advancement rectal flap and sphincter repair, can be performed as AS with a low percentage of patients addmited before or after discharge.

Evolución alejada de los pacientes operados por hemorroides complejas o más de tres paquetes con técnicas no hemorroidopexia / Remote evolution of patients operated by complex hemorrhoids or more than three packages with non-hemorrhoidopexy techniques

Introducción: Las hemorroides son una patología muy frecuente. La mayor parte de los pacientes son tratados con modificaciones en la dieta, aquellos que no responden al tratamiento son pasibles de tratamientos ambulatorios y los casos más avanzados quirúrgicos. Objetivos: Estudiar la evolución alejada de los pacientes con patología hemorroidal severa. Diseño: Estudio retrospectivo con encuesta telefónica. Material y Métodos: La serie estudiada son 304 pacientes operados entre 1980 y 2012, correspondiendo 124 a casos con más de 50% de la circunferencia comprometida por trombosis, gangrena o casos de importante prolapso, a quienes se efectuó la exéresis de las zonas afectadas y la reconstrucción del canal anal utilizando colgajos cutáneos, y 180 fueron tratados de tres o más paquetes con técnica de Ferguson. Resultados: En el período considerado consultaron por hemorroides 1832 pacientes, de los cuales a 180 (9,8%) se utilizó la técnica de Ferguson para tres o más paquetes y 124 (6,8%) fueron casos complejos. Presentaron complicaciones post operatorias el 13,71% de las complejas y el 6,11% de tres paquetes o más (n s). Por medio de la encuesta encontramos en los casos denominados complejos un 93% de asintomáticos y en los de más de 3 Paquetes un 81%, resultando esta diferencia significativa. Los síntomas más frecuentes, sangrado y dolor, fueron muy esporádicos en el 71,4% vinculado a constipación o transgresiones alimentarias manifestando el 93,5% sentirse mejor que antes de operados. Conclusiones: Tanto los resultados inmediatos como el seguimiento alejado en la serie presentada han sido muy satisfactorios.

Introduction: Hemorrhoidal disease is a very frequent pathology. Most hemorrhoids are medically treated with diet changes. Those who do not respond satisfactorily can receive office-based treatments and the most advanced cases require surgical intervention. Aims/objectives: Study of the long-term evolution of patients with severe hemorrhoidal pathology. Design: Retrospective study with telephonic survey. Material and Methods: The studied series comprises 304 patients operated on between 1980 and 2012, corresponding 124 cases to patients with more than 50% of the anal circumference compromised by thrombosis, gangrene or cases of significant prolapse. These cases underwent exeresis of the affected areas and reconstruction of the anal canal utilizing cutaneous flaps, and 180 cases, which presented more than three bundles, were treated with Ferguson´s technique. Results: In the referred period, 1832 patients consulted about hemorrhoids. Ferguson´s technique was used on 180 patients (9,8%) and 124 patients (6,8%) corresponded to complex cases. Post-surgical complications were seen in 13, 71% of the complex cases and in 6.11% of the cases with three or more hemorrhoidal bundles (n s). The survey showed that 93% of the complex cases were asymptomatic, in comparison to 81% of those with three of more hemorrhoidal bundles, resulting in a significant difference. The most frequent symptoms: bleeding and pain, were very sporadic in 71, 4% corresponding to constipation or dietary transgressions; 93, 5% stated feeling better than before being operated on. Conclusions: The immediate results as well as the long-term follow up of the presented series have both been very satisfactory.

Endometriosis anal. A propósito de dos casos / Anal endometriosis. About two cases

Introducción: la endometriosis se define como la presencia de tejido endometrial fuera de la cavidad uterina. Pacientes y método: dos pacientes de entre 30 y 40 años que consultan por tumoracion perianal de aparicion ciclica asociada a dolor en dicha zona. Como método de estudio se realizó, en ambos casos, ecografía endorrectal de 360º, evidenciando imagen hipoecoica en región anterolateral derecha en contacto con el esfínter anal externo. Se realizó la resección completa de la masa, de la cicatriz de la episiotomía y de haces del esfinter anal externo, con plicatura simultánea del mismo. La anatomía patológica confirmó el diagnóstico. Se realizó seguimiento de las pacientes por el plazo de 15 y 84 meses. No se evidenciaron complicaciones postoperatorias o recidiva de la tumoración en ninguno de los casos. Discusión: la localización perianal es altamente infrecuente (0,3%) y mas aún el compromiso esfinteriano (0.18%). Suelen aparecer luego de la episiotomi´a o laceracio´n durante el parto. La ecografía 360º permite evaluar la extensión de la lesión y el compromiso de los esfínteres. La resección amplia del endometrioma con márgenes de tejido normal (entre 0,5 – 1 cm) es la mejor opción para la curación de la enfermedad, aunque puede causar incontinencia por resección del esfinter afectado, pudiendo necesitar la realización de una esfinteroplastía. Conclusión: la endometriosis de localización perianal es un padecimiento poco frencuente y de dificil diagnóstico. El tratamiento de elección es el quirúrgico. Incluyendo la masa completa con márgenes libres y la cicatriz de la episiotomía.

Background: endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial tissue outside of the uterine cavity. Patients and method: two patients between 30 and 40 years old consulting for perianal lump of cyclic emergence associated with pain in that area. The study method for both cases was a 360º transrectal ultrasound, showing an hypoecogenic image in then anterolateral region, in contact with the external anal sphincter. A complete resection of the mass, the episiotomy scar and beams of the external anal sphincter was performed, with simultaneous plication. Anatomopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis. The follow-up periods were 15 and 84 months. There were no apparent postop complications or recurrence of the tumor in any of the cases. Discussion: the perianal localization is highly uncommon (0.3%) and even more, the sphincter involvement (0.18%). They usually appear after episiotomy or laceration during delivery. 360 ultrasound allows to evaluate the extent of the injury and the commitment of the sphincters. Wide resection of the endometrioma with normal tissue margins (between 0.5 - 1 cm) is the best choice for the cure of the disease, although it can cause incontinence by resection of the affected sphincter and may need a sphincteroplasty. Conclusion: perianal location endometriosis is a non-frequent condition with a difficult diagnosis. The treatment of choice is surgery. Including the full mass, with free margins and episiotomy scar.

Colostomía previa a escisión quirúrgica de un tumor de Buschke-Lõwenteim en la infancia / Temporary colostomy before surgery in Buschke-Lõwenteim tumour in children

Buschke-Lõwentein tumor is a verrucous lesion, with slow growth and locally infiltrating. Despite her benign histology, is an intermediate lesion between condiloma acuminatum and verrucous carcinoma. It has been linked to human papilloma virus (subtypes 6 and 11). Other factors implicated include poor hygiene, chronic irritation, promiscuity and cellular inmunocompromised states. It is exceptional in children. We report a case of a 6-year-old girl with HIV infection B3 and giant condyloma that affect genitoanal region and rectal mucosa. The temporary colostomy aimed good results of the surgical excision.

El tumor de Buschke-Lõwentein es una lesión verrucosa, con crecimiento lento, y localmente infiltrante. A pesar de su histología benigna, se trata de una lesión intermedia entre el condiloma acuminado y el carcinoma verrucoso. Su aparición está ligada con el virus del papiloma humano (subtipos 6 y 11). Otros factores que intervienen son la baja higiene, promiscuidad, irritación crónica y la inmunosupresión celular. Es excepcional su aparición en niños. La exéresis quirúrgica radical es el tratamiento de elección. La realización de una colostomía de descarga previa, permite el aislamiento, facilitando la cicatrización de la zona y evitando el contacto con material fecal que contribuye a la recidiva. Presentamos un caso de una niña de 6 años con VIH estadio B3 y condilomatosis gigante que afectaba a la región genitoanal y a la mucosa rectal adyacente. La colostomía temporal contribuyó al éxito tras la resección quirúrgica.

El colgajo cutáneo pentagonal por deslizamiento en la reparación de la estenosis anal / Cuteaneous house sliding flap to treat anal stricture

Antecedentes: Se han descripto numerosas operaciones para el tratamiento quirúrgico de la estrechez anal, pero aún hay controversia sobre cuál es la más adecuada. La intervención propuesta por Christensen con un colgajo pentagonal por deslizamiento ("House Flap") parece reunir las mayores ventajas, pero no existen publicaciones sobre sus resultados alejados. Objetivo: Describir y analizar la técnica de Christensen y comunicar sus resultados para la estrechez anal a mediano y largo plazo. Material y Método: Se analizaron en forna retrospectiva 25 pacientes operados por los autores entre mayo de 1998 y junio de 2009 en tres instituciones privadas. Resultados: Fueron 17 mujeres y 8 varones. En 4 pacientes se realizaron 2 colgajos simultáneos laterales. La duración promedio de la operación fue 27 minutos cuando se realizó un colgajo y de 47,5 minutos cuando se emplearon dos. El tiempo de internación fue de 24 horas en 23 pacientes y 48 horas en los otros dos. El seguimiento mínimo fue de 3 meses y el máximo de 11 años, con un seguimiento promedio de 67 meses. Seis pacientes presentaron dehiscencias parciales laterales sin repercusión clínica. Hubo 6 retenciones urinarias postoperatorias. Un caso debió ser reintervenido por una complicación hemorrágica no dependiente del colgajo de Christensen, con buena evolución postoperatoria. Una paciente de 84 años presentó incontinencia para gases y escurrimientos fecales. En los restantes 24 pacientes los resultados fueron muy satisfactorios, sin recidiva de la estenosis. Conclusiones: El empleo del colgajo cutáneo pentagonal por deslizamiento en la reparación de las estenosis anales presentó en nuestra experiencia muy buenos resultados y baja tasa de complicaciones.

Background: Many operations have been described for the surgical treatment of anal stricture, but the best one is still controversial. The procedure proposed by Christensen with a sliding pentagonal flap (“Flap House”) seems to provide the greatest advantages, but there are no reports with long term results. Objective: To describe and analyze Christensen's procedure and report its results for anal stricture in the medium and long term follow-up. Material and Methods: We analyzed retrospectively 25 patients operated on by the authors between May 1998 and June 2009. Results: There were 17 women and 8 men. Four patients underwent two simultaneous lateral flaps. The average duration of the operation was 27 minutes with one flap and 47.5 minutes when two flaps were performed. The length of hospital stay was 24 hours in 23 patients and 48 hours in the other two. Minimum and maximum follow-up were 3 months and 11 years, with an average of 67 months. Six patients had partial lateral dehiscence with no clinical problems. There were 6 postoperative urinary retentions. One case was reoperated due to postoperative bleeding, not caused by the House Flap, with good results. One patient aged 84 years remained with soiling and incontinence for gases. In the rest 24 patients the results were very satisfactory, with no recurrence. Conclusions: The use of pentagonal sliding skin flap in the repair of anal stenosis showed very good results and low complication rate in our experience.

É o exame anatomopatológico de rotina indispensável em cirurgias orificiais / Is the histopathologic examination essential in orificial sugeries

Introdução: O exame anatomopatológico é feito rotineiramente em cirurgias orificiais e é importante para diagnosticar doenças anais concomitantes, lesões malignas e doenças sexualmente transmissíveis não previstas anteriormente no exame clínico. O gasto com estes exames é bastante significativo para o serviço público o que evidencia a necessidade de avaliar o custo/benefício da sua utilização rotineira. Objetivos: Avaliar o tempo decorrido entre a entrega do material e a emissão do laudo, o nível de concordância entre a impressão diagnóstica e a conclusão do anatomopatológico, a importância clínica das patologias diagnosticadas secundariamente, o custo de realização dos exames e a relação custo/benefício dos mesmos. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo e retrospectivo de 173 exames anatomopatológicos de pacientes do Hospital Universitário de Aracaju realizados de 2005 a 2007, que foram submetidos à cirurgias orificiais. Resultados: O nível de concordância entre a impressão diagnóstica e a conclusão do anatomopatológico foi elevada e, dos laudos discordantes, poucos apresentaram relevância clínica, havendo somente um caso de neoplasia anorretal. Houve um atraso significativo na emissão dos laudos, sugerindo sobrecarga do serviço e o custo/benefício para realização dos exames foi desfavorável. Conclusão: Sugerimos triagem para um uso racional e criterioso do exame anatomopatológico em cirurgias orificiais baseada na história clínica e fatores de risco do paciente.

Introduction: The histopathologic examination is repeatedly done in orificial surgeries and it's important to diagnose anal diseases associated, malign lesions and sexually transmitted diseases that weren't previously predicted on the clinic examination. The cost of the histopathologic examinations is very significant to the public health service, which shows the need to do a cost-benefit analysis of their routine use. Objectives: Evaluate the time between the surgical specimen's delivery and the emission of the histopathologic examination's report, the concordance level between the clinic impression and the histopathologic examination's report, the clinical relevance of the diseases secondarily diagnosed, the cost of the histopathologic examinations and the cost-benefit analysis of them. Methods: Descriptive and retrospective study of 173 histopathologic examinations from patients of the Hospital Universitário de Aracaju made from 2005 to 2007, that were submitted to orificial surgeries. Results: High concordance level between the clinic impression and the histopathologic examination's report; from the discordants reports, a few had clinical relevance and was only one case of anal cancer. There was a significant delay on the reports' emission, which suggests that the pathology service is overloaded; and the cost-benefit analysis was unfavorable. Conclusions: We suggest screening to a rational and judicious use of the histopathologic examination in orificial surgeries based on the patient's clinical history and risk factors.

Ulceración perianal: Dos casos de una rara manifestación de tuberculosis extrapulmonar / Perianal tuberculosis: Report of two cases

Perianal tuberculosis is an uncommon variant of extra pulmonary tuberculosis and mimics other common perianal conditions. We report two patients with perianal tuberculosis. An 82-year-old male presenting with purulent perianal discharge and weight loss. A pelvic magnetic resonance imaging showed a low trans sphincteric anorectal fistula with abscess formation. A fistulectomy was performed and the pathological study showed a granulomatous-tuberculous chronic inflammation. Mycobacteria were recovered from gastric contents. A 48-year-old male with the same symptoms. An ulcerated lesion in the anal region was biopsied, disclosing a granulomatous inflammatory process with Ziehl-Nielsen stainable organisms.

Infecciones graves del periné: unificación de conceptos / Perineal severe infections: concepts unification

Esta monografía se refiere a diferentes procesos que se caracterizan por una inflamación progresiva de la región perineal que llega a la necrosis de la piel, el tejido celular subcutáneo y ocasionalmente el músculo, generando una severa toxicidad sistémica. Es necesario agruparlos bajo la denominación de “infecciones graves del periné” teniendo en cuenta su forma similar de presentación, el diagnóstico precoz que merecen, y el tratamiento exhaustivo del que depende su curación. Existen factores predisponentes, como la diabetes mellitus, y otros desencadenantes, como los procedimientos invasivos locorregionales, que favorecen la aparición de esta afección. Las causas más frecuentes son infecciones anorrectales, genitourinarias y lesiones traumáticas. Casi todos los casos se caracterizan por presentar flora bacteriana mixta y sinérgica. En los cultivos se identifican organismos anaerobios y aerobios facultativos. El diagnóstico se basa en los hallazgos clínicos. La utilidad de las imágenes se limita al diagnóstico precoz de lesiones que potencialmente pueden dar lugar al surgimiento de esta entidad, y a la búsqueda de colecciones que han pasado desapercibidas. La bacteriología provee las bases para ejercer un programa de tratamiento de rutina. El tratamiento debe ser instaurado inmediatamente. La buena evolución de esta grave patología se basa en las medidas urgentes y generales de reanimación, compensación y sostén, antibióticoterapia adecuada, y con una cirugía que siempre debe ser precoz y agresiva. El impacto de la terapia coadyuvante con oxígeno hiperbárico en cuanto a mejoras en los resultados permanece en controversia. Con respecto a la cirugía reparadora, debe tenerse en cuenta que el realizar un debridamiento agresivo, conlleva acarrear con malos resultados estéticos y dificultad en la cicatrización del lecho quirúrgico...

This work talks about different processes that characterize by a progressive inflammation of the perineal region which includes skin, hypodermis and occasionally the muscle necrosis, generating a severe general toxicity. It is necessary to group them under the denomination of “serious infections of perineum” considering its similar form of presentation, the precocious diagnosis needed, and the exhaustive treatment that depends its treatment. There are many helping factors, such as diabetes mellitus, and other leading ones, like regional invasive procedures, which help to promote this affection. The most frequent causes are anorectal and genitourinary infections, and traumatic injuries. Almost all cases are characterized by displaying mixed and sinergical bacterial flora. Anaerobic and facultative aerobic organisms are identified in tissue cultures. The diagnosis is based on the clinical findings. The utility of images is limited to the precocious diagnosis of injuries that can give rise to the sprouting of this illness, and the search of unnoticed collections. Bacteriology provides the bases to start a program of routine treatment. Treatment must be restored immediately. The favorable evolution of this serious pathology is based on urgent and general measures of resuscitation, suitable antibiotic therapy, and surgery, that always must be precocious and aggressive. The impact of helping hyperbaric oxygen therapy as far as improvements in results remains in controversy. As far as repairing surgery, it must be consider that making an aggressive surgery entails to carry with bad aesthetic results and difficulties in the cicatrization of the surgical wound. This fact does not have to be more important than the initial therapeutic success, which will save of the patient's life. Without a suitable handling, the perineum severe infections present a terrible prognosis, with high mortality rate and anatomic and functional sequels that causes invalidity.

Colgajo anal cutáneo por deslizamiento: su utilización en patología ano orificial benigna / Anal cutaneous hanging tatter for slide: his utilization in pathology anus orificial benign

Desde Julio del año 2004 a Septiembre del año 2008, se trataron 34 pacientes que presentaban patología ano-orificial beningna, mediante la realización del colgajo anal cutáneo por deslizamiento. La edad promedio fue de 59 años y el sexo predominante el masculino. Las patologías que presentaban fueron, enfermedad hemorroidal el 64%; estenosis anal 18% y fisura anal 18% del total de enfermos operados el 22% tenían como antecedente cirugía previa y de ellos el 50% fue por hemorroidectomía. La constipación crónica se asocia en un 98% a fisura anal; 65% a enfermedad hemorroidal y un 47% a estenosis del ano. El dolor anal presente en el 100% de los enfermos con estenosis anal y en un 92% en fisura anal. La proctorragia se presentó en el 85% de los pacientes con enfermedad hemorroidal; 73% en isura anal en un 40% en la estenosis anal.

Since July 2004 until September 2008, 34 patients with benign anal pathologywere treated by means of sliding skin anal grafts. The average was 59 years old and there were mostly male.The pathology that they presented was 64% hemorrhoids, 18% anal stenosisand 18% anal fissure; 22% of the patients had a previous surgery and 50% of them have had hemorroidectomy. Chronic head colding is associated with anal fissure in 98%, hemorrhoids in 65% and anal stenosis in 47% of the patients. Anal pain was present in 100% of the patients with anal stenosis and in 92% of the patients with anal fissure. Anal bleeding had been present in 85% of patients with hemorrhoids, 73% in anal fissure and 40% in anal stenosis. Before surgery 6 patients have had different incontinence degree, 3 referred to soild their underwear, 2 of them referred gases incontinence and 1 liquid soiling. Patients under sliding skin anal grafts surgery had a significant improvement; 28 days after surgery all of them had normal continence. Before surgery 7 patients had diminution of the anal diameter verified by the interrogatory and rectal tact. After 21 days from surgery, such diameter was considered as normal. Colonical cleanness is been made with monosodic/ bisodic phosphate with excellent results in all the patients. All patients received monodosis of antibiotic prophylactic with ciprofloxacin and metronidazol. Two patients (5.88%) had infection, because of that they received 7 days of antibiotics, resolving the infection completely. In 94% of the patients the anesthesia used was riding saddle subarachnoid blockade with hyperbaric bupivacaine, in all the cases the results were excellent. After surgery, 70% of the patients referred the pain as light, 20% as moderate and less than 10% as severe. Skin graft vitality was satifactory in100% of patients, 76% very go...

Utilidad de la ultrasonografía endoanal de 360º en el diagnóstico de abscesos anorrectales / Utility of the 360º endoanal ultrasound for the diagnosis of the anorectal abscesses

Objetivo: Analizar los resultados de la ultrasonografía endoanal de 360° en el diagnóstico de los diferentes tipos de abscesos anorrectales y compararlos con los hallazgos quirúrgicos obtenidos. Pacientes y método: Fueron estudiados 123 casos por abscesos anorrectales con ecografía endoanal de 360° en el período comprendido entre diciembre de 2004 y diciembre de 2006. El análisis estadístico se realizó con test de Chi-Cuadrado y el valor significativo se estableció para p< 0.05. El rango de edad fue de 23 a 72 años (x: 47.58), siendo 93 casos de sexo masculino. Los síntomas de inicio más frecuentes fueron: proctalgia 123 casos (100 por ciento). fiebre 66 (53.6 por ciento), tumor 35 (28.45 %), secreción 42 (34 %). síntomas urinarios 8 (6.5%). Se presentaron patologías asociadas en 12 casos: enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal, fisura anal y fistula anal recidivada. Resultados: los hallazgos ecográficos presentaron alta sensibilidad en la localización y extensión de los abscesos (90 %) p<0.01 así como la ubicación de la cripta patológica (76 %) p<0.01 en comparación con los hallazgos quirúrgicos. El tratamiento implementado fue drenaje bajo anestesia con control ecográfico posterior (96.7 %) y tratamiento médico con antibióticos (3.2 5). En el 75 % de los pacientes con identificación de la cripta patológica por ecografía se pudo realizar tratamiento definitivo: fistulotomía y/o colocación de sedal. En el seguimiento a 60 días. 12 pacientes presentaron recaída (9.7 %). Conclusión: La ultrasonografía endoanal parece ser un método útil y de alta sensibilidad para identificar abscesos ocultos, detectar el origen y la extensión de los mismos; facilitando el tratamiento quirúrgico definitivo.

Purpose: To analyze the results of the 360° endoanal ultrasound for the diagnosis of the anorectal abscesses and compared with the surgery. Patients and methods: One hundred twenty-three cases underwent 360° endoanal ultrasound for anorectal abscesses in the period December 2004 - December 2006. The Chi-Cuadrado test was aplicated. The mean age was 47.58 (23 to 72 years) with 93 males and 30 females. The frequency of the symptoms were: anorectal pain 123 cases (100 %), fever 66 (53.6 per cent). tumor 35(28.45 5), suppuration 42(34 %) and urinary symptoms 8 (6.5 %). There were 12 patients with associated pathologies: inflammatory bowel disease, anal fissure and anal fistula recurrence. Results: There was high sensitivity for the ultrasound to identificated the location and the extention of the abscesses (90 %) p<0.01 sensitivity: 76 per cent for to identificated the internal opening. The therapeutic was drainage under endosonography control (96.7 5) and medical treatment with antibiotics (3.2 5). In 75 per cent of the patients the internal opening were identificated by ultrasound and the primary surgery was performed: fistulotomy and setton. In 60 days of follow up there were 12 cases of recurrence (9.7 %). Conclusions: The endoanal ultrasound seems to have high sensitivity to identify location, extention and primary location of the abscesses and to improve surgery.