Study of the Pulse Waveform and the Design of the Portable, Non-invasive, Electromagnetic Stimulation for Enhancement of Fracture Healing

Since the concept of bioelectrical potentials in the bone was developed, various electrical systems have been utilized to heal non-united fractures. The asymmetrical and time varied pulsed electromagnetic stimulator was designed and utilized to treat eight fractures of the lower extremity and one congenital pseudoarthrosis of the tibia. Nonunited fractures, neglected old fractures, and a case of congenital pseudoarthrosis responded favorably to our designed pulse waveform. On the other hand, fresh fractures responded equivocally. A new1y designed electromagnetic stimulator which can deliver vascular and calcification pulses, will be developed on an industrial basis to provide various clinical and experimental applications.