Laboratory evidence for the hematopoietic potential of Beta vulgaris leaf and stalk extract in a phenylhydrazine model of anemia

This study was designed to provide laboratory evidence supporting the hematopoietic effect of Beta vulgaris (beet) leaf aqueous extract in phenylhydrazine-induced anemia model in albino rats. Extraction of the leaves/stalks was done by maceration in 30% hydro-ethanol for 48 h. An intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/kg phenylhydrazine was applied for two consecutive days to develop hemolytic anemia on the 4th day after the 1st injection in 24 of 30 male albino rats. The animals were divided into 5 groups and received the following treatments: standard (ferrous ascorbate + folic acid; 13.5 + 0.135 mg/kg), B. vulgaris extract (100 and 200 mg/kg), or left untreated (normal and diseased controls). Blood samples were taken at 0, 4, 8, and 12 days of the experiment for hematological and clinico-chemical analysis. Beet leaf extract significantly restored the levels of red blood cells, white blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit in dose- and time-dependent manners. Blood indices have been significantly corrected. Erythropoietin level was maintained at higher levels. Erythrocytic membrane oxidation biomarker (malondialdehyde) level was significantly reduced compared to the anemic untreated group. The extract exhibited potent, concentration (4-512 μg/mL)-dependent antioxidant activity indicated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, with IC50 value of 37.91 μg/mL. Beet leaf extract resulted in detection of flavonoid and phenolic compounds that may underlie its hematinic properties. These findings may indicate B. vulgaris as a good natural source for pharmaceutical preparations with hematopoietic effects and treatment of anemia and/or associated conditions.

A Case of Balsalazide-Induced Limited Form of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis with Bronchiolitis Obliterans Organizing Pneumonia-like Variant in Ulcerative Colitis / 결핵및호흡기질환

5-Aminosalicylate agents are the main therapeutic agents for ulcerative colitis. Balsalazide is a prodrug of 5-aminosalicylate and has fewer side effects than the other 5-aminosalicylate agents. Pulmonary complications resembling granulomatosis with polyangiitis in ulcerative colitis are extremely rare. Here, we report a patient with ulcerative colitis on balsalazide presenting respiratory symptoms and multiple pulmonary nodules from a chest radiography that was pathologically diagnosed with a limited form of granulomatosis with polyangiitis with bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia-like variant. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a balsalazide-induced limited form of granulomatosis with polyangiitis with bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia-like variant.

[Contribution study on the activity of Ecballium elaterium L., family cucurbitaceae in the treatment of heamolytic jaundice on rats]

Aim of The Study: Evaluation of the activity of the expression of Ecballium elaterium fruit on the harm of pre hepatic cell level in heamolytic jaundice induced by phenylhydrazine. This activity was studied on five groups of Wister rats as following:1-normal group, 2-The group which given phenylhydrazine, subcutaneous, 3-The group which given Ecballium elaterium fruit juice intra nasal after the injury inducing, 4-The group which given a single dose of Ecballium elaterium fruit juice intravenous, 5-The group which given a single dose of reference drug phenobarbital Intra peritoneal

Results: The results of total direct and indirect bilirubin measurement showed a distinct in the sickness group comparing with normal group. The treated group by fruit juice showed significant improvement by inducing it intra venous and intra nasal ways, but the values of total; direct and indirect bilirubin in treated group by intra venous was closer to the normal values

Conclusion: This study showed that Ecballium elaterium fruit juice has activity in the treatment of heamolytic jaundice, by reducing the total; direct and indirect bilirubin values in intra venous and intra nasal, and the activity was more significant after inducing intra venous way

Studies on influence of Siwu decoction and its composite drugs on chemical-induced blood-deficiency model mice / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate Siwu decoction and its composite drugs on the blood-deficiency model mice induced by acetylphenyhydrazine and cyclophosphamide.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Acetylphenyhydrazine and cyclophosphamide were used to copy the blood-deficiency model mice. Automatic hematology analyzer was used to test the peripheral hemogram. Weighting method was used to test the liver index and spleen index; Kits for ATPase test was used to test the activities of Na+ - K+ - ATPase/Ca2+ - Mg2+ - ATPase in erythrocyte membrane. Flow cytometry was used to test the bone marrow cells' cell cycle.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Angelicar Sinensis Radix and Paeoniae Radix Alba had the most effective activity on the peripheral hemogram. Paeoniae Radix Alba, the drug pair including Angelicar Sinensis Radix and the drug- group including Paeoniae Radix Alba had the most effective activity on the liver index. All the drugs, drug-pairs, drug-groups and the formula had effect on the spleen index. To the activity of Na+ - K+ - ATPase in erythrocyte membrane, Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, the drug-pairs and drug-groups including Angelicar Sinensis Radix exhibited the most effective activity. All the drugs, drug-pairs, drug-groups and the formula had the protective effect on the damaged bone marrow cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Siwu decoction and its composite drugs all had effect on the blood-deficiency model mice, but the action intensity was different. Angelicar Sinensis Radix and Paeoniae Radix Alba exhibited the most effective activity to the protection of the blood-deficiency model mice.</p>

Enriching blood effect comparison in three kinds of blood deficiency model after oral administration of drug pair of Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Chuanxiong Rhizoma and each single herb / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Through establishing different blood deficiency animal model, to evaluate enriching blood effect changes of the drug pair of Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Chuanxiong Rhizoma and each single herb, and to explore the effect characteristics of their compatibility.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Three different methods of acetyl phenylhydrazine (APH) hemolytic method, cyclophosphamide (CTX) chemical damage method, APH-CTX complex method were used respectively to copy different blood deficiency model mice. Changes of orbit blood routine, thymus index, spleen index and ATPase activity of red cell membrane of model mice were tested.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with normal group, all indexes had significant differences in three model mice. The drug pair and each single herb had significant impact on most indexes of the APH-CTX complex model mice, and on the individual indexes of APH hemolytic model mice and CTX chemical damage model mice. Therefore, APH and CTX complex blood deficiency model was more suitable for the enriching blood mechanism study of the drug pair of Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Chuanxiong Rhizoma. Compared with the single herb of Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Chuanxiong Rhizoma, the drug pair of them had presented enriching blood effect at different extent with strengthening trend in regulating the invigorating blood indexes, immune organs and energy metabolic enzymes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results of this research have provided scientific basis for revealing the mutual promotive composition law of the drug pair of Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Chuanxiong Rhizoma, and responded effectively the mult-link and mult-target effect characteristics of Chinese medicine bio-effect, to offer reference for the bio-effect research of the complicated substance group of Chinese medicine and traditional Chinese medicine formulae, and to supply demonstrative reference for researching the formulae compatibility law which takes the single drug-drug pair-formulae as main line.</p>

A Case of Candida Parapsilosis Infectious Arthritis in a Patient with Enteropathic Arthritis and Ulcerative Colitis / 대한내과학회지

Infectious arthritis is an important medical emergency with high morbidity. The most frequent causative organism of infectious arthritis is Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida is an uncommon pathogen. Candida arthritis has been reported to occur in seriously ill or immunocompromised patients and neonates. We report the first case of C. parapsilosis arthritis in a patient with ulcerative colitis. A 52-year-old woman was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis 1 year previously and took balsalazide. Pain and swelling in the right knee joint developed 6 months after diagnosis. She was diagnosed with enteropathic arthritis associated with ulcerative colitis and took methotrexate, sulfasalazine, and prednisolone for 3 months, but the symptoms did not improve. We finally diagnosed her with infectious C. parapsilosis arthritis by culturing the synovial fluid. The patient received amphotericin B for 6 weeks and underwent arthroscopic synovectomy. She finally experienced improvement of inflammation in the right knee joint.

Effect and its mechanism of Coptis chinensis on oxidative hemolysis of erythrocytes in mice induced by acetylphenylhydrazine / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Coptis chinensis on oxidative hemolysis of erythrocytes in mice.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Acetylphenyhydrazine (APH)-induced oxidative hemolysis of erythrocytes in mice were used. The contents of free hemoglobin of blood plasma, indirect bilirubin of serum, reticulocytes of blood, and malondialdehyde (MDA) of erythrocytes were measured. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione hormone (GSH), and glucose-6-phosp hate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) of erythrocytes were also determined and the total-antioxygen capability (T-AOC) of blood was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The levels or amount of free hemoglobin of blood plasma, indirect bilirubin of serum, reticulocytes of blood and MDA of erythrocytes were higher in APH (0.03 g x kg(-1))-induced mice than normal mice. The activity or content of SOD, GSH and G-6-PD was lower in APH-induced mice than in normal mice. Primaquine (0.058 g x kg(-1)) could aggravated the degree of elevated hemolysis of erythrocytes in APH-induced mice. C. chinensis (0.6 g x kg(-1) could deprssed significantly the elevated levels of indirect bilirubin in serum. The levels of free hemoglobin of blood plasma, indirect bilirubin of serum, reticulocytes of blood, the production of SOD and GSH and T-AOC were also decressed by C. chinensis (0.6 g x kg(-1)).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>C. chinensis suppressed t he degree of hemolysis of erythrocytes in APH-induced mice due to the suppression of the production of lipid peroxidation and increasing of the activity of antioxidase of erythrocytes.</p>

Reaction mechanism of azoreductases suggests convergent evolution with quinone oxidoreductases

Azoreductases are involved in the bioremediation by bacteria of azo dyes found in waste water. In the gut flora, they activate azo pro-drugs, which are used for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, releasing the active component 5-aminosalycilic acid. The bacterium P. aeruginosa has three azoreductase genes, paAzoR1, paAzoR2 and paAzoR3, which as recombinant enzymes have been shown to have different substrate specificities. The mechanism of azoreduction relies upon tautomerisation of the substrate to the hydrazone form. We report here the characterization of the P. aeruginosa azoreductase enzymes, including determining their thermostability, cofactor preference and kinetic constants against a range of their favoured substrates. The expression levels of these enzymes during growth of P. aeruginosa are altered by the presence of azo substrates. It is shown that enzymes that were originally described as azoreductases, are likely to act as NADH quinone oxidoreductases. The low sequence identities observed among NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase and azoreductase enzymes suggests convergent evolution.

Changes of lipid peroxide levels and prooxidative activity stimulating the protein carbonyl formation in the amniotic fluid of women with preterm premature rupture of membranes / 대한산부인과학회지

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the lipid peroxide levels and protein carbonyls levels in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). METHODS: The lipid peroxide levels in the amniotic fluid of normal pregnancy (n=20) and pregnant women with PPROM (n=20) were measured by thiobarbituric acid reaction. The protein carbonyl contents in the amniotic fluid of normal pregnancy (n=20) and pregnant women with PPROM (n=20) were determined by the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method. After amniotic fluid of them were mixed and incubated up to 5 hours with 0.2 mL of 1mM moxalactam, cefodizime, amoxacillin, erythromycin, the lipid peroxide levels and protein carbonyl contents in them were measured. RESULTS: 1. The lipid peroxide levels in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women with PPROM was significantly higher than that of normal pregnancy (9.74+/-0.48 vs. 7.20+/-0.38 nmol/mg protein, P<0.01). 2. The protein carbonyl levels in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women with PPROM was significantly higher than that of normal pregnancy (13.0+/-0.33 vs. 11.27+/-0.17 nmol/mg protein P<0.01). 3. The lipid peroxide levels and protein carbonyls formation by moxalactam in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women with PPROM was significantly higher than basal level (12.08+/-0.81 vs. 9.74+/-0.48 nmol/mg protein, 20.08+/-0.66 vs. 13.0+/-0.33 nmol/mg protein, P<0.01). 4. The lipid peroxide levels and protein carbonyls formation by cefodizime in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women with PPROM was significantly lower than basal level (5.04+/-0.33 vs. 9.74+/-0.48 nmol/mg protein, 9.76+/-0.35 vs. 13.0+/-0.33 nmol/mg protein, P<0.01). 5. There were no significant differences in the levels of lipid peroxide and protein carbonyls by amoxacillin and erythromycin in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women with PPROM between antibiotics-induced and basal levels. CONCLUSION: The lipid peroxidation and the protein carbonyls formation were increased in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women with PPROM. Antibiotics-induced lipid peroxide and protein carbonyl levels were changed in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women with PPROM. Further studies on our results may be beneficial in the selection of antibiotics for pregnant women with PPROM.

Effect of balsalazide on intestinal mucosal permeability of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of balsalazide on intestinal mucosal permeability of experimental colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) in a mouse model and its possible mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-five C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into five groups. Normal group was only fed with distilled water, DSS group and Balsalazide groups at doses of 42,141,423 mg/kg were fed with 5% DSS. Balsalazide was given by intragastric administration. DAI was evaluated daily. At the end of the experiment, colon tissue was collected for assessment of histological changes, MDA content, MPO, SOD and GSH-PX activity. Small intestinal mucosa was collected for assessment of transmission electron microscope(TEM), and detection of permeability by Evans blue.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with normal group, DSS group mice all manifested severe weight loss associated with hematochezia and diarrhea with significant increase of DAI and HI score(P<0.01). MDA content and MPO activity was increased with the reverse result of SOD and GSH-PX(P<0.01) in DSS group. Intestinal mucosa showed a focal reduction in thinning of microvillous carpet and even a total disarrangement of epithelial surface, with decurtated and broaden junctional complex and enlarged intercellular space under TEM observations in DSS group. The amount of Evans blue permeated into intestinal wall was obvious in DSS group. Compared with DSS group, balsalazide improved gross findings, decreased MPO activity and MDA content, but increased the activity of SOD and GSH-PX(P<0.05). The amount of Evans blue permeated into intestinal wall was less(P<0.05). Ileal microvillous carpet was ameliorated in dose-dependent manner by balsalazide.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Intestinal mucosal permeability is increased in DSS group. Balsalazide can significantly ameliorate intestinal mucosal permeability in colitis model.</p>

Purification of a peroxidase from Solanum melongena fruit juice.

Solanum melongena fruit juice contains peroxidase activity of the order of 0.125 IU/mL. A method for the 11-fold purification of the enzyme was developed. The Km values of the peroxidase for the substrates guaiacol and hydrogen peroxide were 6.5 mM and 0.33 mM, respectively. The pH and temperature optima were 5.5 and 84 degrees C, respectively using guaiacol as the substrate. Sodium azide and phenyl hydrazine inhibited the enzyme competitively.

Transition metal complexes derived from ethylacetoacetate- N-anilino hydrazone

The hydrazone of beta-diketone and their complexes are used as antituberculous agents [1], furthermore some hydrazones are used as analytical reagents[2, 3]. Co[II] and Cu[II] complexes with benzoyl and salicyloyl hydrazones derived from beta diketones have been prepared and characterized[4]. Mixed -ligand complexes based on beta-diketones of rare earth elements as well as diazo coupling[5] of Cr[III], Ni[II], Pd[II] and Cu[II] chelates of benzoylacetone and dibenzoyl methane[6-9] with phenylhydrazoniurn chloride were studied. Transition metal complexes of beta-diketone hydrazone ligands have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, UV/Vis and IR spectroscopy, conductance determinations in DMF and magnetic susceptibility measurements [10]. beta-diketone phenylhydrazones of substituted 3-aryldiene-2, 4-pentanediones with phenylhydrazine have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, magnetic susceptibility and thermogravimetry[11]. In this paper the synthesis and characterization of transition metal complexes of ethylacetoacetate-N-anilinohydrazone derived from metal acetate in [1:1] [M:L] ratio were studied

On the biophysics characteristics of reticulocytes / 生物医学工程学杂志

This paper reports an in vivo study on the biophysics characteristics of reticulocytes. Anemia was induced by injection of phenylhydrazine in rabbits. The measurements, including electrophoresis rate, hematolytic rate, fluorescent polarization and the changing anisotropic value, were performed in vivo for 72 hours in the process of reticulocytes growing into erythrocytes. It was shown that there were obvious changes in the biophysics characteristics of reticulocytes in this course. Therefore, the findings are of significance to basic, theoretical and clinical studies.

Antianaemic properties of ayurvedic drugs, raktavardhak, punarnavasav and navayas louh in albino rats during phenylhydrazine induced haemolytic anaemia.

Single injection of phenylhydrazine[PH] reduced the number of RBC and haemoglobin content; decreased myeloid; erythroid cell ratio in bone marrow and increased Cathepsin D activity in spleen of rats. Ayurvedic drugs raktavardhak, punarnavasav and navayas louh recovered the number of RBC and haemoglobin content and raised myeloid: erythroid cell ratio and normalised cathepsin D activities by counteracting the action phenyl hydrazine. The results confirm the claims of ayurveda that these drugs possess the potency to cure anaemia through protection of RBCs from haemolysis and simultaneously lowering cathepsin D activities from the spleen.

Inadequate treatment of excessive erythrocytosis / Tratamiento inadecuado en la eritrocitosis excesiva

Los pacientes con el mal de montaña crónico o eritrocitosis excesiva (EE) son residentes de la altura (3600 m), con mayor o igual 6.5 x 10 a la sexta glóbulos rojos (GR) que presentan cianosis.Esto ocasiona problemas estéticos y psicológicos en su vida ya que las demás personas creen que son alcohólicos. Cuando hay aumento de los GR, ellos buscan una cura milagrosa. De acuerdo a los conceptos evolutivos de la EE, los tratamientos han incluído; sanguijuelas, radioterapia de la médula ósea mediante administración de substancias radiactivas como el fósforo, y más recientemente, flebotomías, infusiuones de té, tabletas de ajo y la más peligrosa la administración de la fenilhidrazina, agente citotóxico prohibido. Encontramos que la mayoría de los pacientes con EE tienen placas radiográficas de tórax anormales. El concepto de los tratamientos es el de disminuir los GR. Sin embargo, la fenilhidrazina es tóxica para la médula ósea, el hígado y otros tejidos, cambiando el color de la piel de cianótica a icterica. Las conjuntivas se tornan ictéricas y la harina de café oscura. Una vez iniciado el tratamiento, la sangre de los pacientes es analizada periódicamente y el recuento de GR disminuyue, con lo que quedan satisfechos. Sin embargo, este medicamento tóxico puede producir la muerte. Al reducir los GR, el contenido arterial de oxígeno (CaO2) en la sangre disminuye. Las pruebas ergométricas en estos pacientes durante el tratamiento producen gran débito de oxígeno. En el paciente descrito, en el 4to nivel del protocolo de Bruce,m el dolor intenso de ambasd pantorrillas se hizo intolerable y requirió oxígeno post ejercicio. Al interrumpirse la fenilhidrazina, el, CaO2 retorna a niveles normales en aproximadamente 60 días, con una elevación de los GR por encima de los valores iniciales, y mejoría de la capacidad de ejercicio. Este y muchos otros casos nos llevan a creer que la EE es un mecanismo de compensación de la enfermedad pulmonar en la altura y que la cantidad de GR no debe ser disminuída.

Antimutagenic activity of plumbagin in Ames Salmonella typhimurium test.

This paper reports the antimutagenic activity of plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone) against certain known chemical mutagens in a standard mutagenicity test system of Ames using S. typhimurium strains. Plumbagin by itself did not show any mutagenic effect, whereas it reduced significantly the mutagenic effect of 4-nitrophenylene diammine, phenyl hydrazine and sodium azide in test strains of S. typhimurium, suggesting that plumbagin possessed antimutagenic activity.

Obtanción de plasma con concentraciones altas de eritropoyetina a partir de ratones irradiados y tratados con fenilhidracina / Ottainment of plasma with high concentrates of erythropoietin from mice irradiated and treatted with phenylhydrazine

Se obtuvo plasma múrido con concentraciones altas de eritropoyetina (Epo) mediante la combinación del efecto aplasiante de la irradiación con el efecto hemolítico de la fenilhidracina (FH). Los ratones se irradiaron (5,5-6,0 Gy) con una fuente de Co-60, a las 24 h se les inyectó FH por via intraperitoneal (60 mg/Kg), y se sacrificaron al noveno dia. Se hizo una mezcla de plasma con las muestras que tenían un hematócrito menor o igual a 0,10. La concentración de Epo determinada por el método de bioensayo con Fe-59 teníendo como patrón el estándar internacional, fue de 28 UI/mL. Este plasma se puede utilizar como fuente del factor estimulador para el crecimiento de colonias eritroides en los cultivos de médula ósea, donde se utiliza como promedio 1-2 UI de Epo por placa cultivo

Estudios sobre el mecanismo bioquímico de acción del flavonoide silyvina: relación con sus propiedades terapéuticas / Studies on the biochemical mechanism of action of the flavonoid silyvin: relationship with its therapeutic properties

Este estudio presenta en forma sucinta los aspectos más relevantes de nuestro trabajo de investigación con el flavonoide silyvina. Su mecanismo de acción como citoprotector se relacionaría con una acción a tres niveles: como antioxidante, evitando la lipoperoxidación celular inducida por xenobióticos; aumentando la concentración intracelular de glutatión, permitiendo mejorar la función protectora y de desintoxicación de este tripéptido, y regulando la permeabilidad de las membranas celulares en forma relativamente específica a la entrada o salida de metabolitos. Se discuten las proyecciones terapéuticas del flavonoide, así como su efecto protector específico en la toxicidad hepática de la fenilhidrazina, el etanol y el acetaminofeno

Enzymatic activation of the carcinogens 2 phenylethylhydrazine and 1,2 dimethylhydrazine to carbon centered radicals

Spin-trapping experiments demonstrate that oxidation of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine and 2-phenylethylgydrazine generates a comparable yield of carbon-centered radicals when catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase-H2O2. Using oxyhemoglobin as the catalyst, 2-phenylethylgydrazine oxidation generates ten times carbon-centered radicals than 1,2-dimethylhidrazine oxidation. This results is in agreement with oxygen consumption studies from which the apparent KM values of 8.0 mM and 72 mM were calculated for the oxyhemoglobin-catalyzed oxidation of 2-phenylethylhydrazine and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, respectively. These differences in metabolic activation of mono- and disubstituted hydrazines may be of importance regarding the carcinogenic properties of these derivatives