A psicopatia e o criminoso nato: a modernização do positivismo criminológico / Psychopathy and the born criminal: the modernization of criminological positivism / Psicopatía y el criminal nato: la modernización del positivismo criminológico

O conceito de psicopatia é habitualmente associado a uma psicopatologia caracterizada pela falta de empatia, manipulação, agressividade, impulsividade, egocentrismo, crueldade e criminalidade. Já amplamente aceito pela comunidade científica, o conceito costuma ser utilizado em contextos jurídico-penais na validação de seu funcionamento punitivo. Dentre as concepções que alicerçaram o surgimento histórico desse conceito, destaca-se o papel do criminoso nato de Lombroso. Nesse sentido, este estudo buscou evidenciar como o conceito contemporâneo de psicopatia se firma enquanto modernização das concepções lombrosianas acerca do criminoso nato. Para isso, nos apoiamos na psicopatolologia para realizar um estudo comparativo entre as produções de Lombroso e as pesquisas contemporâneas acerca da psicopatia. Dentre as principais similaridades, destacamos a ênfase atribuída à suposta natureza criminal, etiologicamente decorrente de sua configuração orgânica. No mais, tais concepções também se assemelham no destaque de um déficit afetivo e moral, assim como na descrição da tendência a ser canhoto, egoísta, mentiroso, resistente à dor, narcisista, impulsivo, promíscuo, cruel, maléfico e inapto ao trabalho. Assim como fez Lombroso, as pesquisas acerca da psicopatia costumam ser realizadas com sujeitos já previamente criminalizados; condicionando uma seletividade étnico-racial e de classe. Descritos como sujeitos perigosos, incuráveis e intratáveis, ambas as concepções promovem a defesa do acirramento da punição jurídico-penal. Concluímos que a criminalidade nata de Lombroso continua a ser expressa no conceito de psicopatia, visto que as funções jurídico-penais e socioeconômicas de sua definição exercem o mesmo papel na legitimação científica da violência de Estado, encarceramento em massa e racismo estrutural.(AU)

Psychopathy is usually associated with a psychopathology characterized by a lack of empathy, manipulation, aggressiveness, impulsivity, egocentrism, cruelty, and criminality. Widely accepted by the scientific community, this concept is often used in legal and criminal contexts to validate its punitive functioning. Among the conceptions that underpinned the historical emergence of psychopathy, Lombroso's born criminal stands out. Hence, this study analyzes how the contemporary concept of psychopathy updates Lombrosian conceptions about the born criminal. To do so, we rely on psychopathology to conduct a comparative study between Lombroso's work and contemporary research on psychopathy. Among the main similarities, we highlight the emphasis given to the supposed criminal nature, etiologically arising from its organic configuration. Moreover, such conceptions emphasize an affective and moral deficit, and describe a tendency toward left-handedness, selfishness, lying, pain-resistance, narcissism, impulsivity, promiscuousness, cruelty, maliciousness and unfitness for work. As did Lombroso, research on psychopathy is usually conducted with individuals who have already been criminalized, conditioning an ethnic-racial and class selectivity. By describing these subjects as dangerous, incurable and intractable, both conceptions advocate for increased legal and penal punishment. In conclusion, Lombroso's natural criminality continues to underpin the concept of psychopathy, since its legal-criminal and socioeconomic functions play the same role in scientifically legitimizing state violence, mass incarceration, and structural racism.(AU)

La psicopatía es un concepto generalmente asociado a una psicopatología que se caracteriza por la falta de empatía, la manipulación, agresividad, impulsividad, egocentrismo, crueldad y criminalidad. Ya ampliamente aceptado por la comunidad científica, este concepto se utiliza a menudo en contextos legales para validar su funcionamiento punitivo. Entre los conceptos que fundamentaron el surgimiento histórico de este concepto, destaca el papel del criminal nato de Lombroso. En este contexto, este estudio buscó mostrar cómo el concepto contemporáneo de psicopatía se establece como la modernización de las concepciones lombrosianas sobre el criminal nato. Para eso, se utiliza la psicopatología para realizar un estudio comparativo entre las producciones de Lombroso y la investigación contemporánea sobre psicopatía. Entre las principales similitudes, destaca el énfasis atribuido a su supuesta naturaleza criminal, resultado etiológico de su configuración orgánica. Además, estas concepciones también son similares al resaltar un déficit afectivo y moral, así como al describir la tendencia a ser zurdo, egoísta, mentiroso, resistente al dolor, narcisista, impulsivo, promiscuo, cruel, malévolo e inadecuado para el trabajo. Como hizo Lombroso, los estudios sobre psicopatía se suelen realizar con sujetos que ya han sido criminalizados; condicionando una selectividad étnica, racial y de clase. Calificados como sujetos peligrosos, incurables e intratables, ambas concepciones promueven la defensa del aumento de la pena legal. Se concluye que la criminalidad nata de Lombroso continúa expresándose en el concepto de psicopatía, ya que las funciones penales y socioeconómicas de su definición juegan el mismo papel en la legitimación científica de la violencia estatal, encarcelamiento masivo y racismo estructural.(AU)

O florir da violeta: um estudo de caso em avaliação terapêutica / The flowering of violet: a case study in therapeutic assessment / La flor de la violeta: un estudio de caso en evaluación terapéutica

A Avaliação Terapêutica (AT) é um processo avaliativo e interventivo proposto para ser semiestruturado e colaborativo com o objetivo de promover mudanças positivas no cliente, que é convidado a ter uma participação ativa durante o processo. Na AT, os resultados dos testes psicológicos padronizados ganham destaque como facilitadores do processo de autoconhecimento do cliente. Desse modo, usualmente, integram-se os achados de testes psicológicos de autorrelato com os métodos projetivos para gerar informações que possam ampliar a visão que o cliente tem de si. Neste artigo, buscou-se compreender o potencial de uso dos testes psicológicos e da relação colaborativa a partir de um caso atendido na perspectiva da AT. A participante, Violeta (nome fictício), foi atendida em 10 sessões com duração entre 60 e 115 minutos. Foram utilizados os testes psicológicos Escala de Bem-Estar Psicológico (Ebep), Escala de Vulnerabilidade e Estresse no Trabalho (Event), Bateria Fatorial de Personalidade (BFP), Método de Rorschach e Inventários de Habilidades Sociais 2 (IHS-2). Observou-se que, durante o processo, Violeta ampliou sua autopercepção, o que possibilitou mudanças no modo de agir em seus relacionamentos amorosos e na reflexão sobre como sua postura era vista por si e por seus colegas de trabalho. Acredita-se que a AT cumpriu com o objetivo de estabelecer uma experiência terapêutica que possibilitasse mudanças positivas para a cliente. Este estudo de caso contribuiu para ampliar a compreensão sobre a importância e o uso dos testes psicológicos neste modelo de avaliação psicológica.(AU)

The Therapeutic Assessment (TA) is an evaluative and interventional process proposed to be semi-structured and collaborative with the objective of promoting positive changes in the client, who is invited to have an active participation during the process. At the TA, the results of standardized psychological tests are highlighted as facilitators of the client's self-knowledge process. In this way, the findings of psychological self-report tests are usually integrated with projective methods to generate information that can broaden the client's view of themselves. In this article, understanding the potential use of psychological tests and of the collaborative relationship from a case treated from the TA perspective was sought. The participant, Violet (fictitious name), was assisted in 10 sessions lasting between 60 and 115 minutes. The psychological tests Psychological Well-Being Scale (EBEP), Vulnerability and Stress at Work Scale (EVENT), Personality Factorial Battery (BFP), Rorschach Method and Social Skills Inventories 2 (IHS-2) were used. It was observed that, during the process, Violet increased her self-perception, which allowed changes in her way of acting in her love life and in her reflection on how her posture was seen by herself and herco-workers. It is believed that TA fulfilled the objective of establishing a therapeutic experience that would enable positive changes for the client. This case study contributed to broaden the understanding about the importance and use of psychological testing in this psychological assessment model.(AU)

La Evaluación Terapéutica (ET) es un proceso de evaluación e intervención que se propone ser semiestructurado y colaborativo, con el objetivo de lograr cambios positivos en el cliente, quien es invitado a tener participación activa durante el proceso. En la ET se destacan los resultados de las pruebas psicológicas estandarizadas como facilitadoras del proceso de autoconocimiento del cliente. Los hallazgos de las pruebas psicológicas de autoinforme suelen integrarse con métodos proyectivos para generar información que pueda ampliar la visión que el cliente tiene de sí mismo. En este artículo se buscó comprender el uso potencial de las pruebas psicológicas y de la relación colaborativa a partir de un estudio de caso tratado desde la perspectiva de la ET. Atendieron a la participante Violeta (nombre ficticio), en 10 sesiones que duraron entre 60 y 115 minutos. Se utilizaron las pruebas psicológicas Escala de Bienestar Psicológico (EBEP), Escala de Vulnerabilidad y Estrés en el Trabajo (EVENT), Batería de Factorial de la Personalidad (BFP), Método de Rorschach e Inventario de Habilidades Sociales 2 (IHS-dos). Se observó que, durante el proceso, Violeta amplió su autopercepción, lo que permitió cambios en la forma de actuar en sus relaciones amorosas y en el reflejo de como ella y sus compañeros de trabajo veían su postura. Así, se cree que ET ha cumplido el objetivo de establecer una experiencia terapéutica que permitió cambios positivos a la cliente. Este estudio contribuyó a ampliar la comprensión sobre la importancia y el uso de las pruebas psicológicas en este modelo de evaluación psicológica.(AU)

Reflexo e sombra: o duplo e o narcisismo em hoffmann e chamisso / Reflection and shadow: the double and the narcissism in hoffmann and chamisso / Reflejo y penumbra: el doble y el narcisismo en hoffman y chamisso

Esta é uma pesquisa qualitativa, em formato de ensaio, que realiza o estudo comparado de duas obras literárias, de A. Von Chamisso e E. T. A. Hoffmann, e de uma anotação do diário deste último para problematizar a repercussão de algumas formas de desestabilizações do Eu na dinâmica psíquica da neurose. O foco dos textos referidos está no fenômeno do duplo na sua forma negativizada, isto é, como o desaparecimento da imagem exterior que dá suporte ao Eu. As ausências da sombra e do reflexo são entendidas como representações metafóricas de uma alteração do Eu que engendra repercussões importantes na homeostase psíquica, sobretudo nas relações sociais de troca. Explora-se daí a menção no diário de Hoffmann de instrumentos ópticos para interrogar o uso desses aparelhos como modelos metapsicológicos na psicanálise. Salienta-se, ainda, a participação de processos de natureza estética na dinâmica psíquica do infamiliar, tomando como referência a ligação entre o conto de Hoffmann e o relato de Stendhal sobre a sua estadia em Florença.(AU)

This is a qualitative research, in essay format, which performs the comparative study of two literary works, by A. Von Chamisso and E. T. A. Hoffmann, and an annotation in the latter's diary to problematize the repercussion of some forms of destabilization of the Ego's in the psychic dynamics of neurosis. The focus of the referred texts is on the phenomenon of the double in its negative form, that is, as the disappearance of the outer image that supports the Ego. The absences of the shadow and the reflection are understood as metaphorical representations of an alteration of the Ego that generates important repercussions on psychic homeostasis, above all in social relationships of exchange. Thus, we analyze the mention of optical instruments in Hoffmann's diary to question the use of these devices as metapsychological models in psychoanalysis. Note, also, the participation of processes of aesthetic nature in the psychic dynamics of the uncanny, taking as reference the connection between Hoffmann's short story and Stendhal's account of his stay in Florence.(AU)

Este ensayo cualitativo realiza un estudio comparativo de dos obras literarias de A. Von Chamisso y de E. T. A. Hoffmann, junto con una anotación en el diario de este último para problematizar la repercusión de algunas formas de desestabilizaciones de la función del Yo en la dinámica psíquica de la neurosis. Los textos se centran en el fenómeno del doble en su forma negativa, como la desaparición de la imagen exterior que sostiene el Yo. Se entienden las ausencias de la penumbra y el reflejo como una representación metafórica de una alteración de la función del Yo que genera importantes repercusiones en la regulación psíquica, sobre todo en las relaciones de intercambio social. Se analiza la presencia en el diario de Hoffmann de instrumentos ópticos para discutir el uso de estos dispositivos como modelos metapsicológicos en psicoanálisis. Se destaca la reverberación de procesos de naturaleza estética en la dinámica psíquica de lo ominoso, tomando como referencia la conexión entre el cuento de Hoffmann y el relato de Stendhal sobre su estancia en Florencia.(AU)

A coisa em psicanálise e o objeto no lísis de Platão / The thing in psychoanalysis and object in Plato's lysis / La cosa en psicoanálisis y el objeto en lisis de Platón

Este artigo propõe o estudo sobre o conceito de outro como semelhante e como objeto. Partindo de textos que interpelam a alteridade na psicanálise e remetendo aos temas do complexo semelhante, da satisfação, da perda, do luto, da negativa, da repetição; avalia o conceito de outro articulando textos de diversos autores. A partir da psicanálise freudiana, estuda o das Ding e a negação, discriminando com estes termos um objeto estruturante na origem do psiquismo. Aborda textos técnicos da psicanálise para delimitar o tema da repetição. Também a recordação e a repetição são vinculadas ao objeto e estudadas na perspectiva da filosofia moderna. São retomados temas do diálogo platônicos para definir o lugar do erótico e da amizade. No fim do presente artigo, propomos o termo clássico grego Oikos com valor equivalente ao da Coisa freudiana e como esta aparece em escritos psicanalíticos.(AU)

This article studies the concept of other as similar and object. It is based on texts that question the alterity in psychoanalysis and refers to the themes of otherness complex, loss, grief, negative, repetition, and evaluates the concept of other, using articles of diverse authors. Based on Freudian psychoanalysis, it studies the Thing and the denial and discriminates a structuring object in the origin of psychism. It approaches technical texts of psychoanalysis to delimitate the theme of repetition. The recordation and repetition are also linked to the object and studied from the perspective of modern philosophy. Themes of the platonic dialogues are resumed to define the place of the erotic and the friendship. In the end of the article, we propose the greek classic term Oikos, with equal value to the Freudian Thing, as this one appears in psychoanalytic writings.(AU)

Este artículo estudia el concepto Otro como semejante y como objeto. A partir de textos que interpelan la alteridad en psicoanálisis y que se refieren a temas del complejo semejante, de la satisfacción, de la pérdida, del duelo, de la negación, de la repetición, se evalúa el concepto de Otro articulando textos de diferentes autores. Basado en el psicoanálisis freudiano, se aborda Ding y la negación, discriminando con estos términos un objeto estructurante en el origen de lo psíquico. Se abordan textos técnicos del psicoanálisis para delimitar el tema de la repetición; el recuerdo y la repetición son vinculadas al objeto y estudiadas desde la perspectiva de la filosofía moderna; y se retoman temas de los diálogos platónicos para definir el lugar de lo erótico y la amistad. Al culminar este artículo se propone leer el término griego clásico Oikos con un valor equivalente al de la Cosa freudiana como aparece en los escritos psicoanalíticos.(AU)

Fatores de personalidade e aspectos de saúde em idosos: um estudo longitudinal / Personality factors and health aspects in older adults: a longitudinal study / Factores de personalidad y aspectos de salud en adultos mayores: un estudio longitudinal

O Modelo dos Cinco Grandes Fatores de Personalidade é uma teoria contemporânea que efetivamente auxilia no entendimento das características da personalidade de um indivíduo. Portanto, o presente estudo procurou comparar os cinco grandes fatores de personalidade (neuroticismo, consciência, abertura à experiência, concordância e extroversão) dos idosos antes e depois de um intervalo de quatro anos e identificar o efeito preditivo desses fatores nas variáveis de saúde. Este é um estudo quantitativo e longitudinal. A amostra foi constituída por 60 idosos com idade média de 73,17 anos (DP = 5,99). Os seguintes instrumentos foram aplicados: 1) Questionário de Dados Sociodemográficos e Clínicos e 2) Bateria Fatorial de Personalidade (BFP). As principais descobertas revelaram mudanças significativas nos escores de três fatores de personalidade ao longo de quatro anos: extroversão, consciência e aceitação. Nesse contexto, a variável tempo influenciou significativamente os fatores de personalidade.

The Big Five Personality Factors Model is a contemporary theory that effectively assists in understanding an individual's personality features. Therefore, the present study sought to compare the older adults' big five personality factors (neuroticism, conscientiousness, openness to experience, agreeableness, and extraversion) before and after a four-year interval and to identify the predictive effect of these factors on health variables. This is a quantitative and longitudinal study. The sample consisted of 60 older adults with a mean age of 73.17 years (SD = 5.99). The following instruments were applied: 1) Sociodemographic and Clinical Data Questionnaire; and 2) Personality Factorial Battery (PFB). The main findings revealed significant changes in the scores of three personality factors over four years: extraversion, conscientiousness, and agreeableness. In this context, the time variable had a significant influence on personality factors.

El Gran Modelo de los Cinco Factores de la Personalidad es la teoría contemporánea que efectivamente ayuda a comprender las características de la personalidad de un individuo. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio buscó comparar los cinco grandes factores de personalidad (neuroticismo, conciencia, apertura a la experiencia, amabilidad y extraversión) de los adultos mayores antes y después de un intervalo de cuatro años e identificar el efecto predictivo de estos factores en las variables de salud. Este es un estudio cuantitativo y longitudinal. La muestra consistió en 60 adultos mayores con una edad media de 73.17 años (DE = 5.99). Se aplicaron los siguientes instrumentos: 1) Cuestionario de Datos Sociodemográficos y Clínicos; y 2) Batería Factorial de Personalidad (BFP). Los principales hallazgos revelaron cambios significativos en las puntuaciones de tres factores de personalidad durante cuatro años: extraversión, conciencia y amabilidad. En este contexto, la variable tiempo tuvo una influencia significativa en los factores de personalidad

Infant Temperament: Association with Maternal Depression Symptoms in Pregnancy and Postpartum / Temperamento Infantil: Associação com Sintomas Depressivos Maternos na Gestação e no Pós-Parto / Temperamento Infantil: Asociación con Síntomas Depresivos Maternos en el Embarazo y el Posparto

Abstract Research regarding the association between child temperament and maternal symptoms of depression remains inconclusive. This study aimed to compare the temperament of babies during their first year of life in relation to their mother's depression symptoms in pregnancy and/or postpartum. The study also identified risk factors for negative affectivity, extraversion, and effortful control. Fifty-four mother-infant dyads participated in the study, divided according to maternal depression symptoms into four groups: symptoms during pregnancy, postpartum, at both times, and without symptoms. The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale and Infant Behavior Questionnaire were used. Children of mothers with depression symptoms had higher negative affectivity scores, activity levels, and lower effortful control scores. The prediction analysis revealed that negative affectivity and effortful control were explained by maternal postpartum depression symptoms, indicating that caring for the mother in her adaptation to motherhood can prevent impairment to infant temperament.

Resumo As pesquisas ainda são inconclusivas quanto à associação entre temperamento da criança e sintomas depressivos maternos. Este estudo teve por objetivo comparar o temperamento de bebês durante o primeiro ano de vida, diferenciando-os quanto à presença de sintomas depressivos maternos na gestação e/ou pós-parto e identificar fatores de risco para afeto negativo, extroversão e controle com esforço. Participaram 54 díades mãe-bebê, divididas quanto aos sintomas depressivos maternos em quatro grupos: sintomas na gestação, no pós-parto, nos dois momentos e sem sintomas depressivos. Utilizou-se a escala de Depressão Pós-Parto de Edimburgo e Infant Behavior Questionnaire. Filhos de mães com sintomas depressivos obtiveram maiores escores de afeto negativo, nível de atividade e menor escore de controle com esforço. Na análise de predição, o afeto negativo e controle com esforço foram explicados pelos sintomas depressivos maternos pós-parto, sinalizando que cuidar da mãe, em sua adaptação à maternidade, pode evitar prejuízos ao temperamento infantil.

Resumén Las investigaciónes no son concluyentes con respecto a la asociación entre temperamento infantil y síntomas depresivos maternos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar el temperamento de bebés durante el primer año de vida, diferenciándolos en cuanto a la presencia de síntomas depresivos maternos en el embarazo y/o el posparto y identificando factores de riesgo para afecto negativo, extroversión y control con esfuerzo. Participaron 54 díadas madre-bebé, divididas en cuatro grupos: síntomas depresivos maternos gestacionales, posparto, en los dos momentos y sin síntomas depresivos. Se utilizaron la Escala de Depresión Posparto de Edimburgo y el Cuestionario de Comportamiento Infantil. Hijos de madres con síntomas depresivos tenían puntajes más altos de afecto negativo, nivel de actividad y más bajos de control con esfuerzo. En el análisis de predicción, síntomas depresivos maternos posparto explicaron afecto negativo y control con esfuerzo, señalizando que cuidar de la adaptación de la madre a la maternidad, puede prevenir daños al temperamento infantil.

Indecisão e maturidade vocacional, autoeficácia e personalidade em adolescentes com e sem superdotação / Vocational and maturity indecision, self-efficacy, and personality in gifted and non-gifted adolescents / Indecisión y madurez vocacional, autoeficacia y personalidad en adolescentes superdotados y no superdotados

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as características sociodemográficas, nível de indecisão vocacional (EIV), autoeficácia geral percebida (EAGP), personalidade (BFP) e maturidade para a escolha profissional (EMEP) de adolescentes com e sem superdotação. A amostra foi composta por 31 adolescentes com idade média de 16,29 anos (DP = 1,21), 12 com superdotação e 19 sem superdotação. Os superdotados foram recrutados em um Núcleo Estadual de Altas Habilidades/Superdotação e os sem superdotação em uma escola particular. Os dois grupos de adolescentes responderam os mesmos instrumentos: ficha de dados sociodemográficos, EMEP, EIV, BFP e EAGP. Os sem superdotação apresentaram menores níveis de autoeficácia (EAGP) e maiores níveis de neuroticismo (BFP) e responsabilidade (EMEP). Já os adolescentes com superdotação obtiveram maiores níveis de realização (BFP), autoeficácia (EAGP), determinação (EMEP), extroversão e abertura (BFP) e autoconhecimento (EMEP). Os resultados contribuem para que orientadores profissionais e de carreira desenhem intervenções mais assertivas para adolescentes superdotados. (AU)

The aim of the study was to compare the sociodemographic characteristics, level of vocational indecision (EIV), perceived general self-efficacy (EAGP), personality (BFP) and maturity for professional choice (EMEP), of adolescents with and without giftedness. The sample consisted of 31 adolescents with a mean age of 16.29 years (SD = 1.21), 12 with giftedness and 19 without. The gifted students were recruited from a State Center for High Skills/Giftedness and the non-gifted students from a private school. The two groups of adolescents answered the same instruments, including a sociodemographic data form, the EMEP, EIV, BFP and EAGP. The non-gifted students presented lower levels of self-efficacy (EAGP) and higher levels of neuroticism (BFP) and responsibility (EMEP). The gifted adolescents presented higher levels of achievement (BFP), self-efficacy (EAGP), determination (EMEP), extraversion and openness (BFP), and self-knowledge (EMEP). The results can help professional and career counselors to design more assertive actions for gifted adolescents. (AU)

El objetivo del estudio fue comparar las características sociodemográficas, nivel de indecisión vocacional (EIV), autoeficacia general percibida (EAGP), personalidad (BFP) y madurez para la elección profesional (EMEP), de adolescentes con y sin superdotación. La muestra se compuso por 31 adolescentes con una edad media de 16,29 años (DS = 1,21), 12 con superdotación y 19 sin superdotación. Los superdotados fueron reclutados de un Centro Estatal de Altas Habilidades/Superdotación y aquellos sin superdotación de una escuela privada. Los dos grupos de adolescentes respondieron los mismos instrumentos: ficha sociodemográfica, EMEP, EIV, BFP y EAGP. Los niveles más bajos de autoeficacia (EAGP) y niveles más altos de neuroticismo (BFP) y responsabilidad (EMEP). Los adolescentes superdotados, por su parte, tenían niveles más altos de logro (BFP), autoeficacia (EAGP), determinación (EMEP), extraversión y apertura (BFP) y autoconocimiento (EMEP). Los resultados ayudan a los consejeros profesionales y de carrera a diseñar acciones más asertivas para los adolescentes superdotados. (AU)

Resilience / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#There are almost one million families who lost their only child in China, and 65.6% of them had severe and long lasting depression and needed timely psycho-intervention. This study aims to explore the relationship among resilience and its influential factors, and to compare their effect on depression.@*METHODS@#A total of 212 only-child loss person in 9 administrative regions in Changsha were assessed by using Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Zung Self-rating Depression Scale, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, Simplified Eysenck Personality Questionnaire, Social Support Rating Scale, and General Self-efficacy Scale. A hypothetical model was tested based on Kumpfer resilience framework and stress-coping theory.@*RESULTS@#The influential factors of resilience were: positive coping (the total effect value was 0.480), support utilization (the total effect value was 0.359), neuroticism (the total effect value was -0.326), negative coping (the total effect value was 0.279), extraversion (the total effect value was 0.219), and objective support (the total effect value was 0.077). The process of individual-environment interaction showed a greater impact on resilience, which had a direct effect on depression (the total effect value was -0.344, 67.1%), and also indirect effect through self-efficacy (the total effect value was -0.169). The total effect of resilience accounted for 20.1% of the total effect of all variables.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Resilience mainly impacts depression directly, and can negatively predict depression in only-child loss parents. Resilience, located before self-efficacy, is a significant stress mediating variables. Personality traits and support utilization indirectly impact resilience via negative and positive coping. The key to promote the reorganization of resilience is the process of individual-environmental interaction, involving support utilization, positive coping, and some sorts of negative coping strategies, which plays an important role in developing a resilience intervention program and can improve the depression of the only-child loss person.

Personality Traits and Marital Adjustment: Interaction between Intra and Interpersonal Aspects / Traços de Personalidade e Ajustamento Conjugal: Interação entre Aspectos Intra e Interpessoais / Rasgos de Personalidad y Ajuste Conyugal: Interacción entre los Aspectos Intra e Interpersonales

Abstract Personality characteristics have been evaluated due to the reflexes that they provoke in the conjugal satisfaction and adjustment. The objective of this study was to evaluate the actor-partner effects of personality traits on the conjugal adjustment of heterosexual couples. The study, quantitative and explanatory, evaluated 231 couples from different cities of Rio Grande do Sul. Respondents completed the Socio-demographic questionnaire, the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale and the Personality Adjectives Marker scale. The data was analyzed using the Latent Traits Model. The results indicate that socialization, neuroticism and achievement factors have an effect on the marital adjustment of husbands and wives. There is a partner effect on the wives' neuroticism factor and on the husbands' achievement factor. The extroversion and openness factors do not provoke actor-partner effects on the adjustment of the couples. The results are discussed in the light of other studies and research agendas are suggested.

Resumo As características de personalidade têm sido avaliadas devido aos reflexos que provocam na satisfação e no ajustamento conjugal. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos ator-parceiro dos traços de personalidade sobre o ajustamento conjugal de casais heterossexuais. O estudo, quantitativo e explicativo, avaliou 231 casais provenientes de diferentes cidades do Rio Grande do Sul. Os respondentes preencheram questionário sócio demográfico, o Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale e a escala de Adjetivos Marcadores da Personalidade. Os dados foram analisados por meio do Modelo de Traços Latentes. Os resultados indicam que os fatores socialização, neuroticismo e realização provocam efeito ator sobre o ajustamento conjugal de maridos e esposas. Ocorre efeito parceiro no fator neuroticismo das esposas e no fator realização dos maridos. Os fatores extroversão e abertura não provocam efeitos ator-parceiro sobre o ajustamento dos casais. Os resultados são discutidos à luz de outros estudos e agendas de pesquisa são sugeridas.

Resumen Las características de la personalidad se han evaluado debido a los reflejos en la satisfacción y ajuste marital. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los efectos actor-pareja de los rasgos de personalidad en el ajuste marital de las parejas heterosexuales. El estudio, cuantitativo y explicativo, evaluó 231 parejas de diferentes ciudades del Rio Grande do Sul. Los entrevistados completaron un cuestionario sociodemográfico, el Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale y la escala de Adjetivos Marcadores de la Personalidad. Los datos fueron analizados por el Modelo de Rasgos Latentes. Los resultados indicaron que los fatores socialización, neuroticismo y realización tuvieran un efecto en el ajuste marital de los maridos y las esposas. El neuroticismo de las esposas y el factor de realización de los maridos tuvieran un efecto en la pareja. Los factores extroversión y apertura no provocaron efectos de actor-pareja en el ajuste marital de las parejas. Los resultados se examinan a la luz de otros estudios y se sugieren agendas de investigación.

Personality differences and COVID-19: are extroversion and conscientiousness personality traits associated with engagement with containment measures?

Abstract Introduction In December 2019, an outbreak of the novel coronavirus, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) probably occurred in Wuhan, China. By March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) had declared a pandemic. Containment measures such as social distancing and hand hygiene were recommended. In this study, we start from the hypothesis that engaging with containment measures in a pandemic situation should be more comfortable for some people than for other people. Thus, individual differences should be associated with engagement with containment measures. Objective To investigate to what extent two personality traits, extroversion and conscientiousness, are associated with engagement with two containment measures (social distancing and handwashing). Methods The sample consisted of 715 Brazilian adults aged 18-78 years, who answered the Big Five Inventory 2 Short (BFI-2-S) and factors from the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (IDCP-2). Results Higher scores for extroversion were associated with lower means for social distancing (p < 0.001) and higher scores for conscientiousness were associated with higher means for social distancing and handwashing (p < 0.05). Conclusion The findings indicate the importance of acknowledging extroversion and conscientiousness traits as relevant to people's engagement with the measures recommended for COVID-19 containment.

Food habits, health behaviors related to the personality in Korean college students / 한국영양학회지

PURPOSE: This study identified the relationship between dietary habits and health-related behaviors depending on the Big Five personality factors (extraversion, openness, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism).METHODS: The NEO-II test was administered to 337 male and female college students in Seongnam City, Gyeonggi Province, and their dietary habits and health-related behaviors were surveyed.RESULTS: The male participants showed higher scores for extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness compared to that of their female counterparts, while the female participants showed higher scores for neuroticism. As for the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis, in the case of men, higher scores for extraversion were related to a lower intake of instant/fast foods and a higher intake of vegetables; higher agreeableness scores were related to a lower intake of fruit; and higher neuroticism scores were related to a heavy intake of high-cholesterol foods. It was found that higher openness scores were associated with a higher intake of burnt fish/meat and a lower intake of animal fat, while higher agreeableness scores were related to a lower intake of burnt fish/meat in women. Also, those subjects with higher openness and agreeableness scores were found to better consider the nutritional balance when having a meal. In the case of the male participants, higher openness scores were related to increased physical activity, while higher neuroticism scores were related to increased smoking and a lack of sleep. As for the women, those with higher extraversion scores smoked more, while those who recorded higher agreeableness scores were involved in more physical activities.CONCLUSION: Differences were observed in dietary habits and health-related behaviors between men and women depending on personality factors, and the analysis results of some dietary habits according to personality factors were inconsistent with those of the overseas studies. Therefore, to provide customized nutritional counseling when considering each individual's personality factors, more research results from domestic samples should be collected and accumulated.

A Study on Personality Characteristics, Eating Habits and Food Neophobia of High School Students / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the relationship among personality characteristics, eating habits and food neophobia of high school students. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire was applied to 512 students who were in the first and second grade in four different high schools in Gyeong-gi-province. The questionnaire was designed to examine the personality characteristics, eating habits, and food neophobia. RESULTS: The personality characteristics of both boys and girls had intimacy, openness/intelligence, extroversion, sincerity, and emotional stability from highest to lowest. The girls (2.00) had better eating habits than the boys (1.90)(p < 0.05). To examine the level of food neophobia using the FNS (Food Neophobia Scale), girls tended to score higher in the FNS than boys (36.36 vs. 34.06). The relationship between the personal characteristics and eating habits showed a positive correlation (p < 0.01). The relationship between the personal characteristics and food neophoia revealed a negative correlation with all personal characteristics (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the study confirmed the relationship among personal characteristics, eating habits, and food neophobia. This study is expected to provide ways to teach teenagers how to support their proper eating habits and personality characteristics.

Beliefs about Tic Disorders and Tourette's Syndrome in South Korea: An Online Panel Survey

OBJECTIVES: This study investigates lay beliefs about the etiology and treatments of tic disorder and Tourette's syndrome, as well as identifying sociodemographic and personality variables affecting these beliefs among South Koreans. METHODS: In total, 673 participants (mean age 41.77±12.03 years) completed an online survey regarding their beliefs about tic disorder and Tourette's syndrome. The factors related to their lay beliefs about the disorders were analyzed, and the correlates were investigated. RESULTS: Results indicated that lay people in South Korea held strong beliefs that the causes of tic disorder and Tourette's syndrome lie within the parenting/psychological and neurological/biological categories, compared to the dietary/environmental one. Among the sociodemographic variables, sex, age, and levels of subjective mental health knowledge were primarily associated with the aforementioned beliefs. Familiarity with tic disorder and Tourette's syndrome was also associated with these beliefs. Among the personality traits investigated, extraversion and conscientiousness had significant influences on the beliefs people had about tic disorder and Tourette's syndrome. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that both policy makers and mental health service providers should adopt a strategic approach for developing and implementing health education interventions about tic disorder and Tourette's syndrome because individual sociodemographic variables, familiarity with the disorders, and personality traits are all associated with the beliefs about these disorders.

A Study on Personality Characteristics, Eating Habits and Food Neophobia of High School Students / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the relationship among personality characteristics, eating habits and food neophobia of high school students. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire was applied to 512 students who were in the first and second grade in four different high schools in Gyeong-gi-province. The questionnaire was designed to examine the personality characteristics, eating habits, and food neophobia. RESULTS: The personality characteristics of both boys and girls had intimacy, openness/intelligence, extroversion, sincerity, and emotional stability from highest to lowest. The girls (2.00) had better eating habits than the boys (1.90)(p < 0.05). To examine the level of food neophobia using the FNS (Food Neophobia Scale), girls tended to score higher in the FNS than boys (36.36 vs. 34.06). The relationship between the personal characteristics and eating habits showed a positive correlation (p < 0.01). The relationship between the personal characteristics and food neophoia revealed a negative correlation with all personal characteristics (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of the study confirmed the relationship among personal characteristics, eating habits, and food neophobia. This study is expected to provide ways to teach teenagers how to support their proper eating habits and personality characteristics.

Factors Influencing Happiness among Pregnant Women in the Ecological Systems Theory

PURPOSE: This study tries to systematically understand factors that explain levels of happiness among pregnant women in the Ecological systems theory. METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 169 pregnant women in Korea. Collected data from self-report questionnaires were analyzed by hierarchical regression analysis using the SPSS statistics 23 program. RESULTS: A total of 5 models were examined according to individual, microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem in the Ecological systems theory. In the first model including individual factors, extraversion, neuroticism, and physical and psychological change constitute significant factors explaining happiness. In the second model with microsystem factors and in the third one with mesosystem factors, marital intimacy appears to be a significant factor. In the fourth model including exosystem factors, community service is a significant factor. In the final model with social atmosphere, personality (β=.15 for extraversion; β=−.30 for neuroticism), physical and psychological change (β=−.15), marital intimacy (β=.35), and community service (β= .18) turn out to be significant. These factors explain 59% of the variance of happiness in the pregnant women in Korea. CONCLUSION: Considering the fact that pregnant women's happiness is explained by microsystem and exosystem factors as well as individual factors, developing intervention programs that can promote influencing factors such as marital intimacy and community service is necessary to improve levels of happiness among pregnant women in Korea.

Características psicométricas do Questionário de Temperamento de Aproximação e Evitação em trabalhadores / Psychometric characteristics of the Approach-Avoidance Temperament Questionnaire in workers / Características psicométricas del Cuestionario de Temperamento de Aproximación y Evitación en trabajadores

O temperamento de aproximação ou abordagem caracteriza-se como uma sensibilidade neurobiológica geral a estímulos positivos desejáveis, enquanto o temperamento de evitação ou evasão é instigado por eventos negativos indesejáveis. O presente trabalho reúne evidências iniciais de validade de estrutura interna e de relações com variáveis externas do Questionário de Temperamento de Aproximação-Evitação (ATQ) em trabalhadores brasileiros. Participaram do estudo 453 trabalhadores de ambos os sexos (79,2% do sexo feminino). As análises fatoriais confirmatórias indicaram que o modelo ajustado de dois fatores não correlacionados foi o que obteve os melhores índices de ajuste. Na relação com variáveis externas, as dimensões de aproximação e evitação apresentaram, respectivamente, correlações positivas baixas e correlações negativas baixas a moderadas, com o engajamento no trabalho, a adaptabilidade à carreira e o desempenho de papéis no trabalho. As evidências iniciais de validade obtidas recomendam o uso do ATQ em pesquisas futuras realizadas no contexto organizacional brasileiro.

Approach temperament is characterized as a general neurobiological sensitivity to desirable positive stimuli, while the avoidance temperament is instigated by undesirable negative events. The study gathered initial evidence of validity of internal structure and relations with external variables of the Approach-Avoidance Temperament Questionnaire (ATQ) in Brazilian workers. In total, 453 workers of both gender (79.2% female) participated in the study. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the adjusted model of two uncorrelated factors was the one that obtained the best adjustment indices. In relation to external variables, the dimensions of approach and avoidance presented, respectively, low positive correlations and low to moderate negative correlations, with work engagement, career adaptability and role performance at work. The initial evidence of validity obtained recommends the use of the ATQ in future research carried out in the Brazilian organizational context.

El temperamento de aproximación o enfoque se caracteriza como una sensibilidad neurobiológica general a estímulos positivos deseables, mientras que el temperamento de evitación o evasión es instigado por eventos negativos indeseables. El estudio reunió evidencias iniciales de validez de estructura interna y de relaciones con variables externas del Cuestionario de Temperamento de Aproximación-Evitación (ATQ) en trabajadores brasileños. Participaron del estudio 453 trabajadores de ambos sexos (79,2% del sexo femenino). Las análisis factoriales confirmatorios indicaron que el modelo ajustado de dos factores no correlacionados fue el que obtuvo los mejores índices de ajuste. En la relación con variables externas, las dimensiones de aproximación y evitación presentaron, respectivamente, correlaciones positivas bajas y correlaciones negativas bajas a moderadas, con el compromiso en el trabajo, la adaptabilidad a la carrera y el desempeño de papeles en el trabajo. Las evidencias iniciales de validez obtenidas recomiendan el uso del ATQ en investigaciones futuras realizadas en el contexto organizacional brasileño.

The Impacts of Childhood Trauma on Psychosocial Features in a Chinese Sample of Young Adults

OBJECTIVE: The aims of the present study were to explore the occurrence of childhood trauma and importantly to determine the impacts of childhood trauma on psychosocial features in a Chinese sample of young adults. METHODS: A survey was carried out in a group of 555 university students by using Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Dysfunctional Attitudes Questionnaire (DAS), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS). The moderate-severe cut-off scores for CTQ were used to calculate the prevalence of childhood trauma, and then psychosocial features were compared between individuals with and without childhood trauma. RESULTS: A proportion of 18.6% of university students had self-reported childhood trauma exposures. Subjects with childhood trauma reported higher scores of SDS, SAS, DAS, and psychoticism and neuroticism dimensions of EPQ (t=4.311–5.551, p < 0.001); while lower scores of SSRS and extraversion dimension of EPQ (t=-4.061– -3.039, p < 0.01). Regression analyses further revealed that scores of SAS and DAS were positively (Adjusted B=0.211–0.230, p < 0.05), while scores of SSRS were negatively (Adjusted B=-0.273– -0.240, p < 0.05) associated with specific CTQ scores. CONCLUSION: Childhood trauma is still a common social and psychological problem. Individuals with childhood trauma show much more depression, anxiety, distorted cognition, personality deficits, and lower levels of social support, which may represent the social and psychological vulnerability for developing psychiatric disorders after childhood trauma experiences.

Aberrant Tendency of Noncurrent Emotional Experiences in Individuals at Ultra-High Risk for Psychosis

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate whether aberrant tendency of noncurrent emotion was present in individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis and to explore its associations with various clinical profiles. METHODS: Fifty-seven individuals at UHR and 49 normal controls were enrolled. The tendency of experiencing noncurrent emotion was assessed using various noncurrent emotional self-reported formats, including trait [Neuroticism and Extraversion of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire], hypothetical (Chapman’s Revised Physical and Social Anhedonia Scales), and retrospective [Anhedonia-Asociality Subscale of the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS)] measures. Self-related beliefs (Self-Perception Scale), clinical positive and negative symptoms (SA Positive Symptoms and SANS), psychosocial function (Global Functioning Scale: Role Function and Global Functioning Scale: Social Function) were also examined. RESULTS: Subjects at UHR for psychosis reported more trait unpleasant and less trait pleasant emotions, more hypothetical physical and social anhedonia, and more retrospective anhedonia than normal controls. In UHR, self-perception was correlated to trait unpleasant emotion and hypothetical physical and social anhedonia. Negative symptoms in UHR were associated with hypothetical physical anhedonia and retrospective anhedonia. Global social functioning was related to trait pleasant emotion, hypothetical physical and social anhedonia, and retrospective anhedonia. Neurocognitive function, positive symptoms, and global role functioning were not related with any noncurrent emotional experience measures in UHR. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the aberrant tendency of noncurrent emotional experience may be present at the ‘putative’ prodromal phase and are grossly associated with self-related beliefs and psychosocial functioning but not neurocognitive functioning.

Questionário de Necessidade de Emoções (NAQ-S): Validade de Construto, Invariância e Fidedignidade / Need for Affect Questionnaire (NAQ-S): Construct Validity, Invariance and Reliability / Cuestionario de Necesidad de Emóciones (NAQ-S): Validez de Constructo, Invariancia y Fiabilidad

Dois estudos (N = 457) examinaram as propriedades psicométricas da versão reduzida do Questionário de Necessidade de Emoções (Need for Affect Questionnaire: NAQ-S) no contexto brasileiro. No primeiro estudo, uma análise de componentes principais indicou uma estrutura bifatorial, com cinco itens cada: aproximação (α = 0,70) e evitação (α = 0,75). Confirmou-se essa estrutura no segundo estudo (GFI = 0,92; CFI = 0,90), mostrando-se invariante quanto ao sexo. Para verificar os correlatos do NAQ-S, utilizou-se, nos dois estudos, medidas que visam avaliar os valores humanos, a solidão e a necessidade de pertença, além dos cinco fatores da personalidade no segundo estudo. Os resultados demonstraram que uma maior necessidade de emoção foi associada com maior extroversão, maiores escores em valores de experimentação e interativos, e escores mais baixos de solidão. Os estudos apresentam suporte de validade do NAQ-S no Brasil, mostrando sua utilidade para fins de pesquisa.(AU)

Two studies (N=457) examined the psychometric properties of the short version of the Need for Affect Questionnaire (NAQS) in the Brazilian context. In the first study, a principal components analysis indicated a two-factor structure, with five items each: approach (α= .70) and avoidance (α= .75). This structure was confirmed in the second study (GFI= .92; CFI= .90), and it was invariant across gender. To verify the correlates of NAQ-S, we used measures to evaluate the human values, loneliness and need to belong in both studies, besides the five personality factors in the second study. The results showed that higher need for affect was associated with higher extraversion, higher scores in excitement and interactive values, and with lower loneliness scores. The studies support the validity of the NAQ-S in Brazil, showing its usefulness for research purposes.(AU)

Dos estudios (N=457) examinaron las propriedades psicométricas de la versión reducida del Cuestionario de Necesidad de Emociones (Need for Affect Questionnaire; NAQ-S) en el contexto brasileño. En el primer estudio, un análisis de componentes principales indicó una estructura bifactorial, con cinco ítems cada una: aproximación (α = .70) y evitación (α = .75). Se confirmo esta estructura en el segundo estudio (GFI=.92; FCI=.90), mostrándose invariable con relación al sexo. Para verificar las correlaciones del NAQ-S, fue utilizado en ambos estudios medidas que tienden a evaluar los valores humanos, la soledad y la necesidad de pertenencia, además de evaluarse en el segundo estudio los cinco factores de personalidad. Los resultados mostraron que una mayor necesidad de emoción, fue asociada con mayor extraversión, con resultados mayores en valores de experimentación e interactivos, y resultados más bajos de soledad. Los estudios presentan apoyo de validez del NAQ-S en Brasil, mostrando su utilidad para fines de investigación.(AU)

Addictive Behavior and Personality among Workers with Hazardous Alcohol Drinking / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: This study examined psychiatric characteristics including addictive behavior and personality traits among workers with hazardous drinking. METHODS: The cross-sectional study included 486 workers. Socio-demographic and clinical variables were collected, and employed the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Korean version (AUDIT-K), Korean translation of the Internet Addiction Test, Smartphone Addiction Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Korean version of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (K-CD-RISC), Big Five Inventory-Korean version-10 (BFI-K-10). Hazardous drinking was identified with the AUDIT-K score of 10 in men and 6 in women. Univariate and logistic regression analysis were used to identify factors associated with hazardous drinking. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-eight (34.6%) workers reported hazardous drinking. It was more common in men and workers with lower levels of education, workers that smoked and experienced smartphone addiction, and had experienced attempted suicide. Among the assessment scales, scores on the HADS and PSS were higher, and scores on the K-CD-RISC were lower for these workers. Regarding scores for the BFI-K-10, higher extraversion, lower agreeableness, and lower openness were related to hazardous drinking. Logistic regression analysis revealed that smoking, smartphone addiction, history of attemptd suicide, and higher scores on extraversion of the BFI-K-10 were significantly associated with hazardous drinking. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that hazardous drinking tends to coexist with other addictive behaviors such as smoking and smartphone addiction. Clinicians should also be aware of suicidal risk in people with hazardous drinking.