A case of late-onset capsular block syndrome and its surgical treatment / Um caso de síndrome de bloqueio capsular tardio e uma abordagem cirúrgica

ABSTRACT - Capsular block syndrome is a rare complication of phacoemulsification surgery with continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis and intraocular lens implantation. Here, we report a case of very late-onset capsular block syndrome that developed 13 years after cataract extraction and present the surgical approach used for its successful treatment.

RESUMO - Síndrome do bloqueio capsular é uma complicação incomum da cirurgia de facoemulsificação com capsulorrexis curvilínea contínua e implante de lente intraocular. Nós relatamos um caso de síndrome de bloqueio capsular de início tardio que se desenvolveu após 13 anos da extração da catarata e apresenta a abordagem cirúrgica utilizada para o sucesso do tratamento.

Síndrome do bloqueio capsular tardio - relato de dois casos / Capsular block syndrome - report of two cases

Relato de dois casos de síndrome do bloqueio capsular, de ocorrência tardia, nove e cinco anos após facoemulsificação, respectivamente, em um olho com pseudoexfoliação capsular e outro operado de glaucoma, com bolha funcionante. A condição se constituiu na retenção de grande quantidade de líquido esbranquiçado, atrás da lente intraocular, o que levou à redução da AV, de quatro linhas de Snellen, nos dois casos. Houve pronta resolução do quadro com mínima capsulotomia posterior.

Two cases of late capsular block syndrome are reported. They were observed nine and five years after facoemulsification, in one eye with pseudoexfoliation syndrome and the other operated on for glaucoma with a functioning bleb. There was a large amount of milky material behind the intraocular lens, and reduction of the visual acuity (four lines of the Snellen chart in both cases). The condition was promptly resolved through minimal YAG laser posterior capsulotomy.

Diagnóstico e tratamento do lenticone anterior / Diagnosis and therapy of anterior lenticonus

Relato de caso de um paciente de 18 anos com sindrome de Alport apresentando perda visual progressiva. A biomicroscopia revelou lenticone anterior bilateral. O paciente realizou tomografia de córnea e segmento anterior com o sistema Scheimpflug (Pentacam) e aberrometria e topografia corneana (i-Trace). O paciente foi submetido à facoemulsificação com implante de lente intraocular peça única hidrofóbica (Acrysof® SN60AT). As imagens de Scheimpflug documentaram o lenticone anterior. A aberrometria total mostrou acentuado astigmatismo miópico com acentuada aberração esférica negativa, havendo grande impacto das aberrações de alta ordem (HOA) na conversão da letra E de Snellen. O mapa de integração da aberrometria do olho todo com a topografia corneana mostrou maior semelhança das aberrrações totais com as aberrações intraoculares do que com as aberrações da superfície anterior da córnea. Após a cirurgia, o paciente apresentou acuidade visual corrigida igual a 20/20 em ambos os olhos, as imagens de Scheimpflug revelaram lentes intraoculares tópicas e os mapas diferenciais revelaram resolução da miopia e redução das aberrações da alta ordem (total e interna). Os exames de imagem foram úteis para demonstrar o impacto do lenticone anterior na qualidade visual e a resolução das aberrações ópticas após a cirurgia.

Case report of a 18-year-old male patient with Alport's syndrome, who presented with renal failure and hearing loss reporting a progressive loss of vision acuity. Slitlamp examination revealed bilateral anterior lenticonus. The patient underwent pre and post-operative corneal and anterior segment tomography with a rotating Scheimpflug system (Pentacam), integrated whole eye (individual laser beam ray tracing) and corneal surface (Placido) wavefront aberrometry (i-Trace). Phacoemulsification and single piece hydrophobic IOL implantation (Acrysof® SN60AT) was performed uneventfully in both eyes. Pre op Scheimpflug well decomented the anterior lenticonus. Total aberrometry showed myopic astigmatisms with high negative spherical aberrations OU; higher order aberrations (HOAs) greatly influenced the conversion of Snellen E letters. Total aberrations and corneal topographies integration maps OU demonstrated high levels of intraocular aberrations which had more similarity with whole eye aberrations than anterior corneal aberrations. After surgery, BCVA was 20/20 in both eyes. Scheimpflug images revealed topic intraocular lens and the differential maps showed resolution of myopia and decrease of the total ocular HOAs as well as from the internal optics. Adjunctive advanced diagnostic tools were useful to demonstrate the anterior lenticonus and its optical impact along with the resolution of the aberrations post operatively.

Clear lens extraction and intraocular lens implantation in a case of microspherophakia with secondary angle closure glaucoma.

Phacoemulsification with implantation of single-piece acrylic foldable intraocular lens (IOL) in a 19-year-old boy with microspherophakia, high myopia and angle closure glaucoma is described. The associated myopia and angle closure glaucoma was severely compromising the quality of life. Post-surgical visual recovery was 20/20 with sustained normal intraocular pressure. Management of such cases at times calls for innovations in current surgical technique.

Intraocular lens calcification; a clinicopathologic report

To describe the clinical and pathological features of a case of hydrogel intraocular lens [IOL] calcification. A 48-year-old man underwent explantation of a single-piece hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens in his left eye because of decreased visual acuity and milky white opalescence of the IOL. The opacified lens was exchanged uneventfully with a hydrophobic acrylic IOL. Gross examination of the explanted IOL disclosed opacification of the optic and haptics. Full-thickness sections of the lens optic were stained with hematoxylin and eosin [H and E], von Kossa and Gram Tworts'. Microscopic examination of the sections revealed fine and diffuse basophilic granular deposits of variable size within the lens optic parallel to the lens curvature but separated from the surface by a moderately clear zone. The deposits were of high calcium content as evident by dark brown staining with von Kossa. Gram Tworts' staining disclosed no microorganisms. This report further contributes to the existing literature on hydrogel IOL calcification

Exfoliação capsular verdadeira: relato de dois casos / True capsular exfoliation: report of two cases

Relatamos dois casos de exfoliação verdadeira da cápsula, acontecendo em pacientes idosos sem história de exposição prolongada a altas temperaturas ou passado de inflamação intra-ocular. Os aspectos biomicroscópicos, anátomo-patológicos e possíveis implicações cirúrgicas são comentados.

We report two cases of true capsular exfoliation occurring in elderly patients with no known history of prolonged heat exposure or intraocular inflammation. The biomicroscopic aspects, histopathologic findings and possible surgical implications are discussed.

Neodymium YAG Laser and Surgical Synechiolysis of Iridocapsular Adhesions

PURPOSE: Several articles have been published on the successful elimination of iridolenticular synechiae after cataract extraction with a neodymium YAG laser (Nd:YAG laser) and surgical synechiolysis during cataract surgery, but the indications recommending which method is proper to use for specific kinds of adhesions have not yet been established. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 106 patients who had undergone Nd:YAG laser or surgical synechiolysis between January 2002 and December 2007 in our clinic. Laser synechiolysis was performed in the synechiae not exceeding the extent of one clock hour and reaching only to the iris sphincter, whereas surgical synechiolysis was performed in other diffuse and/or thick synechiae. RESULTS: Surgical synechiolysis was performed in 93 eyes, and YAG laser synechiolysis was done in 21 eyes. Increases in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were observed in 61 eyes (53.51%). Intraocular pressure spikes after the procedure were present in only 4 eyes, and all of them were transient except for 1 eye, which needed additional glaucoma eyedrops. CONCLUSIONS: With suitable indications, laser or surgical synechiolysis can be performed safely, and a small rise in visual acuity may also be expected.