The adaptation problems of patients undergoing hemodialysis: socio-economic and clinical aspects / Problemas adaptativos de pacientes em hemodiálise: aspectos socioeconômicos e clínicos / Problemas adaptativos de pacientes en hemodiálisis: aspectos socioeconómicos y clínicos

OBJECTIVES: to identify adaptation problems under Roy's Model in patients undergoing hemodialysis and to correlate them with the socioeconomic and clinical aspects. METHOD: a transversal study, undertaken using a questionnaire. The sample was made up of 178 individuals. The Chi-squared and Mann-Whitney U tests were undertaken. RESULTS: the adaptation problems and the socioeconomic and clinical aspects which presented statistical associations were: Hyperkalemia and age; Edema and income; Impairment of a primary sense: touch and income; Role failure and age; Sexual dysfunction and marital status and sex; Impairment of a primary sense: vision and years of education; Intolerance to activity and years of education; Chronic pain and sex and years of education; Impaired skin integrity and age: Hypocalcemia and access; Potential for injury and age and years of education; Nutrition below the organism's requirements and age; Impairment of a primary sense: hearing and sex and kinetic evaluation of urea; Mobility in gait and/or coordination restricted, and months of hemodialysis; and, Loss of ability for self-care, and months of hemodialysis and months of illness. CONCLUSION: adaptation problems in the clientele undergoing hemodialysis can be influenced by socioeconomic/clinical data. These findings contribute to the development of the profession, fostering the nurse's reflection regarding the care. .

OBJETIVOS: identificar os problemas adaptativos de Roy em pacientes submetidos a hemodiálise e correlacioná-los aos aspectos socioeconômicos e clínicos. MÉTODO: estudo transversal, realizado através de um formulário. A amostra foi de 178 indivíduos. Efetuaram-se os testes qui-quadrado e U de Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS: os problemas adaptativos e os aspectos socioeconômicos e clínicos que apresentaram associações estatísticas foram: hipercalemia e idade; edema e renda; deficiência de um sentido primário: tátil e renda; falha no papel e idade; disfunção sexual e estado civil e sexo; deficiência de um sentido primário: visão e anos de estudo; intolerância à atividade e anos de estudo; dor crônica e sexo e anos de estudo; integridade da pele prejudicada e idade; hipocalcemia e acesso; potencial para lesão e idade e anos de estudo; nutrição menor que as necessidades do organismo e idade; deficiência de um sentido primário: audição e sexo e avaliação cinética da ureia; mobilidade andar e/ou coordenação restritas e meses de hemodiálise e perda de habilidade de autocuidado e meses de hemodiálise e meses de doença. CONCLUSÃO: problemas adaptativos da clientela hemodialítica podem sofrer influências de dados socioeconômicos/clínicos. Tais achados contribuem para o desenvolvimento da profissão, proporcionando reflexão por parte do enfermeiro acerca do cuidado. .

OBJETIVOS: identificar los problemas adaptativos de Roy en pacientes sometidos a hemodiálisis y correlacionarlos a los aspectos socioeconómicos y clínicos. MÉTODO: estudio transversal, realizado a través de un formulario. La muestra fue de 178 individuos. Se efectuaron las pruebas Chi-cuadrado y U de Mann-Whitney. RESULTADOS: los problemas adaptativos y los aspectos socioeconómicos y clínicos que presentaron asociaciones estadísticas fueron: Hiperkalemia y edad; Edema y renta; Deficiencia de un sentido primario: táctil y renta; Fracaso en el papel y edad; Disfunción sexual y estado civil y sexo; Deficiencia de un sentido primario: visión y años de estudio; Intolerancia a la actividad y años de estudio; Dolor crónico y sexo y años de estudio; Integridad de la piel perjudicada y edad; Hipocalcemia y acceso; Potencial para lesión y edad y años de estudio; Nutrición menor que las necesidades del organismo y edad; Deficiencia de un sentido primario: audición y sexo y evaluación cinética de la urea; Movilidad andar y/o coordinación restringidas y meses de hemodiálisis; y, Pérdida de habilidad de autocuidado y meses de hemodiálisis y meses de enfermedad. CONCLUSIÓN: los problemas adaptativos de la clientela hemodialítica pueden sufrir influencias de datos socioeconómicos/clínicos. Esos hallazgos contribuyen para el desarrollo de la profesión, permitiendo la reflexión del enfermero acerca del cuidado. .

ISG15: leading a double life as a secreted molecule

ISG15 is a well-known intracellular ubiquitin-like molecule involved in ISGylation. However, a recent study has revived the notion first put forward two decades ago that ISG15 is also a secreted molecule. Human neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes can release ISG15, even though this protein has no detectable signal peptide sequence. ISG15 has also been found in the secretory granules of granulocytes. The mechanism underlying ISG15 secretion is unknown. Secreted ISG15 acts on at least T and natural killer (NK) lymphocytes, in which it induces interferon (IFN)-gamma production. However, the mechanism by which ISG15 stimulates these cells also remains unclear. ISG15 and IFN-gamma seem to define an innate circuit that operates preferentially, but not exclusively, between granulocytes and NK cells. Inherited ISG15 deficiency is associated with severe mycobacterial disease in both mice and humans. This infectious phenotype probably results from the lack of secreted ISG15, because patients and mice with other inborn errors of IFN-gamma immunity also display mycobacterial diseases. In addition to raising mechanistic issues, the studies described here pave the way for clinical studies of various aspects, ranging from the use of recombinant ISG15 in patients with infectious diseases to the use of ISG15-blocking agents in patients with inflammatory diseases.

Deficiencia de 3-hidroxiacil coA deshidrogenasa de cadena larga, asociación con HELLP y hallazgos en la espectroscopia por resonancia magnética / Long chain 3-hydroxyacyl-coA dehydrogenase deficiency, asociation with HELLP and magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings

La deficiencia de 3-hidroxiacil coA deshidrogenasa de cadena larga (LCHAD) es uno de los trastornos de la betaoxidación de ácidos grasos. La presentación clínica más frecuente incluye trastornos de conciencia, hipoglucemia y disfunción hepática gatillados por ayuno prolongado o infecciones. Una vez desencadenada, la crisis metabólica presenta alta mortalidad. El síndrome HELLP y la hepatitis grasa aguda del embarazo (AFLP) son trastornos del tercer trimestre del embarazo. Se ha asociado estas enfermedades durante la gestación con defectos hereditarios de la betaoxidación en el feto. Comunicamos el caso clínico de un trastorno de beta oxidación (deficiencia de LCHAD) asociado a HELLP materno. Describimos como hallazgos en la resonancia magnética espectroscópica un pico de ácido láctico y lípidos significativo. La pesquisa de estos trastornos de la betaoxidación al nacimiento, ante el antecedente de HELLP materno, permite el diagnóstico de la enfermedad previo al desarrollo de los síntomas.

LCHAD deficiency is a disorder of fatty acid beta oxidation. The most common clinical presentation includes disorders of consciousness, hypoglycemia and liver dysfunction triggered by prolonged fasting or infection. Once a metabolic crisis is triggered, there is a high mortality. HELLP syndrome and acute fatty liver failure of pregnancy (AFLP) are disorders of the third trimester of pregnancy. These diseases have been associated during pregnancy with hereditary defects of beta-oxidation in the fetus. We report a case of beta-oxidation disorder (LCHAD deficiency) associated with maternal HELLP. We described a peak of lipid and lactic on magnetic resonance spectroscopic of this patient. The investigation of these beta-oxidation disorders at birth, with a history of maternal HELLP, allows the diagnosis of the disease prior to developing symptoms.

Profile of inborn errors of metabolism in a tertiary care centre PICU.

Objective. To study the clinico-investigative profile and outcome of patients with inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) presenting to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU). Methods. Records of all patients admitted in tertiary care centre PICU between August 2007 and September 2008 with a diagnosis of IEM were retrieved the details of clinical presentation, laboratory results, treatment and outcome were noted and analysed. Results. Eleven (2.6%) out of 420 PICU admissions during the study period had a diagnosis of IEM with a high mortality rate of 36%. Clinical presentation was quite varied. Conclusion. IEM are not uncommon in PICU. Simple biochemical tests and neuroimaging findings provide vital clues to the diagnosis of IEM.

Fenilcetonúria clássica com manifestaçäo de dermatite pelagróide / Classic phenylketonuria with pellagra-like dermatitis manifestation

A fenilcetonúria clássica, erro inato do metabolismo transmitido de modo autossômico recessivo, caracteriza-se habitualmente por retardo mental, eczema, diluiçäo pigmentar, alteraçöes neurológicas e hiperfenilalaninemia. Apresenta-se um paciente fenilcetonúrico que mostra, além das manifestaçöes freqüentemente relatadas, episódios de dermatite pelagróide fotossensível acompanhada de deterioraçäo do comportamento, e que respondem a terapêutica com nicotinamida. A fotossensibilidade é atribuída a diluiçäo pigmentar secundária a produçäo deficiente de melanina e possivelmente a diminuiçäo da absorçäo intestinal do triptofano, que leva a níveis reduzidos de nicotinamida, ambas provocadas pela hiperfenilalaninemia. Para o dermatologista, é importante atentar para os distúrbios metabólicos ao se deparar com a associaçäo retardo mental-dermatite pelagróide