Epizootic process of equine infectious diseases in the Altai Krai / [Processo epizoótico de doenças infecciosas equinas no Krai de Altai]

The urgency of the studied problem is due to the need for epizootic monitoring of equine infectious diseases in the Altai Krai and the lack of basic information on the relative and absolute parameters of changes in the epizootic process, scientific, methodological and practical aspects of the assessment of potential risks. The purpose of the article is to study the epizootic process for each nosological form of equine infectious diseases in the Altai Krai based on statistical information over the period from 1964 to 2017. Epizootic method is a leading method of the study of this problem, which allows the identification and discussion of the association of equine infectious diseases with natural and geographical conditions in the Altai Krai. The article presents data on intensive parameters of the epizootic process of equine infectious diseases and their changes with a description of periodic changes in the Altai Krai. The materials of the article provide veterinary and biology specialists with information on the epizootics of various nosological forms of equine infectious diseases in the Altai Krai.(AU)

A urgência do problema estudado é devida à necessidade de monitoramento epizoótico de doenças infecciosas equinas no Krai de Altai, e a falta de informação básica sobre os parâmetros relativos e absolutos de mudanças no processo epizoótico, e aspectos científicos, metodológicos e práticos da avaliação de potenciais riscos. O propósito do artigo é estudar o processo epizoótico para cada forma nosológica de doenças infecciosas equinas no Krai de Altai, baseado em informação estatística no período de 1964 a 2017. O método epizoótico é o principal método de estudo deste problema, que permite a identificação e discussão da associação entre doenças infecciosas equinas e condições naturais e geográficas do Krai de Altai. Este artigo apresenta dados dos parâmetros intensivos do processo epizoótico de doenças infecciosas bovinas e suas mudanças com uma descrição de mudanças periódicas no Krai de Altai. Os materiais do artigo fornecem informações para especialistas na veterinária e biologia com relação aos epizoóticos de diversas formas nosológicas de doenças infecciosas equinas no Krai de Altai.(AU)

Covid-19 growth rate analysis: application of a low-complexity tool for understanding and comparing epidemic curves

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The acceleration of new cases is important for the characterization and comparison of epidemic curves. The objective of this study was to quantify the acceleration of daily confirmed cases and death curves using the polynomial interpolation method. METHODS: Covid-19 epidemic curves from Brazil, Germany, the United States, and Russia were obtained. We calculated the instantaneous acceleration of the curve using the first derivative of the representative polynomial. RESULTS: The acceleration for all curves was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Incorporating acceleration into an analysis of the Covid-19 time series may enable a better understanding of the epidemiological situation.

The Substantiation of the Pre-Polymerization Heating Efficiency of the Dental Nanocomposite Material

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effect of pre-polymerization heating of nanocomposite filling materials on their strength properties within one manufacture group. Material and Methods: Two nanocomposite filling materials Enamel Plus HRi Universal Dentin® and Universal Enamel® were used. The linear thermal expansion coefficient (LTEC), Young's modulus and penetration depth were determined during the tests. Changes in the structure of materials were evaluated using electron scanning microscopy. Results: Dentin nanocomposite samples after pre-heating and polymerization have higher LTEC after 30°C compared to dentine nanocomposite untreated samples with statistically significance started at 62°C (p<0.05) and higher temperature. Pre-polymerization heated samples had a statistically higher LTEC (p<0.05) at 57°С. It was revealed that Young's modulus of the dentin nanocomposite samples after thermal processing at 55°C was higher in total after the first heating cycle by 15% compared to the untreated dentin nanocomposite samples (p<0.05). The volume of total porosity after pre-heating decreased to 5-7% (p<0.05). Conclusion: The material that has undergone preliminary heat processing is significantly less deformed under load than the material that does not have thermal processing during the research was established and also has a denser structure.

Lifetime Prevalence of Transient Loss of Consciousness in an Urban Russian Population / Prevalência de Perda de Consciência Temporária em População Russa Urbana

Abstract Background: Most international studies on epidemiology of transient loss of consciousness (TLC) were performed many years ago. There are no data about the lifetime prevalence of TLC in Russia. Objective: To identify the lifetime prevalence and presumed mechanisms of TLC in an urban Russian population. Methods: 1796 individuals (540 males [30.1%] and 1256 females [69.9%]) aged 20 to 69 years (mean age 45.8 ± 11.9 years) were randomly selected and interviewed within the framework of multicentre randomised observational trial. Results: The overall prevalence of TLC in the studied population was 23.3% (418/1796), with the highest proportion (28%) seen in 40-49 year age group. TLC was significantly more common in women than in men (27.5% vs 13.5%). The mean age of patients at the time of the first event was 16 (11; 23) years, with 333 (85%) individuals experiencing the first episode of TLC under 30 years. The average time after the first episode of TLC was 27 (12; 47) years. The following mechanisms of TLC were determined using the questionnaire: neurally-mediated syncope (56.5%), arrhythmogenic onset of syncope (6.0%), nonsyncopal origin of TLC (1.4%), single episode during lifetime (2.1%). Reasons for TLC remained unidentified in 34% cases. 27 persons (6.5%) reported a family history of sudden death, mainly patients with presumably arrhythmogenic origin (24%). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the overall prevalence of TLC in individuals aged 20-69 years is high. The most common cause of TLC is neurally-mediated syncope. These data about the epidemiology can help to develop cost-effective management approaches to TLC.

Resumo Fundamento: A maioria dos estudos internacionais sobre epidemiologia da perda de consciência temporária (PCT) foi realizada há muitos anos. Não há dados sobre sua prevalência ao longo da vida na Rússia. Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência ao longo da vida e os supostos mecanismos da PCT em uma população russa urbana. Métodos: 1.796 indivíduos (540 homens 30,1% e 1.256 mulheres 69,9%) com idade entre 20 e 69 anos (idade média, 45,8 ± 11,9 anos) foram selecionados aleatoriamente e entrevistados no contexto de um estudo multicêntrico randomizado observacional. Resultados: A prevalência global de PCT na população estudada foi 23,3% (418/1.796), sendo a mais alta proporção (28%) observada na faixa etária de 40-49 anos. PCT foi significativamente mais comum nas mulheres (27,5% vs 13,5%). A idade média dos pacientes por ocasião do primeiro evento foi 16 (11; 23) anos, com 333 (85%) indivíduos experienciando o primeiro episódio de PCT antes dos 30 anos. O tempo médio após o primeiro episódio de PCT foi 27 (12; 47) anos. Os seguintes mecanismos de PCT foram determinados usando-se um questionário: síncope neuromediada (56,5%), síncope de origem arritmogênica (6,0%), PCT de origem não sincopal (1,4%), episódio único durante a vida (2,1%). A causa de PCT não foi identificada em 34% dos casos, sendo que 27 pacientes (6,5%) relataram história familiar de morte súbita, principalmente aqueles com PCT de suposta origem arritmogênica (24%). Conclusão: Nossos achados sugerem uma alta prevalência global de PCT em indivíduos com idade entre 20 e 69 anos. A causa mais comum de PCT é a síncope neuromediada. Esse dado sobre a epidemiologia pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de abordagem custo-efetiva para PCT.

Mycobacterial endocarditis: a comprehensive review / Endocardite micobacteriana: uma revisão abrangente

Objective: A systematic analysis was made in view of the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and main outcomes of mycobacterial endocarditis. Methods: The data source of the present study was based on a comprehensive literature search in MEDLINE, Highwire Press and Google search engine for publications on mycobacterial endocarditis published between 2000 and 2013. Results: The rapidly growing mycobacteria become the predominant pathogens with Mycobacterium chelonae being the most common. This condition has changed significantly in terms of epidemiology since the 21st century, with more broad patient age range, longer latency, prevailed mitral valve infections and better prognosis. Conclusion: Mycobacterial endocarditis is rare and the causative pathogens are predominantly the rapidly growing mycobacteria. Amikacin, ciprofloxacin and clarithromycin are the most frequently used targeted antimicrobial agents but often show poor responses. Patients with deep infections may warrant a surgical operation or line withdrawal. With periodic multidrug therapy guided by drug susceptibility testing, and surgical managements, patients may achieve good therapeutic results. .

Objetivo: Uma análise sistemática foi feita considerando epidemiologia, quadro clínico, diagnóstico, tratamento e principais resultados da endocardite micobacteriana. Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica abrangente no MEDLINE, Highwire Press e no Google para publicações sobre endocardite micobacteriana, publicados entre 2000 e 2013. Resultados: As micobactérias de crescimento rápido tornam-se os patógenos predominantes, com Mycobacterium chelonae sendo a mais comum. Essa condição se alterou significativamente em termos de epidemiologia, desde o início do século 21, abrangendo faixa etária mais ampla, maior latência, prevalecendo infecções da valva mitral e melhor prognóstico. Conclusão: Endocardite micobacteriana é rara e os patógenos causadores são predominantemente as micobactérias de crescimento rápido. Amicacina, ciprofloxacina e claritromicina são os agentes antimicrobianos mais frequentemente utilizados, mas muitas vezes apresentam respostas pobres. Pacientes com infecções profundas podem justificar um procedimento cirúrgico ou retirada de linha. Com a poliquimioterapia periódica guiada por testes de sensibilidade às drogas, e abordagens cirúrgicas, os pacientes podem obter bons resultados terapêuticos. .

Lymnaea truncatula Muller, 1774 (Pulmonata: Lymnaeidae) infected with Fasciola hepatica (Linnaeus, 1758) (Trematoda: Digenea), in Moscow districts, Russian Federation

Estudou-se a abundância sazonal e taxas de infecção naturais por Fasciola hepatica em Lymnaea truncatula em áreas rurais endêmicas da região de Moscou. As coletas de campo foram realizadas mensalmente entre maio e outubro de 2002 em duas fazendas de gado do distrito de Naro-Fominsk e duas do distrito de Dmitrov. A abundância de caramujos foi máxima em maio (189 caracóis na primavera) e mínima em julho, (5 caracóis no verão), provavelmente devido às condições apropriadas dos biótopos ao desenvolvimento do molusco durante a primavera. A prevalência dos caramujos infectados durante o período estudado foi de 14,3por cento, sendo mais alta (12,5por cento) e mais baixa (0,53por cento) em setembro e maio, respectivamente.

A unique seroepidemiological pattern of HBV, HCV and HTLV-I in Nenets and Komi in northwestern Russia.

An epidemiological study of hepatitis viruses type B (HBV) and type C (HCV) and human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) was carried out among 105 residents (male:female=19:86) regarded as Nenets partly mixed with Komi, in the region of Krasnoe, the Nenets Autonomous District of the Arkhangelsk Region, in northwestern Russia in 2004. Blood was drawn from apparently healthy volunteers at ages of 41.6+/-16.5 (range 14-85) years. HBsAg, HBsAb, HBcAb, HBeAb and HCV Ab were measured by microparticle enzyme-immunoassay, and HTLV-I Ab was measured by particle agglutination. Prevalences of HBsAg(+), HBsAb(+), HBcAb(+) and HBeAb(+) were 0.0%, 29.5.%, 20.0% and 7.6%, respectively. The overall HBV infection rate (positive HBsAb or HBcAb) was 34.3%, while no positive HCV or HTLV-I Abs could be detected. A serological subgroup with positive HBsAb and negative HBcAb, consisting of 15(14.3%) females, contrasted sharply to other serological subgroups in sex, age, parent's ethnicity, positive HBeAb rate, and HBcAb inhibition%. We conclude that HBV is prevalent with unique serological patterns among the Nenets, while HCV and HTLV-I infections are negligible.

Ethnic and age variation of cancer of the reproductive system in women of Kyrgyzstan.

The purpose of this research was to assess the ethnic and age variation in the incidence rates of cancer of the female reproductive system (cancers of the breast, cervix uteri, corpus uteri and ovaries) in Kyrgyzstan. A retrospective approach was adopted covering the period from 1995 to 2002 with descriptive and analytical methods to estimated incidence rates in women of Russian and Kyrgyz nationalities. Values were found to be higher in Russian women but decreasing over time, while increase was observed for the Kyrgyz. Breast cancers were most common in Russian women and in their Kyrgyz counterparts cancer of the cervix uteri predominated. The data reveal age and ethnic variation in cancer localization.