Visible light induced photodegradation and phototoxicity of phloxine B and uranine / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine the visible light-induced photodegradation kinetics of two xanthene photosensitizers, phloxine B and uranine, in solution and on the surface of silica TLC plates, and to examine the phototoxicity of residues of degradation, which could provide valuable safety data on the two photosensitizers and other xanthene chemicals when applied in the environment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>UV-Vis absorption during photodegradation was monitored with a Unico 2102 spectrophotometer. Organic content of samples was measured with a Shimadzu TOC 4100. Phototoxicity tests were carried out using Saccharomyces cerevisiae with the methods modified from Daniels.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>When phloxine B and uranine degraded in solution, their apparent rate constant k was 0.0019 and 0.0027 min(-1), respectively. The total organic carbon (TOC) content decreased by approximately 50% during the 8 h irradiation period, which led to a gradual decrease in phototoxicity of the residues. The photodegradation of photosensitizers on the surface of silica TLC plates was much faster than that in the solution. The apparent rate constant k and the half life of phloxine B were 0.0073 min(-1) and 95 min, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Visible light can rapidly induce photodegradation of phloxine B and uranine. The phototoxicity of residues is also decreased. The environmental risk of applications of phloxine B and uranine is minimal.</p>

Coll: colour occult lesion localization. localização de lesões mamárias não-palpáveis com corante e identificação concomitante do linfonodo sentinela em tumores mamários / Coll: colour occult lesion localization. localization of occult breast lesions with corant and concomitant identification of the sentinel node in breast tumors

A incidência de lesões não-palpáveis da mama vem aumentando através dos tempos, fato intimamente correlacionado à difusão da mamografia de alta resolução. Para tanto, tornam-se necessárias marcações pré-operatórias para localização dessas lesões, por meio de técnicas com fio metálico, material radioativo, carvão ativado ou, como no nosso serviço, a utilização de corante vital (azul patente). Apresentaremos a experiência do Hospital e Maternidade São Cristóvão na utilização do corante azul patente para a marcação de lesões não-palpáveis da mama, abordando em concomitância a localização do linfonodo sentinela em alguns casos. Selecionaram-se as pacientes que haviam sido submetidas à marcação pré-operatória com azul patente no Hospital e Maternidade São Cristóvão, no período de julho de 1999 a março de 2007, totalizando 285 pacientes com lesão (ões) não-palpável (eis) da mama. Foram 332 marcações, por orientação mamográfica, injetando–se 1 mL de azul patente intratumoral, 30 minutos a três horas antes do procedimento cirúrgico. A lesão foi excisada e confirmada por radiografia da peça operatória e/ou congelação intra-operatória. Houve 160 casos que tinham indicação para realização do linfonodo sentinela (LS), sendo realizado, nessas pacientes, um reforço da dose de azul patente na sala operatória, acrescentando-se 1 mL do corante na região subareolar e biópsia do LS com congelação intra-operatória deste. Procedeu-se a dissecção axilar completa somente nos casos em que o LS foi positivo. A idade média das pacientes foi de 60,92 anos (23 a 89 anos). As lesões foram identificadas em todos os casos (100%) e totalmente excisadas sem intercorrências cirúrgicas. Nos casos indicados de linfonodo sentinela, a taxa de localização concomitante do LS foi de 98,13%. O tamanho médio dos tumores foi de 1,3 cm. A avaliação histopatológica em parafina revelou 133 casos malignos (40,1%), 26 lesões precursoras de risco (7,8%) e 173 tumores benignos em geral (52,1%). A localização...

The incidence of non-palpable breast lesions is increasing due to the diffusion of the high resolution mammography. For surgical biopsies orientation there are several techniques, such as the insertion of a metallic hook wire and the injection of radioisotopes or corants. The aim of this paper is to present the of the Hospita and Maternity São Cristóvão experience with blue corant for marking occult breast injuries allowing concomitantly the localization of sentinel node (SN). There were 332 markings under, mammography and/or ultrasonograph orientation, with the injection of 1 ml of bluedye intra-tumoral, from 30 minutes to 3 hours before surgical procedure. The lesion was excised and confirmed by specren radiography.In 160 cases there was indication of SN biopsy. In these patients it was injected, a reinforcement of the dose of the blue patent just in the surgical room, adding more l ml of the blue dye in the subareolar region. There average age of the patients it was 60.9 years (23 – 89). The non-palpable breast lesions were identified in all of the cases (100%) without any surgical complication. In the cases of SN biopsy, the rate of localization of the SN was 98,1%. The average size of tumors was 1.3 cm ou the histopatological evaluation in paraffin sections being the results as follows: 133 malignant (40.1%), 26 pre-malignant injuries of risk (7.8%) and 173 benign lesions (52.1%). The localization of occult lesions using blue patent - COLL (Colour Occult Lesion Localization) - and concomitant sentinel node in breast tumors are practical, safe and confident allowing, treinament with minimum aggression and satisfactory aesthetic result. As the radiocolloids method, this is a methodology of high sensitivity, with the advantage of the low cost, being able to be used in hospitals without nuclear medicine services.

Cáncer del tracto gastrointestinal: estudio del ganglio centinela / Cancer of the gastrointestinal tract: study of the ganglion sentinel

El estudio del ganglio centinela es un procedimiento actualmente válido para melanoma y cáncer de mama. Su utilidad en el cáncer gastrointestinal aún está en investigación, sin embargo, su aplicación podría mejorar la estadificación ganglionar, influyendo en la terapéutica y el pronóstico en este tipo de cáncer. Evaluamos la factibilidad del método en pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer gastrointestinal. En el período comprendido entre agosto de 2001 y mayo de 2004, se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico histológico de adenocarcinoma gástrico y colónico en estadios tempranos. Al inicio de la cirugía, se inyectó en forma peritumoral y subserosa 1 mL de azul patente. Una vez identificado y extirpado el ganglio centinela, se procedió a la cirugía habitual. A los ganglios centinela cuyo estudio histopatógico con coloración con hematoxilina y eosina fue negativo, se les realizaron estudios de inmunohistoquímica. Se incluyeron nueve pacientes, de los cuales, cinco con adenocarcinoma gástrico y cuatro con adenocarcinoma de colon. El porcentaje de detección del ganglio centinela fue de 66,6 por ciento. El promedio de ganglios centinela por paciente fue 1,16. Dos ganglios centinela (33 por ciento) fueron positivos, uno de ellos (16 por ciento) por inmunohistoquímica. Se observó 16 por ciento de metastasis en salto. No hubo falsos negativos ni drenaje linfático aberrante. El mapeo linfático es un procedimiento factible y sencillo que incrementa la posibilidad de detección de micrometástasis

A imuno-histoquímica no linfonodo sentinela por câncer de mama: um estudo de 247 casos / Immunohistochemistry of sentinel lymph node in breast cancer: analysis of 247 cases

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar, em pacientes com carcinoma mamário, o valor da imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) na detecção de micrometástase, submicrometástase e células tumorais isoladas em linfonodo sentinela (LNS) negativo na hematoxilina e eosina (HE). Foram estudados 247 LNS axilares diagnosticados entre 23 de agosto de 2000 e 27 de dezembro de 2003. O LNS fixado em formol foi seccionado em fatias de 2 mm de espessura. Após inclusão em parafina, de cada bloco realizou-se três cortes de 5 mm, com intervalos de 40 mm, corados na HE. Outros três cortes foram realizados em seqüência para IHQ (pancitoceratina AE1/AE3). Resultados: Os 247 LNS resultaram na HE 220 negativos (89%) e 27 positivos para metástases (11 %). Na IHQ: 210 negativos (dos 220 casos negativos na HE) (concordância: 96%) e 27 positivos (dos 27 casos positivos na HE). Nos 10 casos negativos na HE (4,5% dos negativos), a IHQ resultou positiva. Conclusão: A pesquisa de citoceratinas por IHQ no LNS negativo na HE permite detectar um subgrupo de pacientes portadores de micrometástases, de submicrometástases ou de células tumorais isoladas, representando em nossa casuística 4,5% dos linfonodos negativos.

The objective of this research was to assess the increased ratio of tumour detection detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in HE negative sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) of patients with breast cancer. We studied 247 SLN of patients with breast cancer reports from August 23rd 2000 to December 27th 2003.The formalin-fixed SLN was sectioned in tissue slices about 2 mm thick. Following paraffin embedding, three 5-llm-thick sections were cut from each slice and stained with HE. Another three sections were cut for IHC staining. Results: Of the 247 SLN, 220 were negative and 27 were positive for metastases with HE. IHC assays were positive in all HE-positive cases and negative in 210 of 220 HE-negative cases (concordance = 96%). The other 10 HE negative cases (4.5% of negative cases) were IHC positive. Comparisons of data from HE-stained sections and cytokeratin immunohistochemistry showed an overall sensitivity of 73% with 100% specificity. Conclusions: The addition of IHC in the study of serial sections of HE stained preparations from SLN negative patients with breast cancer increased the percentage of detection of metastatic tumour cells. Moreover, it identified subgroup of breast cancer with micrometastases that were stained only by IHC, representing, in our series, 4.5% of HE negative SLNs.

Endometrial granulated lymphocytes in women suffering spontaneous early pregnancy loss

Spontaneous abortion is the most common complication of pregnancy. Several lines of evidence indicate that immunologic effector cells may play a role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic repetitive abortions. Leukocytes form a substantial proportion of stromal cells in decidua and the endometrial granulated lymphocytes [eGL] is the predominant decidual leukocyte population in the first trimester of normal human pregnancy. To investigate the involvement of eGL population in repetitive abortion of unknown etiology, a comparative analysis was performed on first-trimester decidual tissues obtained from thirty patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion and thirty samples at therapeutic abortion. The eGL in paraffin-embedded sections of all samples were demonstrated with phloxine-tartrazine staining. The results showed the presence of many eGL that scattered individually throughout the stroma and formed some aggregates around glands and some vessels. The number of positive cells was increased in the recurrent aborted decidua compared with normal pregnancy decidua, but the difference was not significant [p>0.05]