Morphological changes of the cellularity in the prostatic gland from patients with confirmed cancer: Gleason level and presence of eosinophils and mast cells: cellular bioindicators / Cambios morfológicos de la celularidad en la glándula prostática de pacientes con cáncer confirmado: nivel de gleason y presencia de eosinófilos y mastocitos: bioindicadores celulares

The different pathologies of the prostate, involve the presence of a new microenvironment where inflammatory cells are actively recruited. This research explores the presence of mast cells and eosinophils associated with age and the evaluation of prostate cancer progress (Gleason Index). Forty two biopsies of anonymized patients, with confirmed prostate cancer, were used for histological analysis for eosinophils and mast cells and subsequent determination of Gleason index according to age. The results of the histological analyzes show the presence of eosinophils and mast cells in prostate biopsies with confirmed cancer. In the multiple correlation studies, a high correlation was observed between the presence of lymphocytes and the age of the patient diagnosed with prostate cancer, same correlation was observed between the patient's age and higher Gleason Index (Pearson and Spearman p< 0.05). It is concluded that in prostate biopsies from Chilean patients with confirmed cancer, eosinophilia and tissue mastocytosis were observed. Correlation analyzes show a direct correlation between older patients, higher Gleason index and presence of mast cell. Regarding eosinophilia, only a correlation between age and Gleason index was observed Further studies are suggested to determine that the presence of eosinophils and mast cells can be used as early bioindicators of prostate cancer.

Las diferentes patologías de próstata, involucran la presencia de un nuevo microambiente donde las células inflamatorias son activamente reclutadas. La presente investigación explora la presencia de mastocitos y eosinófilos asociadas a la edad y la evaluación del progreso del cáncer de próstata según índice de Gleason. Cuarenta y dos biopsias de pacientes anonimizados, con cáncer prostático confirmados, fueron utilizadas para su análisis histológico para eosinófilos y mastocitos y posterior determinación del índice de Gleason según edad. Los resultados de los análisis histológicos, muestran la presencia de eosinófilos y mastocitos en biopsias de próstata con cáncer confirmado. En los estudios de correlación múltiple, se observó una alta correlación entre la presencia de linfocitos, mastocitos y la edad del paciente diagnosticado con cáncer prostático, igual correlación se observó entre la edad del paciente y mayor índice de Gleason (Pearson y Spearman p<0,05). Se concluyó que en las biopsias de próstata de pacientes chilenos con cáncer confirmado, se observó eosinofilia y mastocitosis tisular. Los análisis de correlación muestran una correlación directa entre pacientes de mayor edad, índice de Gleason más alto y la presencia de mastocitos. Con respecto a la eosinofilia, solo se observó una correlación entre la edad y el índice de Gleason. Se sugieren estudios adicionales para determinar que la presencia de eosinófilos y mastocitos puede usarse como bioindicadores tempranos del cáncer de próstata.

Associação de infiltrado eosinofílico duodenal com infecção por Helicobacter pylori, mas não com dispepsia funcional / Association of duodenal eosinophilic infiltrate with helicobacter pylori infection, but not with functional dyspepsia

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The role of Helicobacter pylori infection on eosinophilic infiltration in duodenal mucosa is poorly studied. An increase in the number of eosinophils in duodenum has been associated with functional dyspepsia. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of H. pylori infection on duodenal eosinophil count and the role of eosinophilic infiltrate of duodenum in functional dyspepsia. METHODS: Positive and negative H. pylori individuals were included. Both functional dyspeptic patients according to Rome III criteria (cases) and individuals without gastrointestinal symptoms (controls) were enrolled. They were submitted to upper endoscopy and H. pylori infection was verified by gastric histopathology and urease test. Eosinophils in the duodenal mucosa were counted in five high-power fields, randomly selected on slides of endoscopic biopsies. RESULTS: Thirty-nine H. pylori positive (mean age 40.5 and 69.2% women) and 24 negative patients (mean age 37.3 and 75% women) were included. The influence of the infection was observed in the duodenal eosinophil count, which was higher in infected individuals: median 13.2 vs 8.1 in non-infected individuals (P=0.005). When we analyzed patients according to symptoms, cases - mean age 39.6; 71.4% women - and controls - mean age 38.7; 71.4% women - had similar duodenal eosinophil count: median 11.9 and 12.6 respectively (P=0.19). CONCLUSIONS: We did not demonstrate association of duodenal eosinophil count with functional dyspepsia but found association with H. pylori infection.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: O papel de infecção por Helicobacter pylori no infiltrado eosinofílico duodenal ainda é pouco compreendido. Um aumento no número de eosinófilos duodenais tem sido associado a dispepsia funcional. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a influência do H. pylori na contagem de eosinófilos duodenais e o papel do infiltrado eosinofílico duodenal na dispepsia funcional. MÉTODOS: Indivíduos H. pylori positivo e negativo foram incluídos. Ambos os grupos, compreendendo dispépticos funcionais pelos critérios de Roma III (casos) e indivíduos sem sintomas gastrointestinais (controles), foram submetidos à endoscopia digestiva alta para pesquisa de H. pylori, efetuada por histopatologia e teste de urease. Eosinófilos na mucosa duodenal foram contabilizados em cinco campos de maior aumento, selecionados randomicamente nas lâminas de biópsia endoscópicas. RESULTADOS: Trinta e nove indivíduos H. pylori positivo (média de idade 40,5 e 69,2% mulheres) e 24 H. pylori negativos (média de idade 37,3 e 75% mulheres) foram incluídos. A influência da infecção por H. pylori foi observada na contagem de eosinófilos, que foi maior nos positivos: mediana 13,2 vs 8,1 (P=0,005). Quando analisados pacientes de acordo com sintomas, os casos (média de idade 39,6 e 71,4% mulheres) e controles (média de idade 38,7 e 71,4% mulheres), apresentaram semelhante contagem de eosinófilos duodenais: mediana 11,9 e 12,6, respectivamente (P=0,19). CONCLUSÃO: Não demonstramos associação da contagem de eosinófilos duodenais com dispepsia duodenal, mas encontramos associação com infecção por H. pylori.

Gastroenteritis eosinofílica: aspectos clínicos e imagenológicos de una entidad poco frecuente, reporte de caso / Eosinophilic gastroenteritis: clinical aspects and imagenological features of an infrequent entity, case report

Eosinophil-associated diseases constitute a group of pathologies where eosinophils play an important role. Among them, eosinophilic gastroenteritis is a rare entity. Few demographic data exist in the literature, with an estimated prevalence of 28-30/100,000. The symptoms presented by patients mainly depend on the affected segment of the gastrointestinal tract and the layer infiltrated by eosinophils. We report a 22-year-old male patient with a one-month history of diarrhea, with mucus and occasionally hematic striae. Initial laboratory tests showed leukocytosis with eosinophilia, and imaging studies showed extensive involvement of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by diffuse concentric parietal thickening and submucosal edema associated with ascites. Upper endoscopy and biopsy confirmed the presence of foci of infiltration by eosinophils. The patient was treated with corticosteroids and a lactose and wheat free diet, with a favorable evolution, without relapse after stopping corticosteroid treatment.

Las enfermedades asociadas a eosinófilos constituyen un grupo de patologías en que el aumento de los eosinófilos presenta un rol fundamental, encontrándose entre ellas la gastroenteritis eosinofílica, entidad poco frecuente. En la literatura existen pocos datos demográficos, con una prevalencia estimada entre 28-30 /100.000 habitantes. Los síntomas dependen principalmente del segmento afectado del tracto gastrointestinal y de la capa de la pared infiltrada por eosinófilos. Se presenta el caso clínico de un paciente masculino de 22 años con cuadro de diarrea de un mes de evolución, asociado a mucosidad y ocasionalmente estrías hemáticas. El estudio de laboratorio inicial mostró leucocitosis con eosinofilia, realizándose estudios de imágenes que demuestran extenso compromiso del tubo digestivo caracterizado por engrosamiento parietal difuso concéntrico y edema submucoso del estómago como también de asas de intestino delgado, asociado a ascitis. La endoscopia digestiva alta y biopsia confirmaron la presencia de focos de infiltración por eosinófilos. El paciente fue tratado con corticoides y dieta con restricción de lactosa y trigo, con evolución favorable, sin recaída tras la suspensión del tratamiento corticoidal

Diagnostic approach of eosinophilic spongiosis

Abstract Eosinophilic spongiosis is a histological feature shared by some distinct inflammatory disorders, and is characterized by the presence of intraepidermal eosinophils associated with spongiosis. Most often, isolated eosinophilic spongiosis indicates the early stages of a subjacent autoimmune bullous dermatosis, such as the pemphigus group and bullous pemphigoid. Herein, the main causes of eosinophilic spongiosis are discussed, as well as the supplementary investigation needed to elucidate its etiology.

Eosinophilic fasciitis: an atypical presentation of a rare disease

SUMMARY Eosinophilic fasciitis, or Shulman's disease, is a rare disease of unknown etiology. It is characterized by peripheral eosinophilia, hypergammaglobulinemia, and high erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The diagnosis is confirmed by a deep biopsy of the skin. The first line of treatment is corticotherapy. We present a rare case of eosinophilic fasciitis in a 27-year-old woman with an atypical presentation with symmetrical peripheral edema and a Groove sign. The patient responded well to treatment with corticosteroids at high doses and, in this context, was associated with hydroxychloroquine and azathioprine. After two and a half years, peripheral eosinophilia had increased, and more of her skin had hardened. At that time, the therapy was modified to include corticoids, methotrexate, and penicillamine. It is of great importance to publicize these cases that allow us to gather experience and better treat our patients.

RESUMO A fasciite eosinofílica ou doença de Shulman é uma doença rara de etiologia desconhecida. É caracterizada por eosinofilia periférica, hipergamaglobulinemia e velocidade de sedimentação eritrocitária elevada. O diagnóstico é confirmado por biópsia profunda da pele. O tratamento de primeira linha é a corticoterapia. Apresentamos um caso raro de fasciite eosinofílica numa mulher de 27 anos com uma apresentação atípica com edema periférico simétrico e sinal de Groove. A paciente respondeu bem ao tratamento com corticoides, mas em doses elevadas, e, nesse contexto, associou-se hidroxicloroquina e azatioprina. Ao fim de dois anos e meio verificou-se aumento de eosinofilia e novamente pele mais endurecida. Nessa altura alterou-se a terapêutica para corticoides, metrotexato e penicilamina. É de grande importância a divulgação desses casos que nos permitem reunir experiência e assim melhor tratar os nossos doentes.

Eosinofilia duodenal en pacientes Colombianos con dispepsia funcional: un estudio de casos y controles / Duodenal eosinophilia in functional dyspepsia in a Colombian sample: a case-control study

Introducción: La dispepsia funcional (DPF) es una entidad compleja cuya fisiopatología no está claramente definida. Existen alteraciones motoras gastroduodenales y recientemente se ha dado importancia a la eosinofilia duodenal. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fuedeterminar si existe asociación entre eosinofilia duodenal y DPF. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de casos y controles. Pacientes mayores de 18 años con dispepsia según ROMA IV, a quienes se descartó DP orgánica con endoscopia alta (EVDA). Los controles fueron pacientes con anemia ferropénica y diarrea crónica a quienes de rutina se toman biopsias tanto del estómago como del duodeno. Se calcularon 70 pacientes en cada grupo. La información se recolectó en un formulario específico. Resultados: Hubo 243 pacientes elegibles. Se incluyeron 84 pacientes en grupo. El 80% eran mujeres. Edad promedio 53,6 años. Se encontró eosinofilia duodenal con diferencia significativa en los pacientes con saciedad precoz (p=0,01). No hubo diferencia significativa en los pacientes con llenura posprandial (p=0,63), dolor o ardor epigástrico (p=0,26), síntomas de reflujo gastroesofágico (p=0,13), alergia e intolerancia a alimentos (p=0,42) y tabaquismo (p=0,28). Asimismo, no se encontró relación entre mastocitosis duodenal y saciedad precoz (p=0,98), llenura posprandial (p=0,78) y dolor o ardor epigástrico (p=0,82). Conclusiones: La eosinofilia duodenal fue más frecuente en pacientes con DPF que tenían saciedad precoz.

Introduction: Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a complex symptom. Currently there are multiple therapeutic options that are used for the management of these patients; however, FD therapies are based on symptomatic control and do not address the pathophysiological pathways involved in its development. The duodenum has been proposed as a key site to understand the complex pathophysiology involved in FD. Objective: The aim of the study is to determine duodenal eosinophilia in patients with FD and establish the clinical-pathological correlation with the cardinal symptoms of dyspepsia. Material and methods: Case-control study. Patients older than 18 years with dyspepsia according to the Rome IV criteria, and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy normal (FD group).Patients with iron deficiency anemia and chronic diarrhea (control group). Biopsies were taken in the stomach, duodenal bulb and second portion of duodenum. A sample size of 140 patients (70 patients in the FD group and 70 patients in the control group) was calculated. The collected information was described and analyzed by conventional statistical techniques. Results: 243 patients were recruited. 84 patients were included in the FD group and 84 patients in the control group. 135 patients were women (80.3%). The mean age was 53.6 years (SD 14.9). Duodenal eosinophilia was found with significant difference in patients with early satiety (p=0.01). There was no difference in patients with postprandial fullness (p=0.63), epigastric pain or burning (p=0.26), gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (p=0.13), allergy and food intolerance (p=0.42) and smoking (p=0.28). There was no relationship between duodenal mastocytosis and early satiety (p=0.98), postprandial fullness (p=0.78), and epigastric pain or burning (p=0.82). Conclusions: Duodenal eosinophilia was similar in FD and controls. In subgroup analysis, duodenal eosinophilia occurs in patients with early satiety.

Episodic angioedema associated with eosinophilia

Abstract: We report a 12-year-old girl who presented with recurrent angioedema on the face, trunk, and extremities, and concomitant marked weight gain for 5 years. During the episode, her white blood cell count increased to 47.7×109/L with 89.9% eosinophils, followed by elevated serum level of IL-5, IgE, IgM, and LDH. Histopathology showed perivascular eosinophilic infiltration and diffuse eosinophilic infiltration throughout the dermis. Possible causes of hypereosinophilia and eosinophilic infiltration of vital organs were ruled out. We also tested the FIP1L1/PDGFRa and ETV6/PDGFRb fusion gene to exclude the possibility of myeloid and lymphatic vessel neoplasms. The patient was treated with methylprednisolone and discharged with an oral prednisolone taper, which resulted in complete remission of the edema and normalization of peripheral blood eosinophil count, serum IL-5 level, IgE, IgM, and LDH.

Distinct characteristics of nasal polyps with and without eosinophilia / Diferenças nas características de pólipos nasais com e sem eosinofilia

Abstract Introduction Eosinophilic and noneosinophilic Nasal polyps (NPs) are different subtypes of NPs and require different treatment methods. Objective To compare the histologic characteristics, mRNA and protein expression between Nasal Polyps with and without eosinophilia. Methods NPs tissues were obtained from eighty-six NPs patients during surgery. Eosinophilic and noneosinophilic NPs were distinguished according to immunochemical results of the specimen. The histological, mRNA and protein expression features were compared between the two groups. Results In eosinophilic NPs, we observed a significantly higher GATA-3, IL-5, IL-4, IL-13 mRNA and protein expression. In noneosinophilic NPs, IL-17, IL-23 and RORc mRNA and protein expression were increased. Immunohistochemistry tests showed, more mast cells and less neutrophils in eosinophilic NPs compared with noneosinophilic NPs. Eosinophilic NPs patient presented more severe symptom scores when compared to noneosinophilic NPs. Conclusion We demonstrate for the first time that Th2 is the predominant reaction in eosinophilic NPs while Th17 is the predominant reaction in noneosinophilic NPs. Our study may provide new treatment strategy for NPs.

Resumo Introdução Pólipos nasais (PNs) eosinofílicos e não eosinofílicos são diferentes subtipos de PNs e requerem diferentes métodos de tratamento. Objetivo Comparar as características histológicas e a expressão de mRNAs e proteínas entre PNs com e sem eosinofilia. Método Amostras de PNs foram obtidos de 86 pacientes durante a cirurgia. PNs eosinofílicos e não eosinofílicos foram diferenciados segundo os resultados imunoistoquímicos de cada amostra. As características histológicas e de expressão de mRNAs e de proteínas foram comparadas entre os dois grupos. Resultados Em PNs eosinofílicos, observamos uma expressão significativamente maior dos mRNAs e proteínas GATA-3, IL-5, IL-4 e IL-13. Nos PNs não eosinofílicos, aumentou a expressão dos mRNAs e das proteínas IL-17, IL-23 e RORc. Nos testes imunoistoquímicos, observamos maior número de mastócitos e menor número de neutrófilos nos PNs eosinofílicos, em comparação com PNs não eosinofílicos. Os pacientes com PNs eosinofílicos obtiveram escores de sintomas mais graves vs. PNs não eosinofílicos. Conclusão Demonstramos, pela primeira vez, uma reação Th2 predominante em PNs eosinofílicos e uma reação Th17 predominante em PNs não eosinofílicos. Nosso estudo pode proporcionar novas estratégias terapêuticas para a rinossinusite crônica.

Eosinophilic annular erythema in adults: report of two cases and review of the literature

Abstract We herein report two cases of eosinophilic annular erythema in adults, which is rare. In both patients, lesions developed rapidly in few days and were located mainly on the trunk, buttocks, and extremities. Diagnosis was histopathological, with typical features including acute dermal inflammatory infiltrate with abundant eosinophils. One of the patients recurred after treatment on three occasions and finally cured spontaneously. The second patient recurred once and was then successfully treated with topical clobetasol. Clinical and histopathological features of eosinophilic annular erythema in adults have rarely been reported. A review of the literature and discussion of relationship with Wells syndrome are also included.

Eosinophilic fasciitis

Abstract Eosinophilic fasciitis is a rare sclerodermiform syndrome of unknown etiology. It is characterized by the thickening of the muscular fascia and subcutaneous tissue, with a variable infiltration of eosinophils. Peripheral eosinophilia, poly or monoclonal hypergammaglobulinemia and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate can be seen. Clinical features begin acutely, with local edema and a painful and symmetrical stiffening of the limbs, progressing rapidly to fibrosis, which can limit joint movements. Some cases have a history of strenuous physical exercise or trauma. The diagnosis is confirmed by a deep skin biopsy. Glucocorticoids in high doses is the treatment of choice. We report a typical eosinophilic fasciitis case with peripheral eosinophilia and dramatic response to pulse therapy with methylprednisolone.

Ofuji disease: a rare dermatosis and its challenging therapeutic approach

Abstract: Eosinophilic pustular folliculitis (EPF) or Ofuji disease is a rare dermatosis, prone to recurrence and chronicity. The peak incidence occurs in the third decade of life and its exact etiology remains unknown. Evidence suggests that the expression of adhesion molecules and the production of cytokines activate the follicular unit, but the stimulus that triggers these changes remains unclear. The three clinical variants reported in the literature include classic EPF, immunosuppression-associated EPF, and infancy-associated EPF. We report a case of eosinophilic pustular folliculitis with peculiar epidemiological characteristics, which represents a challenging therapeutic scenario.

Eosinophilic annular erythema in childhood - Case report

Abstract: Eosinophilic annular erythema is a rare, benign, recurrent disease, clinically characterized by persistent, annular, erythematous lesions, revealing histopathologically perivascular infiltrates with abundant eosinophils. This report describes an unusual case of eosinophilic annular erythema in a 3-year-old female, requiring sustained doses of hydroxychloroquine to be adequately controlled.

Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS syndrome) / Reação a drogas com eosinofilia e sintomas sistêmicos (síndrome DRESS)

SUMMARY Objective: To review the hypersensitivity reaction to drugs known as drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS syndrome), based on a case report. We also intend to discuss the difficulty and importance of disease recognition, since none of the changes is pathognomonic of this disease and failure to identify it may have disastrous consequences for the patient. Method: To describe this case report, in addition to the information collected for clinical assessment, a literature review was performed in the PubMed and Bireme databases in order to retrieve the latest information published in literature on DRESS syndrome. Results: The case of a 20-year old patient is reported. After anamnesis, physical examination and laboratory tests a diagnosis of DRESS syndrome was performed, characterized by rash, hematologic alterations, lymphadenopathy and lesions in target organ. This is a rare syndrome, whose frequency varies according to the drug used and the immune status of the patient, being more often associated with the use of anticonvulsants. Conclusion: The approach and discussion of the topic are of paramount importance, in view of the potential lethality of this treatable syndrome. Recognizing the occurrence of DRESS syndrome and starting treatment as soon as possible is crucial to reduce the risk of mortality and improve prognosis.

RESUMO Objetivo: fazer uma revisão da reação de hipersensibilidade a drogas denominada reação a drogas com eosinofilia e sintomas sistêmicos (síndrome DRESS), com base em um relato de caso clínico. Pretende-se ainda discutir a dificuldade e importância de seu reconhecimento, uma vez que nenhuma alteração dessa doença é patognomônica e sua não identificação pode trazer consequências desastrosas para o paciente. Método: para descrever este relato, além das informações coletadas no caso clínico, uma revisão da literatura nas bases de dados PubMed e Bireme foi realizada com o intuito de rever as informações mais recentes publicadas na literatura acerca da síndrome DRESS. Resultados: relatou-se o caso de uma paciente de 20 anos de idade que, após anamnese, exame físico e exames laboratoriais, foi diagnosticada com síndrome DRESS, caracterizada por erupção cutânea, alterações hematológicas, linfonodomegalia e lesões em órgão-alvo. É uma síndrome rara, cuja frequência varia conforme a droga utilizada e o estado imunológico do indivíduo, sendo mais associada ao uso de anticonvulsivantes. Conclusão: a abordagem e discussão do tema são de extrema importância, tendo em vista o potencial de letalidade dessa síndrome, que possui tratamento. Reconhecer precocemente a DRESS e instituir terapêutica é fundamental para reduzir o risco de mortalidade e melhorar o prognóstico.

Wells syndrome associated with chronic lymphocytic leukemia

AbstractEosinophilic cellulitis or Wells syndrome is an uncommon skin condition of unknown etiology that can occur alone or associated with other conditions. Typically, it presents with recurrent pruritic, erythematous and edematous plaques, but it can also show clinical polymorphism. Besides the cutaneous lesions, patients can experience systemic manifestations like fever, malaise, arthralgia and peripheral blood eosinophilia. We describe a case of this rare syndrome that presented with polymorphic cutaneous lesions associated with a serious systemic disease, which was revealed through the investigation of the cutaneous disease.

Eosinophilic ulcer of the tongue - Case report

Eosinophilic ulcer of the oral mucosa is a rare, self-limiting, chronic and benign lesion of unknown pathogenesis that affects the oral mucosa. We present the case of a 65 year-old Caucasian female with a fivemonth history of a painful ulcer on the lateral side of her tongue. The ulcer was not adhered to the underlying structures and there was no evidence of regional lymph node involvement. Laboratory examinations and X-rays revealed no abnormalities. Topical treatments had been performed without any improvement. Histopathological examination showed an ulcerated surface and mixed inflammatory infiltrate with several eosinophils extending into the mucosa and submucosa. No cellular atypia was observed. Based on the patient-s history and mucosal biopsy, a final diagnosis of eosinophilic ulcer of the oral mucosa was made.