Comparative study of efficacy of formocresol and calcium hydroxide pulpotomy in primary molars

Comparative study of formocresol and calcium hydroxide pulpotomy procedure has a particular importance in this part of the subcontinent where low socioeconomic status is debilitating and does not allow many persons to undergo an expensive therapy like Mineral Trioxide Aggregate therapy, laser therapy and electro cauterization modality of pulpotomy. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of two different vital pulp therapy techniques both clinically and radiographically in cariously exposed primary molars, utilizing calcium hydroxide and formocresol as the material for pulpotomy. It was a Quasi-experimental study. The sampling technique was a non-randomized convenience sampling. The study was conducted and completed in one year 28, Military Dental Centre, La-hore. The study was carried out using clinical and radiological criteria of follow up for evaluating the success of the two techniques by selecting 60 subjects, all Pakistanis. The sample comprised of subjects within 4 to 6 years age bracket selected alternatively according to gender. Formocresol and Calcium hydroxide pulpotomy was performed after amputation and proper hemostasis of the coronal pulp chamber and the selected patients were divided into two groups. The patients selected for formocresol pulpotomy were placed in Group F and the patients for calcium hydroxide pulpotomy were placed in Group C. Follow up of the cases were performed at 03 months, 06 months and 01 year period and the results in terms of success and failure were recorded in the stipulated data form and analyzed by SPSS version 17 for Windows. Sixty cariously exposed primary molars required vital pulp therapy. Thirty primary molars [50%] in Group F and thirty primary molars [50%] in Group C. 27 teeth [90%] treated with formocresol and 17 teeth [56.7%] with calcium hydroxide were classed as clinically and radiographically successful at the end of one year. The results showed a significant difference in the efficacy of the two groups [p= 0.004]. It was concluded that there was a significant difference in the efficacy of the two medicaments projecting higher rate of success with formocresol as compared to calcium hydroxide both clinically and radiographically

Existe associação entre manchas de esmalte em pré-molares e tratamento endodôntico nos seus antecessores decíduos? / Is there an association between enamel stains in premolars and endodontic treatment of their primary molar predecessors?

Objetivo: este estudo longitudinal retrospectivo objetivou avaliar se existe relação entre o surgimento de manchas de esmalte em pré-molares, após o tratamento endodôntico dos seus antecessores molares decíduos.Métodos: as crianças submetidas à pesquisa, pacientes do Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP), desde a mais tenra idade, foram localizados, juntamente com seus prontuários, e agrupados igualmente em três grupos conforme avaliação: (1) pré-molares sucessores de dentes decíduos que foram submetidos ao tratamento endodôntico com sessão única de Formocresol; (2) pré-molares sucessores de dentes decíduos que foram submetidos ao tratamento endodôntico com CTZ; (3) pré-molares cujos molares decíduos antecessores não possuíam lesões de acometimento pulpar. Um único examinador, com o intuito de identificar manchas de esmalte, avaliou 180 pré-molares, sem conhecimento prévio do histórico clínico ao qual foram submetidos seus antecessores decíduos,utilizando inspeção visual conferindo um índice Cohen´s kappa = 0,90. O teste de Qui-quadrado de Person e o exato de Fisher foram utilizados para identificar as diferenças entre os grupos experimentais e entre os grupos experimentais e o controle, respectivamente, em relação ao surgimento de manchas. O nível de significância adotado nesse estudo foi de 5%. Resultados: foi identificado que 8,3% dos pré-molares tratados com Formocresol e 11,7% tratados com o CTZ apresentaram algum tipo de mancha no esmalte (p>0.05), no entanto, não foram detectadas manchas nos dentes do grupo controle (p<0.05). Conclusão: quando os dentes antecessores decíduos foram submetidos à terapia endodôntico com Formocresol ou CTZ, houve surgimento de manchas em pré-molares, não havendo, no entanto, diferença estatisticamente significante...

Objective: The aim of this longitudinal retrospective study was to investigate whether there is association of the presence of enamel stains in premolars after endodontic treatment of their primary molar predecessors. Method: The children of this research have been patients of the Integral Medicine Institute Professor Fernando Figueira (IMIP) since their earliest age. The children were localized, their clinical charts were retrieved, and three groups were formed according to the evaluation: (1) successor premolars of primary molars subjected to single-session endodontic treatment with formocresol; (2) successor premolars of primary molars subjected to endodontic treatment with CTZ paste; and (3) successor premolars of primary molars that had no previous pulp involvement. A single examiner blinded to the clinical history of the primary molar predecessors evaluated 180 premolars for enamel stains by visual inspection, with a Cohen?s index kappa=0.90. Pearson?s square chi and Fisher?s exact tests were used to identify the differences among the experimental groups, and between the control and experimental groups, respectively, as regards the presence of enamel stains. The significance level was set at 5%. Results: 8.3% of the premolars that had the primary molar predecessors treated with formocresol and 11.7% of those treated with CTZ had some kind of enamel stain (p>0.05). There were no enamel stains in the teeth of the control group (p less than 0.05). Conclusion: When the primary molar predecessors were subjected to endodontic treatment with both formocresol and CTZ, enamel stains developed in the premolars, though without statistically significant difference...

Histological analysis of the association between formocresol and endotoxin in the subcutaneous tissue of mice

This study performed a histological analysis of the effect of formocresol associated to endotoxin (LPS) in the subcutaneous connective tissue of mice. Ninety mice were randomly assigned to 3 groups (n=30). Each animal received one plastic tube implant containing endotoxin solution (10 mg/mL), formocresol (original formula) or a mixture of endotoxin and formocresol. The endotoxin and formocresol groups served as controls. The periods of analysis were 7, 15 and 30 days. At each experimental period, tissue samples were collected and submitted to routine processing for histological analysis. Endotoxin and formocresol produced necrosis and chronic inflammation at 7 and 15 days. At 30 days, the endotoxin group showed no necrosis, while in the formocresol group necrosis persisted. The formocresol-endotoxin association produced necrosis and chronic inflammation in the same way as observed with formocresol at all experimental periods. In conclusion, formocresol seems not to be able to inactive the toxic effects of endotoxin in connective tissues.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar histologicamente o efeito da associação do formocresol com endotoxina (LPS) em tecido conjuntivo de camundongos. Noventa camundongos foram divididos em três grupos de 30 camundongos cada. Cada camundongo recebeu um implante subcutâneo de tubo plástico contendo solução de endotoxina (10 mg/ml), formocresol (fórmula original), ou uma mistura de formocresol com endotoxina. Os grupos da endotoxina e formocresol foram considerados grupos controle. Os períodos de análise foram 7, 15 e 30 dias. Após os períodos experimentais, os tecidos foram removidos e submetidos a processamento histológico. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a endotoxina e o formocresol produzem necrose e inflamação tecidual crônica aos 7 e 15 dias e aos 30 dias o grupo da endotoxina não mostrava necrose e no grupo do formocresol a necrose persistiu. A combinação formocresol e endotoxina mostrou necrose e inflamação crônica com resultados semelhantes ao do grupo formocresol para todos os períodos experimentais. Pode-se concluir que o formocresol parece não ser capaz de inativar os efeitos tóxicos da endotoxina.

Endodontic microorganism susceptibility by direct contact test

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar in vitro la duración del efecto antimicrobiano de los selladores endodónticos mediante la Prueba de Contacto Directo. Los selladores probados fueron: Endomethasone - Septodont®, Endomethasone C – Septodont®, Endion – Voco®, Diaket – ESPE®, Pulp Canal Sealer – SybronEndo® y AH26 – Dentsply DeTrey®. Los microorganismos endodontopáticos (MO) enfrentados fueron: Staphylococcus aureus (Sa), Candida albicans (Ca), Enterococcus faecalis (Ef), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) yFusobacterium nucleatum (Fn). Se prepararon las probetas con cada uno de los selladores, se colocaron sobre la superficie de placas de agar sembradas con cada MO y luego de períodos predeterminados se realizaron repiques de las zonas de contacto probeta-agar sembrado y de la zona que no estuvo en contacto con las probetas (testigo). Se realizó la lectura de los resultados: presencia/ausencia de desarrollo microbiano y se analizaronestadísticamente mediante la Prueba de Kruskal- Wallis. Pudo concluirse que las características estructurales y la virulencia de los microorganismos endodontopáticos son determinantes de la respuesta de los mismos frente a los selladores independientemente del tiempo durante el cual estos actúen y del mecanismo por el cual el antiséptico alcance al microorganismo, en este caso por contacto directo.

Paramonoclorofenol canforado e formocresol: empirismo x ciência / Camphorated parachlorophenol and cresol formalin: empirism x science

Procurou-se analisar e discutir, através de uma revisäo da literatura, a estrutura química, o mecanismo de açäo, toxicidade e efetividade dos anti-sépticos no tratamento endodôntico

Pulpotomia em dentes decíduos: análise dos materiais e técnicas / Pulpotomy in deciduous teeth: analysis of materials and techniques

Os diferentes passos das técnicas de pulpotomias em dentes decíduos com formocresol, hidróxido de cálcio e glutaraldeído e suas controvérsias quanto ao uso, foram revistos, concluindo para cada medicamento seu melhor desempenho