Case report: surgical treatment of high-flow coronary fistulas for the pulmonary artery

Abstract Coronary fistulas are rare anomalies that can affect approximately 1% of the population, presenting few specific symptoms, and are often found occasionally in coronary angiography. Here we describe the case of a 61-year-old patient with complaints of precordialgia and dyspnea since adolescence, with late diagnosis of coronary fistulas with drainage to the pulmonary artery, and with unsuccessful percutaneous treatment. Therefore, she underwent open surgery for the correction of the already known fistulas, in addition to the hemangioma involving such vessels, which made the understanding and resolution of this case more complex.

Long-term traumatic and asymptomatic aorto-right atrial fistula

Abstract Aorto-atrial fistulas due to cardiac trauma are rare, and survivors require immediate surgical correction. Here, we report a case of an aorto-right atrial fistula due to penetrating trauma after a 16-year evolution, which developed symptoms of acute coronary syndrome and was treated with myocardial revascularization and correction of the aorto-cameral fistula.

Coronary arteriovenous fistulas in adult patients: surgical management and outcomes

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the demographic, clinical and anatomic characteristics of coronary arteriovenous fistulas in adult patients who underwent open cardiac surgery and to review surgical management and outcomes. Methods: Twenty-one adult patients (12 female, 9 male; mean age: 56.1±7.9 years) who underwent surgical treatment for coronary arteriovenous fistulas were retrospectively included in this study. Coronary angiography, chest X-ray, electrocardiography and transthoracic echocardiography were preoperatively performed in all patients. Demographic and clinical data were also collected. Postoperative courses of all patients were monitored and postoperative complications were noted. Results: A total of 25 coronary arteriovenous fistulas were detected in 21 patients; the fistulas originated mainly from left anterior descending artery (n=9, 42.8%). Four (19.4%) patients had bilateral fistulas originating from both left anterior descending and right coronary artery. The main drainage site of coronary arteriovenous fistulas was the pulmonary artery (n=18, 85.7%). Twelve (57.1%) patients had isolated coronary arteriovenous fistulas and 4 (19.4%), concomitant coronary artery disease. Twenty (95.3%) of all patients were symptomatic. Seventeen patients were operated on with and 4 without cardiopulmonary bypass. There was no mortality. Three patients had postoperative atrial fibrillation. One patient had pericardial effusion causing cardiac tamponade who underwent reoperation. Conclusion: The decision of surgical management should be made on the size and the anatomical location of coronary arteriovenous fistulas and concomitant cardiac comorbidities. Surgical closure with ligation of coronary arteriovenous fistulas can be performed easily with on-pump or off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting, even in asymptomatic patients to prevent fistula related complications with very low risk of mortality and morbidity.

Fístula coronaria gigante. Presentación clínica, caracterización angiográfica, tratamiento y seguimiento a largo plazo: caso clínico / Giant coronary artery fistula: report of one case

Coronary artery fistulae are abnormal connections between a coronary artery and any cardiac chamber or other vessels. Most of them have a congenital origin. We report a 60 years old woman referring a history of progressive dyspnea and orthopnea during the last year. A continuous heart murmur was audible in the third and fourth intercostal spaces at the left sternal border. Electrocardiogram was normal and echocardiography showed mild dilation of right cavities and an image suggesting a dilated right coronary artery with flow to right atrium. Coronary angiography was performed, showing a normal left coronary artery and a very large, tortuous right coronary artery with an extensive communication to coronary venous sinus. Surgical treatment was decided and was performed without incidents. The patient is well after five years of follow up.

Videotoracoscopia para fechamento de fístula coronário-pulmonar: relato de caso / Video-thoracoscopy closure of coronary artery fistula: case report

As fístulas da artéria coronária (FAC) são raras e, muitas vezes, achado ocasional. O tratamento convencional é realizado por fechamento cirúrgico com toracotomia mediana ou por meio de embolização por procedimento hemodinâmico. Descrevemos uma técnica inovadora para ligadura da FAC de forma totalmente endoscópica. Mulher, 45 anos, com fístula sintomática entre artéria coronária descendente anterior e tronco de artéria pulmonar onde se realizou toracoscopia esquerda, pericardiotomia e ligadura do pertuito com clipe metálico. Não houve intercorrência, a paciente permaneceu 24 horas na UTI e teve alta hospitalar no 4º dia. A técnica foi efetiva, permitiu fácil acessibilidade cirúrgica e rápida recuperação pós-operatória.

The coronary artery fistulas (FAC) are rare and often found occasionally. The conventional treatment can be made by surgical closure with median thoracotomy or with embolization by catheterization. We describe an innovative technique to ligature of FAC, on a full endoscopy. Women, 45 years with symptomatic fistula between coronary artery anterior descending and trunk artery pulmonary, which took thoracoscopy left, pericardiotomy and ligation of fistula with metal clip without thoracotomy. There were no complications, stayed 24 hours in the ICU and was in hospital 4 days. The technique was effective, allows easy accessibility surgical and quick post-operative recovery.

Hipertensão pulmonar secundária à fístulas coronarianas para tronco da pulmonar / Pulmonary hypertension secondary to coronary-to-pulmonary artery fistula

A fístula coronariana é uma anomalia caracterizada por comunicação entre uma artéria coronária e uma câmara cardíaca, artéria pulmonar, seio coronariano e veias pulmonares. Representa 0,2 por cento a 0,4 por cento das cardiopatias congênitas e 0,1 por cento a 0,2 por cento da população adulta submetida a angiografia coronariana. Relatamos o caso clínico de uma paciente com 64 anos, cuja anomalia foi diagnosticada durante investigação clínica por desconforto torácico, dispnéia e síncope, sendo indicada correção cirúrgica com abertura da artéria pulmonar através de circulação extracorpórea.

The coronary fistula is an anomaly characterized by the communication between a coronary artery and a cardiac chamber, pulmonary artery, coronary sinus and pulmonary veins. It represents 0.2 to 0.4 percent of the congenital cardiopathies and 0.1 percent to 0.2 percent of the adult population submitted to coronary angiography. We report the clinical case of a 64-year-old female patient, whose anomaly was diagnosed during a clinical investigation due to chest discomfort, dyspnea and syncope; the surgical correction was indicated, with opening of the pulmonary artery through extracorporeal circulation.

Aneurisma do arco aórtico com fístula aorto-pulmonar: tratamento cirúrgico com sucesso / Aortic arch aneurysm with aorto-pulmonary fistula: successful surgical repair

Aneurisma de arco aórtico com fístula aorto-pulmonar aguda é uma afecção rara e, geralmente, diagnosticada postmortem. Poucos relatos de sucesso cirúrgico foram realizados e persiste uma alta taxa de mortalidade. Os autores relatam o caso de um paciente de 78 anos, com comunicação aguda entre aneurisma de arco aórtico e artéria pulmonar com precordialgia, instabilidade hemodinâmica e congestão pulmonar. A operação foi realizada com sucesso, sendo realizada a substituição da porção proximal da aorta descendente, do arco aórtico e da porção distal da aorta ascendente, além do fechamento da fístula.

Surgical treatment of isolated fistulae of coronary arteries

OBJETIVO: Relatar o tratamento cirúrgico das fístulas isoladas de artérias coronárias para o tronco da artéria pulmonar. MÉTODO: No período de 1995 a 1999, três pacientes do sexo feminino com diagnóstico de fístulas isoladas de artérias coronárias, confirmado pela cinecoronariografia, foram tratadas através da abordagem cirúrgica. RESULTADOS: Os pacientes estudados näo apresentavam outras doenças cardíacas associadas. O quadro clínico predominante era de angina pectoris em todos os pacientes. Após o fechamento dos óstios coronários e ligadura das fístulas, com evoluçäo pós-operatória sem intercorrências, os pacientes evoluíram clinicamente assintomáticos, com desaparecimento total do quadro anginoso. CONCLUSAO: A correçäo cirúrgica deve ser proposta para os casos diagnosticados de fístulas isoladas de artérias coronárias para evitar complicações importantes, considerando-se a baixa morbi-mortalidade hospitalar e a facilidade técnica para o fechamento e ligadura das fístulas.

Transcatheter closure of a large coronary artery fistula with Amplatzer duct occluder: a new approach.

We report a new retrograde approach for the successful closure of a large right coronary artery fistula in a 27-year-old man using the Amplatzer duct occluder. The device was deployed through a coronary angioplasty-guiding catheter that had been advanced through the aorta and the dilated right coronary artery into the fistula. This method simplified the procedure by eliminating the need for making a femoral artery-to-femoral vein wire loop.

Aneurisma micotico de aorta abdominal complicado con fístula aortoduodenal y aorto cava simultaneos / Mycotic aneurysm of abdominal aorta complicated with aorto-enteric and aorto-cava vein fistulaes

Las fístulas entre la arteria aorta y el tubo digestivo y la aorta y las grandes venas son complicaciones poco habituales de los aneurismas de aorta abdominal. Asimismo, los aneurismas micóticos tienen una baja incidencia. Presentamos aquí un paciente de 80 años, portador de aneurisma micótico de la aorta infrarrenal producido por Salmonella tiphi, complicado con fístula aorto-duodenal y aorto-cava simultáneas, que fue tratado exitosamente con resección del aneurisma, duodenorrafia y by pass axilo-bifemoral

Case report association of congenital coronary fistulae with coronary atherosclerosis

Los autores comunican el caso clínico de un hombre de 70 años con una fístula plexiforme arterial coronaria congénita, entre una rama de la arteria coronaria izquierda y la arteria pulmonar, asociada con obstrucciones ateroscleróticas de las arterias coronarias, ambas lesiones tratadas quirúrgicamente: ligadura de la fístula e injertosaortocoronarios. El paciente estuvo asintomático hasta la edad de 65 años cuando presentó isquemia e infarto miocárdicos, coincidentes con el desarrollo de las obstrucciones aterosclerosas de las arterias coronarias. Los autores discuten la relevancia de la asociación de las anomalías congénitas de las arterias coronarias (fístulas y ectopias) con la eterosclerosis coronaria. La aterosclerosis arterial coronaria afecta a los pacientes con fístula congénita coronarias de manera similar que los individuos normales

Fístula arterio-arterial sistémico-pulmonar: presentación de un caso clínico / Systemic pulmonary arterio-arterial fistula: presentation of a clinical case

Reportamos el caso de una escolar femenina, 9 años, con hallazgo de fístula arterio-arterial sistémico-pulmonar. Como trayecto anómalo comunica la aorta descendente con la rama izquierda de la arteria pulmonar. Se trata de una malformación congénita aislada con una expresión clínica dada por la auscultación de un soplo continuo de acentuación sistólica en el área infraclavicular izquierda. Signos electrocardiográficos de sobrecarga diastólica del ventrículo izquierdo. El Doppler continuo demuestra un flujo turbulento sisto-diastólico en la rama pulmonar; dilatación de cavidades izquierdas con el ecocardiograma-bidimensional. Las radiografias torácicas muestran una sombra de aspecto hídrico paracardíaca izquierda con crecimiento hemicardio izquierdo. La cineangio reveló la emergencia del ramo anómalo, tortuoso y dilatado en sus extremos desde la aorta torácica, sin aspecto aneurismático. Paciente prácticamente asintomática salvo los hallazgos ya mencionados. Como opción terapéutica se plantea la ligadura y sección de la porción medial del trayecto vascular aberrante. Se analizan las diferencias con las fístulas arterio-venosas pulmonares