Enuresis and overactive bladder in children: what is the relationship between these two conditions?

ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluate clinical aspects associated with the presence of nocturnal enuresis (NE) in children with a diagnosis of overactive bladder (OAB). Material and Methods: A data base of 200 children who were evaluated by a structured questionnaire was analysed retrospectively . OAB was defined as the presence of urinary urgency (n=183 cases) and/or daytime urinary incontinence associated with holding maneuvers (n=168 cases). Inclusion criteria were a confirmed diagnosis of OAB, age 5-16 years, and no anatomical or neurological alterations of the urinary tract. Patients were divided into enuretics and non-enuretics. The two groups were compared with respect to sex, age, skin color, presence urinary infection, urgency, urge incontinence, non-urge incontinence, pollakiuria, urinary dysfunction, nocturia, holding maneuvers, number of episodes of enuresis and bowel alterations. In a univariate analysis, the chi-square test was used to compare proportions, with p-values <0.05 being considered significant. A multivariate analysis was conducted to identify independent predictive factors. Results: Enuresis was diagnosed in 141/200 children. The two groups were similar with respect to sex, age and skin color. No difference was found in relation to urinary infection, non-urge incontinence, urinary dysfunction, nocturia, encopresis or constipation. The two groups were significantly different with regard to some symptoms related to OAB such as urgency (p=0.001), urge incontinency (p=0.001) and holding maneuvers (p=0.033). Following multivariate analysis, only holding maneuvers (p=0.022) remained as an independent predictive factor. Conclusion: The only independent predictive factor for resolution of enuresis in children with OAB, as detected in the multivariate analysis, was holding maneuvers.

Prevalence of enuresis and urinary symptoms at age 7 years in the 2004 birth cohort from Pelotas, Brazil / Prevalência de enurese e sintomas miccionais aos sete anos na coorte de nascimentos de 2004, Pelotas, Brasil

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of enuresis, urinary, and bowel symptoms and associated factors in children aged 7 years in a birth cohort. METHODS: A pre-coded questionnaire was applied to 3,602 children who belonged to a birth cohort initiated in 2004 in Pelotas, Brazil. During home visits at 12, 24, and 48 months and at age 7 years, mothers answered a questionnaire with demographic questions and characteristics of bladder and bowel habits of children using a urinary symptom score. Poisson regression was used for the hierarchical multivariable analysis, with robust variance. RESULTS: The prevalence of enuresis was 10.6%;11.7% in males and 9.3% in females; enuresis was monosymptomatic in 9.8% of the children (10.8% of males and 8.3% of females); 37.4% had symptoms up to once a week; 32.9%, two to four times a week; and 26.2%, every day, with no difference between genders. The most common urinary symptoms were urinary urgency (22.7%) and urinary retention maneuvers (38.2%). In the multivariate analysis, it was observed that the number of urinary symptoms and the number of children at home showed a direct association with the presence of enuresis, whereas maternal education was inversely associated. CONCLUSIONS: Enuresis is a prevalent condition and should be investigated in clinical practice, especially in children of lower socioeconomic status. A detailed history of urinary habits detects associated urinary symptoms, which is important for adequate classification of enuresis and subsequent management. .

OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência de enurese, sintomas urinários e intestinais e fatores associados em crianças de sete anos, em uma coorte de nascimentos. MÉTODOS: Foi aplicado um questionário pré-codificado em 3.602 crianças pertencentes à coorte de nascimentos iniciada em 2004, em Pelotas, RS. Em visitas domiciliares realizadas aos 12, 24 e 48 meses e aos sete anos, as mães responderam um questionário com questões sociodemográficas e sobre as características e hábitos miccionais e intestinais das crianças, utilizando um escore de sintomas miccionais. Para a análise multivariável hierarquizada, utilizou-se regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de enurese de foi 10,6%, sendo 11,7% nos meninos e 9,3% nas meninas; a enurese foi monossintomática em 9,8% das crianças (10,8% dos meninos e 8,3% das meninas); 37,4% apresentavam o sintoma até uma vez por semana; 32,9%, duas a quetro vezes por semana; e 26,2% todos os dias, sem diferença entre os sexos. Os sintomas urinários mais frequentes foram urgência miccional (22,7%) e manobras de contenção urinária (38,2%). Na análise multivariável, observou-se que o número de sintomas miccionais e o número de crianças em casa mostraram relação direta com presença de enurese, enquanto que a escolaridade materna apresentou relação inversa. CONCLUSÕES: A enurese é uma patologia prevalente e deve ser investigada em consultas de rotina, especialmente em crianças com menor nível socioeconômico. Uma história detalhada sobre hábitos urinários pode detectar sintomas miccionais associados, importantes para uma adequada classificação da enurese e posterior manejo. .

A Nationwide Epidemiological Study of Nocturnal Enuresis in Korean Adolescents and Adults: Population Based Cross Sectional Study

We performed a nationwide epidemiological study to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of nocturnal enuresis (NE) in Korean adolescents and adults. A questionnaire was sent via e-mail to 51,073 people aged 16-40 yr by stratified sampling according to age, sex, and region among a 200,000 internet survey panel pool. The questionnaire included following information; presence or absence of NE, frequency of NE, possible risk factors for NE, self-esteem scale score and depression score results, and measures for the treatment of NE. Among the 2,117 responders, 54 (2.6%) had NE (> or =1 enuretic episode within 6 months). Of 54 bedwetters, 9.3% wet > or =1 night per week and 20.5% wet > or =1 per month. The prevalence rates remained relatively stable with no apparent trend of reduction with age. The presence of sleep disturbance, family history, urgency, or urge incontinence increased the probability of NE episode significantly. The self-esteem score was lower (P=0.053) and the depression scale score was higher (P=0.003) in bedwetters compared with non-bedwetters. Overall 2.6% of Korean aged 16-40 yr have NE. The higher rate of urgency and urge incontinence in adolescent and adult enuretics suggests that bladder function has an important role in adolescent and adult NE.

Nocturnal enuresis among secondary school students in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Background: Enuresis is a common problem in children. The impact upon the lives of children and their families is often underestimated. Aim: The study was to determine the prevalence; causes and effect of enuresis among students in Port Harcourt. Methods : A survey of junior and senior students from 2 secondary schools in Port Harcourt Local Government area was done using self-administered questionnaire. Results: A total of 491 students between the ages of 10-21years were studied. There were 248 (50.5) females and 243(49.5) males. Nocturnal enuresis (NE) was reported in 124(25.3) students; out of which 59(47.6) had primary NE. NE was significantly more in males than in females and in those from polygamous homes(c2=7.29; df = 1; p0.01 and c2 ) students. Non-organic causes of secondary NE include parental separation 12 (9.7); divorce 16 (12.9) and death in the family 4 (3.2). Enuresis affected 75 (60.5) of the students; as well as their parents. Fifty (40.3) students felt embarrassed about bedwetting and in 27 (21.8) students the parents were very angry and had to beat them. Treatment offered included prayers in 44 (35.6) and waking at night in 15 (12.1). Conclusion: Enuresis is a common problem among secondary students in Port Harcourt. Secondary nocturnal enuresis is more prevalent; and stressful to both the sufferer and the parents