Assessment of the oral microbiome in the development of recurrent oral aphthae in patients with gastrointestinal pathology

Chronic recurrent oral aphthae in residents living in an ecologically unfavourable region are characterized by a permanent course and prolonged recovery processes of regeneration of pathological elements of the oral mucosa. Using the microbiological method and modern test systems, it has been found that on the surface of aphthae an extremely diverse state of the oral microbiota is determined and its types are diverse. Trigger mechanisms have been determined. The role of representatives of various types of microorganisms - enterococci, staphylococci, streptococci, yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida (C. albicans) and obligate-anaerobes in the development of recurrent oral aphthae has been established. The data obtained can serve as an indication for the development of modern treatment and preventive measures regarding this category of patients.

Levamisol não previne lesões de estomatite aftosa recorrente: um ensaio clínico randomizado, duplo-cego e controlado por placebo / Levamisole does not prevent lesions of recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia e a segurança do levamisol no tratamento profilático da afta recorrente, utilizando um protocolo de estudo duplo-cego. MÉTODOS: Quatorze pacientes receberam doses decrescentes de levamisol por via oral por seis meses (dose inicial de 150mg três vezes por semana). Dez pacientes receberam placebo. As avaliações foram mensais. RESULTADOS: Houve tendência à diminuição do número de crises nos dois grupos, mas sem diferenças entre ambos. O número de lesões diminuiu significantemente nos grupos levamisol e placebo, mas na comparação entre eles a diferença não foi significante. A duração das lesões diminuiu significantemente no grupo placebo, porém ao compará-lo com o grupo levamisol a diferença não foi significante durante todo o tratamento. A intensidade da dor foi significantemente menor nos dois grupos, mas ao compará-los a dor foi significantemente menor no grupo placebo. A avaliação global final mostrou melhora em 50 por cento dos pacientes do grupo levamisol e em 70 por cento do Placebo, sem diferença significante entre os dois tratamentos. Não foi observada diferença na frequência de efeitos colaterais entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Levamisol, como usado nesse protocolo, é uma droga segura. Comparado ao placebo, levamisol não é efetivo no tratamento profilático da afta recorrente. O efeito placebo é importante em desordens nas quais fatores emocionais afetam a recorrência ou a expressão de sintomas.

OBJECTIVE: to utilize a double-blind protocol to provide clarification about the safety and effectiveness of levamisole in the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. METHODS: Fourteen patients took a decreasing dose of oral levamisole for six months (initial dose 150mg three times a week) and ten others were placebo control patients. All were evaluated monthly. RESULTS: The number of crises had a tendency to decrease in both groups, but without a difference between groups. The number of lesions diminished significantly in the two groups, but upon comparison the difference was not significant. Duration of the lesions diminished significantly in the placebo, however when compared to the levamisole group, difference was not significant during treatment. The intensity of pain was significantly lower in the two groups, but upon comparison, pain was significantly lower in the placebo group. The final global evaluation showed improvement in 50 percent of patients of the levamisole group and in 70 percent of the placebo, without a significant difference between treatments. No difference in the frequency of collateral effects was observed between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Levamisole, as used in this protocol, is a safe drug. When compared with the placebo, levamisole is not effective in the prophylactic treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. The placebo effect is important in diseases where emotional factors affect recurrence or expression of symptoms.

Lesões da mucosa oral em pacientes idosos: um problema pouco enfatizado por médicos e pesqisadores / Oral mucosa lesions in elderlly inpatients: a problem little emphasized by doctors and researchers

Objetivos: Estimar a freqüência de lesões da mucosa oral em idosos internados nas várias especialidades de hospital geral, em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais; determinar com qual freqüência as lesões detectadas pelos pesquisadores haviam sido identificadas também pelos médicos responsáveis pelos pacientes estudados e veridicar a possível associação dessas lesões com sexo, tabagismo, etilismo, edentulismo e uso de próteses dentárias. Pacientes e métodos: Os pacientes foram selecionados de acordo com a idade (60 anos e mais), a partir do prontuário médico, de onde também se extraíram informações sobre o sexo, realização do exame da cavidade oral pelo médico assistente e sobre a detecção de lesões da mucosa oral pelo mesmo. O diagnóstico das lesões baseou-se nas suas características clínicas. Resultados: Foram avaliados 198 pacientes, com idade média de 75 anos, sendo 116 do sexo feminino e 82 masculino. Foram detectadas lesões nas cavidades orais de 69 pacientes (34,8 por cento). Em apenas 13 pacientes (6,6 por cento) as lesões haviam sido detectadas também pelo médico assistente. As lesões mais freqüentemente encontradas foram candidíase (23 por cento), epulis fissuratum (11 por cento), hiperplasia inflamatória (11 por cento), afta recorrente (10 por cento), papiloma (10 por cento), queilite angular (7 por cento) e leucoplasia (3 por cento). Em relação à associação das lesões com sexo, tabagismo, etilismo, edentulismo e uso de prótese, encontrou-se que o uso de prótese esteve associado com maior número de lesões, especificamente, com hiperplasia inflamatória. Conclusões: Os dados ora apresentados são comparáveis aos observados em outros estudos, mas, diferentemente daqueles, demonstram o pequeno interesse dos médicos pelo exame da cavidade oral dos seus pacientes. Ressaltamos, portanto, a importância deste trabalho, cujos resultados alertam para a necessidade da realização do exame da cavidade oral por todos os profissionais que cuidam de pacientes idosos.

Aims: To estimate the prevalence of oral mucosa lesions in elderly inpatients admitted to different specialities of a general hospital, its possible association with gender, smoking habit, alcohol use, edentulis and dental prosthesis anda how often these lesions go unrecognizes. Patients and methods: The case notes of all patients 60 years of age and older of both sexes were analyzes in order to identify whether the oral cavity was examined by the responsible doctor and what kind of oral mucosa lesions were detected. Results: A total of 198 patients (median age: 75 years) (116 females; 82 males) were evaluated. Oral cavity lesions were detected in 69 patients (34,8 percent). In only 13 patients (6,6 percent) lesions were recognized by the responsible doctor. The most frequently found lesions were: candidiasis (23 percent), epulis fissuratum (11 percent), inflammatory hyperplasia (11 percent), recurrente aphthous ulcer (10 percent), papilloma (10 percent), angular chelilitis (7 percent) and leucoplakia (3 percent). The use of dental prosthesis was associated with a greater number of lesions specifically inflammatory hyperplasia. Conclusions: The prevalence and type of oral mucosa lesions found in our study is similar to other studies. Nevertheless, is was clear that routine examination of the oral cavity was not performed regularly. It's highlighted the importance of routine examination of elderly oral cavity.

therapeutic and prophylactic role of oral zinc sulfate in management of recurrent aphthous stomatitis [ras] in comparison with dapsone

To evaluate the therapeutic and prophylactic effectiveness of oral zinc sulfate in recurrent aphthous stomatitis RAS in comparison with dapsone. A double-blind placebo controlled study, conducted in the Department of Dermatology, Baghdad Teaching Hospitals, Baghdad, Iraq between May 2005 and October 2006, in which 45 patients with RAS were recruited and divided into 3 equal groups: group A on zinc sulfate 150 mg twice daily, group B on dapsone 50 mg twice daily, and group C on glucose 250 mg as placebo. The drugs were prepared in identical capsules, and the patients were instructed to take the capsules twice daily after meals in a double-blind manner. Assessment of each patient was carried out by the Oral Clinical Manifestation Index OCMI and the diameter of the ulcers at day 0, day 4, and at the second, fourth, sixth, eighth, tenth, and twelfth weeks of therapy. Forty-five patients were included in the study 25 males and 20 females, and their ages ranged between 16-45 years mean +/- SD 31.24 +/- 8.14. In group A, the mean of OCMI and diameter of ulcers improved, with a p=0.0001 for OCMI, and 0.0001 for the diameter for ulcers at the end of the twelfth week of therapy, which was statistically significant. Group B, also showed significant improvement, however, the action was lower and slower p=0.0001 for OCMI, and 0.001 for the diameter for ulcers. Group C revealed slight non-significant improvement p=0.028 for OCMI, and 0.034 for the diameter of ulcers. In the sixth week of therapy, zinc sulfate was more effective than dapsone in reducing the OCMI of the ulcers p=0.007. The present study showed that both zinc sulfate and dapsone had significant therapeutic and prophylactic effects in controlling RAS, however, zinc sulfate had much more rapid and sustained action

Comparison between the two mouth rinses [Persica and antiseptic Irsha] on recurrent aphthous stomatitis

Recurrent aphthous stomatitis [RAS] is one of the most common and the most pathologic status of oral soft mucosa. Frequencies of RAS is between%10 and%20 in population. Numerous agents have been evaluated in the treatment of RAS with mixed results. These agents include antihistamines, anesthetics, vitamins, Levamisole, antibiotics and corticosteroids. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of Irsha and Persica mouthrinses on RAS. Thirty - nine patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis were selected for this double blind clinical trial trial [21 females and 18 males]. Twenty patients were assigned to use Irsha [group A] and nineteen to use Persica [group B] mouth rinse, twice a day for 30 seconds. This base population was identified by clinical examination of aphthous ulceration and based on specific criteria for clinical diagnosis, including appearance, location, size and number of lesions. The results were analyzed by Wilcoxon and Mann - whitney U tests. In three months treatment, the mean value was respectively 18.5 for Irsha and 21.25 for Persica. There was no significant difference between them. Both Irsha and Persica significantly reduced the duration and severity of RAS as compared with baseline in a protocol that included clinical diagnosis, individual patient baseline evaluation and pervision of each patient during the study. According to this study Persica and Irsha mouth rinses have similar effects on RAS. Both of them reduce pain, sore and duration of healing and can be used for treatment of RAS