Fístula biliopleurobronquial: reporte de un caso / Bronchobiliary fistula: Report of a case

La fístula biliopleurobronquial (FBB) es una comunicación anormal entre la vía biliar y el árbol bronquial. Es una condición infrecuente, generalmente secundaria a un proceso infeccioso local o a un evento traumático. La bilioptisis es patognomónica. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 37 años con historia de cirrosis biliar secundaria, en lista para trasplante hepático, con múltiples episodios de colangitis previos y usuaria de derivación biliar externa, quien curso con bilioptisis y mediante gammagrafía HIDA con SPECT se confirmó fistula biliopleurobronquial. Éste caso se resolvió con derivación percutánea de la vía biliar

Bronchobiliary fistula (BBF) is an abnormal communication between the biliary tract and the bronchial tree. Is an infrequent condition, usually secondary to a local infectious process or a traumatic event. Bilioptisis is pathognomonic. We present the case of a 37 year old woman with secondary biliary cirrhosis, in list for liver transplantation, with several episodes of cholangitis and carrier of external biliary diverivation, who presented bilioptisis and HIDA scintigraphy with SPECT confirmed BBF. This case was resolved with percutaneous derivation of the biliary tract

Diagnóstico e tratamento da fístula bronquiobiliar / Review article management of bronchobiliary fistula

Fístula bronquiobiliar (FBB) é uma afecção rara, de alta morbidade e mortalidade, decorrente da comunicação anormal entre a árvore brônquica e a via biliar, sendo a bilioptise um sinal clínico patognomônico. Normalmente está associada a doenças hepatobiliares, mas principalmente ao trauma e complicações de cirurgias hepatobiliares. Devido à gravidade e à complexidade, associadas à baixa incidência, seu manejo é desafiador, não havendo um consenso na literatura. Este trabalho identifica os métodos diagnósticos e terapêuticos mais utilizados, e propõe um fluxograma do manejo da FBB com intuito de auxiliar a conduta de novos casos.

Bronchobiliary fistula is a rare clinical finding, with a high morbidity and mortality rate, characterized by abnormal communication between the biliary tract and the bronchial tree, having bilioptysis as a pathognomonic sign. It is usually associated to hepatobiliary diseases, but mostly related to trauma and as a complication of hepatobiliary surgery. Due to the low incidence, complexity and gravity, its management is a challenge, and little consensus on its diagnosis and treatment exists. We identified the most used diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and propose a flowchart that could assist in the management of news cases.

Fístula nefrobronquial en paciente pediátrico: caso clínico / Nephrobronchial fistula in pediatric patient. Case report

La fístula nefrobronquial es una complicación infrecuente de las infecciones renales, que ocurre habitualmente en pacientes adultos con pielonefritis xantogranulomatosa. Comunicamos el caso de una paciente de 12 años con antecedentes de mielomeningocele operado e infección urinaria recurrente, quien consultó con historia de cuatro semanas de fiebre, tos y disnea. Ingresó en shock séptico y presentó inundación de la vía aérea por pus, que le ocasionó episodio de asistolia. Mediante tomografía computarizada de abdomen, se diagnosticó extensa colección perirrenal izquierda. Se efectuó un drenaje percutáneo, que dio salida a pus y aire. TAC de tórax y abdomen mostró fístula transdiafragmática entre la base pulmonar izquierda y colección intraabdominal. Se realizó nefrectomía total. La paciente mostró mejoría progresiva poscirugía y regresión total de la sintomatología. Este infrecuente caso clínico en niños ilustra la importancia del diagnóstico precoz de infección urinaria en pacientes con patologías asociadas y de presentar un elevado índice de sospecha ante una complicación potencialmente letal

Nephrobronchial fistula is a rare complication of kidney infections, usually occurring in adult patients with xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis and very occasionally in children. We reported a 12-year-old girl, with a history of myelomeningocele and recurrent urinary tract infection, who presented with a four-week fever, cough and dyspnea, developing septic shock and presenting flood of airway by pus which caused cardiac arrest. A diagnosis of left perirenal extensive collection was established by abdominal computed tomography (CT). The patient first had antibiotic therapy and percutaneous drainage was performed draining pus and air. Thoracic and abdominal CT scan was performed corroborating transdiaphragmatic fistula. Total nephrectomy was performed. The patient showed gradual improvement after surgery and total regression of symptoms. Pathologic examination concluded chronic pyelonephritis. This case report illustrates a rare complication in children, the importance of early diagnosis of urinary tract infection in patients with comorbidities and of exhibiting a high index of suspicion to a potentially lethal complication.

Anomalías congénitas del aparato branquial: estudio de imágenes / Congenital anomalies of the branchial apparatus: imaging study

: The branchial apparatus consists of six arches that are separated from each other by branchial clefts and pharyngeal pouches. Its development is complex and multiple congenital defects can occur; including branchial cleft cysts, sinuses and fistulas, thymic cysts, aberrant thymic tissue and parathyroid cysts. The majority arises from the second branchial arch and they correspond to vestigial remnants from incomplete obliteration of the branchial apparatus or buried epithelial cell rests. Imaging studies are very helpful in the diagnosis and characterization of these anomalies, and require a good understanding of the embryogenesis. Considering the anatomical location and the radiological appearance the diagnosis could be precised in most cases. The purpose of this presentation is to show the appearance of some of the most frequent congenital anomalies of the branchial apparatus using different imaging modalities and emphasizing the normal embryologic development.

El aparato branquial, formado por seis arcos separados por hendiduras extemas y bolsas faríngeas en su parte interna, tiene un complejo desarrollo del cual pueden derivar anomalías como senos, fístulas o quistes y alteraciones del timo o glándula paratiroi-des. La mayoría de las malformaciones derivan del segundo componente branquial. Los estudios de imagen son útiles para el diagnóstico y caracterización de estas lesiones que será más exacta con un adecuado conocimiento del desarrollo embriológico. El objetivo de esta presentación es revisar la embriología y el aspecto más común en imágenes de algunas de estas anomalías.