HIS-based analysis of comorbid characteristics and combined treatment of Chinese and western medicine in patients with depressive disorder / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the comorbid characteristics and distribution of combined treatment of Chinese and Western medicine in depressive patients.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The descriptive statistic method and association rule were used to analyze the data from 19 general hospitals with 3-A level in China.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Among the depressive disorder, the most frequent co-morbid physical diseases included hypertension (24.67%), coronary heart disease (16.10%) and cerebral infarction (12.89%), and the proportion of comorbid changes with the increasing age, from 6.51% to 12.55%, 16.33% and 12.47% for hypertension; from 2.79% to 5.69%, 10.17% and 14.22% for coronary heart disease; from 3.72%, 6.27%, 7.70% and 12.25% for cerebral infarction. The use frequency of the antidepressants is 77.18%, and the use frequency of flupentixol & melitracen is 20.95%. The use frequency of Huoxue Huayu Tongluo of traditional Chinese medicine is 59.97%, with that of 27.91% for Ginkgo biloba extract The combined use frequency of Huoxue Huayu Tongluo of TCM and the antidepressants is the highest, especially for the combined use of Shuxuening injection and fluoxetine.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The most frequent comorbid diseases of depression include three kinds of diseases, such as hypertension, coronary heart disease and cerebral infarction, and its proportion gradually increased with the growth of age. The single use frequency of flupentixol & melitracen and G. biloba extract is the highest, while the combined use of Shuxuening injection and fluoxetine is the highest.</p>

Comparison of the therapeutic effects of electroacupuncture and probiotics combined with deanxit in treating diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study and compare the therapeutic effects of electroacupuncture and probiotics combine Deanxit in treating diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 64 D-IBS patients accompanied with anxiety and/or depression were randomly assigned to the Western medicine group (Group A) and the electroacupuncture (EA) group (Group B), 30 patients in Group A and 34 patients in Group B. Patients in Group A took Bacillus licheniformis and Deanxit, while those in Group B received EA. Four weeks consisted of one therapeutic course. Three-month follow-up was carried out. The scoring for the digestive tract symptoms, HAMA score, and HAMD score were evaluated before and after treatment. The recurrence in the 3-month follow-up was also observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effect rate was 86.67% in Group A and 88.24% in Group B with no statistical difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). There was statistical difference in the scoring for the digestive tract symptoms, HAMA score, and HAMD score (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference in the improvement of defecation frequency score, HAMA score, HAMD score between the two groups after treatment (P > 0.05). Better effects on improving abdominal pain score and abdominal distention score was obtained in Group B (P < 0.01), while better effects on improving the stool form score and mucus score were obtained in Group A (P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference in the recurrence rate between the two groups within the two-month follow-up (P > 0.05). The recurrence rate within the 3-month follow-up was obviously lower in Group B than in Group A (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>EA and Western medicine (probiotics combined Deanxit) could effectively treat D-IBS patients accompanied with anxiety and/or depression. Both of them had different superiorities in improving symptoms. But EA had better long-term therapeutic effects.</p>

Study on catgut implantation therapy compared with Deanxit for treatment of depression / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the therapeutic effect of catgut implantation and Deanxit for treatment of depression.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety-four cases of depression were randomly divided into a catgut implantation group (50 cases) and a medication group (44 cases). Catgut implantation group was applied with catgut implantation at Hanyan (GB 4), Baihui (GV 20), Shenmen (HT 7), Fenglong (ST 40), Taichong (LR 3), once two weeks, and 4 times in total. Medication group was treated with oral administration of Deanxit, for eight weeks in total. The the-rapeutic effects of both groups were compared with Hamilton Depression-17 Items Scale (HAMD-17) before and after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The scores of HAMD-17 were decreased after treatment in both groups (both P<0.05), and there was no significant difference between two groups after treatment (P>0.05). The total effective rate was 87.8% (43/49) in catgut implantation group and 90.7% (39/43) in medication group, with no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Catgut implantation can effectively improve the symptoms of depression patients, with a similar therapeutic effect with Deanxit, and it has a better clinical compliance without any adverse effects.</p>

Comparative study on abdominal acupuncture and western medicine for treatment of menopause depressive disorder / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the therapeutic effects between abdominal acupuncture and Deanxit for treatment of menopause depressive disorder, and to explore the efficacy and safety of abdominal acupuncture.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty cases were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each. The observation group was treated with abdominal acupuncture at Zhongwan (CV 12), Xiawan (CV 10), Qihai (CV 6) and Guanyuan (CV 4), etc. The control group was treated with oral administration of Deanxit. The patients in both groups were treated for 4 weeks and followed up for another 4 weeks, and they were evaluated by Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) every couple weeks.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total HAMD scores of 2 and 4 weeks treatments and 2 and 4 weeks follow-up were all reduced in both groups (all P < 0.01). The total scores of 2 and 4 weeks follow-up in observation group were lower than those in control group, with significant differences in statistical analysis (both P < 0.05). Compared with the clinical therapeutic effect of both groups after 4 weeks treatment, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05), however, after 4 weeks follow-up, the therapeutic effect in observation group was superior to that in control group, with significant difference in statistical analysis (P < 0.05). The safety indexes before and after treatment of both groups were normal, and the adverse reaction rate in observation group was much lower than that in control group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Abdominal acupuncture is an effective and safe method for menopause depressive disorder, it improves the menopause depressive symptoms with persistent action, less symptoms relapse and adverse reactions.</p>

Síndrome neuroléptico maligno en postoperatorio tardío / Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in postoperative period

La aparición de fiebre en el postoperatorio puede señalar una potencial complicación. A veces ésta sólo puede estar originada por drogas, especialmente neurolépticos, como en este caso. Varón 24 años sometido a gran cirugía tóraco-abdominal, por escopetazo con intento suicida. Con evolución favorable se da de alta quirúrgica a los 14 días con Haldol para evaluacion por siquiatra que lo sustituye por Fluanxol. Comenzando una semana después con fiebre alta, taquicardia, hipotermia, sudoración, calofríos y desorientación. Después de descartar cuadro febril de origen quirúrgico se plantea SNM, suspendiéndose neuroléptico e iniciando tratamiento cediendo fiebre en 24 horas. Comentario: A pesar de lo escaso de su presentación se analiza un caso de fiebre por drogas que siempre se debe tener presente en cirugía

Maintenance ECT in treatment-resistant schizophrenia.

Although electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been used to treat schizophrenia since its inception in 1938, its efficacy as long-term treatment is still controversial. A 2-Phase, prospective study has been conducted in 21 patients with schizophrenia. The duration of study was 1 year. Bilateral ECT combined with flupenthixol (18-24 mg/day) was used throughout. Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), and Mini-Mental-State Exam (MMSE) were used to measure the outcome. No patients suffered relapses. There were marked reductions in BPRS scores (73 per cent and 70 per cent), and increases in GAF scores (68 per cent and 91 per cent), at the end of Phases I and II, respectively. This study suggests a long-term efficacy of ECT combined with neuroleptic therapy in patients with schizophrenia.

Effects of twice- versus thrice-weekly electroconvulsive therapy in schizophrenia.

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been used to treat a variety of psychiatric disorders since 1938. In clinical practice, a schedule of administration varies greatly and definitive guidelines are not available. The disparity of treatment schedules may influence the rate of response and the duration of morbidity and hospital stay, as well as cognitive adverse effects. The authors conducted a retrospective, comparative study of twice-weekly versus thrice-weekly ECT schedules in ECT-responder schizophrenic patients. Forty-three patients received acute treatment with bilateral ECT and flupenthixol (12-24 mg/d). Outcome measures were the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Global Assessment of Functioning, and the Mini-Mental-State Exam. The thrice-weekly ECT patient group (N = 21) had shorter duration of morbidity and more rapid response than the twice-weekly ECT patient group (N = 22). Twice-weekly ECT treatment is as equally effective as thrice-weekly schedule regarding the degree of improvement. There were no significant differences in the degree of improvement and the cognitive impairment at the end of the study.

attitude of the psychiatric patient about depot treatment, compulsion or help?

This study was carried out on 73 patients who were on injection treatment at the time of investigation [depot treatment with neuroleptics], they were asked about their experiences with the treatment and most of them [a little over 60%] seemed to be satisfied. No major differences with respect to the length of the treatment period could be found. A certain difference between the preparations was observed, but this was due to the variable age distribution in the preparation groups. Older patients seemed to have experienced more side effects

Cocaína: bases biológicas da administraçäo, abstinência e tratamento / Cocaine: biological basis of administration, withdrawal and treatment

O aumento do consumo de cocaína nas últimas duas décadas foi acompanhado por uma melhora do conhecimento dos mecanismos biológicos relacionados ao uso, abuso e dependência desta droga. Entender esses mecanismos ajudará o clínico a compreender os comportamentos e sintomas dos usuários, bem como as possibilidades de tratamentos biológicos existentes. Os objetivos desta revisäo säo:1. Avaliar a neurobiologia da cocaína, as alteraçöes que provoca nos usos agudo e crônico, os possíveis mecanismos de dependência e da síndrome de abstinência, além das repercussöes neuroendócrinas do uso crônico. 2. Relacionar a farmacoterapia disponível, avaliando sua eficácia a partir de estudos já realizados e apontar novos estudos em andamento

Decanoato de flupentixol versus otros neurolépticos en esquizofrénicos crónicos / Flupentixol decanoate versus other neuroleptics in chronic schizophrenia

El estudio fue realizado en 80 pacientes ambulatorios del Servicio de Psiquiatría del Hospital Salvador (Santiago, Chile) con diagnóstico de esquizofrenia crónica según los criterios del DSM-IV. 40 pacientes fueron tratados con decanoato de flupentixol (como monoterapia neuroléptica). Los 40 restantes (grupo control) fueron tratados con uno o más de los siguientes neurolépticos: clorpromazina, haloperidol, tioridazina, decanoato de flufenazina. Ambos grupos fueron evaluados en entrevistas psiquiátricas y psicológicas utilizando 7 escalas estandarizadas. El uso de decanoato de flupentixol redujo los síntomas positivos y negativos que caracterizan a la esquizofrenia, corroborado por escalas BPRS y CGI.La adhesión al tratamiento con decanoato de flupentixol fue mejor y los efectos colaterales fueron escasos. El grupo control requirió el uso de uno o más neurolépticos para lograr la estabilización o reducción de los síntomas, con la consecuente presentación de efectos colaterales en un mayor número de casos. Finalmente, los resultados positivos obtenidos con decanoato de flupentixol están relacionados con la intensidad de la sintomatología. La efectividad de la medicación fue interior en los pacientes que desarrollaron crisis psicóticas y/o en los pacientes resistentes al tratamiento neuroléptico

Síntomas positivos y negativos de la esquizofrenia / Positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Desde el siglo pasado se reconoce dos grupos de síntomas que se supone corresponden a dos tipos de procesos mórbidos en la esquizofrenia. El artículo presenta las ideas de los principales investigadores acerca de estos dos aspectos, junto con los hallazgos neuroquímicos y los estudios de imágenes cerebrales que las sustentan.

Neurolépticos: os legítimos e verdadeiros antimanicomiais / Neuroleptic: the real antimanicomial drug

O autor analisa o advento dos neurolépticos e suas conseqüências. Faz ampla revisão do tema abordando a farmacologia destas substâncias, os aspectos clínicos, principais indicações e efeitos colaterais. Conclui mostrando o verdadeiro alcance antimanicomial dos neurolépticos

Gastric responses to flupenthixol, a new thioxanthene derivative in rats.

Flupenthixol, a new thioxanthene derivative, was studied for its effects on gastric secretion and gastric ulcers in rats. The compound diminished the volume of gastric secretion, decreased total acid output and protected the glandular gastric mucosa. The observations may be of clinical significance.