The effects of binge-pattern alcohol consumption on orthodontic tooth movement

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess tissue changes during orthodontic movement after binge-pattern ethanol 20% exposure. METHODS: Male Wistar rats (n = 54) were divided into two groups. The control group (CG) received 0.9% saline solution, while the experimental group (EG) received 20% ethanol in 0.9% saline solution (3 g/kg/day). On the 30th day, a force of 25 cN was applied with a nickel-titanium closed coil spring to move the maxillary right first molar mesially. The groups were further divided into three subgroups (2, 14 and 28 days). Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and picrosirius were used to assess bone resorption and neoformation, respectively. Data were compared by two-way ANOVA, Tukey's HSD, Games-Howell and chi-square test. Significance level was set at 5%. RESULTS: There was a decrease in the number of osteoclasts in EG at day 28. The percentage of collagen showed no interaction between group and time. CONCLUSION: Binge-pattern 20% ethanol promoted less bone resorption at the end of tooth movement, thereby suggesting delay in tooth movement. .

OBJETIVO: objetivou-se avaliar as alterações teciduais decorrentes da administração de etanol a 20% no padrão binge, durante o movimento ortodôntico. MÉTODOS: foram utilizados ratos Wistar machos (n = 54), divididos em dois grupos, sendo Grupo Controle (GC), com administração de soro fisiológico a 0,9%; e Grupo e Experimental (GE), com administração de etanol a 20% em soro fisiológico a 0,9%, no volume de 3g/kg/dia. Após o 30º dia de administração, foi aplicada força de 25cN com mola fechada de níquel-titânio para mover o primeiro molar superior direito para mesial. Os grupos foram subdivididos nos subgrupos 2, 14 e 28 dias, correspondendo ao número de dias de movimentação dentária. Utilizou-se as colorações de fosfatase ácida-tartarato resistente e picrosírius para avaliar reabsorção óssea e neoformação óssea, respectivamente. Os dados foram comparados por ANOVA a dois critérios, Tukey HSD e Games-Howell, ao nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: verificou-se diminuição no número de osteoclastos no GE II no 28º dia. A percentagem de colágeno não demonstrou alteração na interação grupo x tempo. CONCLUSÕES: o etanol no padrão binge a 20% promoveu menor reabsorção óssea no final da movimentação dentária, sugerindo atraso na movimentação dentária. .

Locally Confined Primary Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Prostate with Immunohistochemical Analysis.

A case of locally confined primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the prostate in an 85 years old male with complaints of retention of urine, dysuria and frequent nocturia is reported. On per rectal digital examination, hard nodular prostate of grade 3 enlargement was palpated. Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level was 33.7ng/ ml. Chest x-ray and computed tomography of the pelvis was negative for metastatic disease. Hematological and biochemical investigations were within normal limits. Transurethral prostatic biopsy was done and histopathology revealed the diagnosis of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) with bilateral orchidectomy along with radiotherapy was selected as modality of treatment. After histopathological examination of TURP specimen with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H & E) and Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stain, a diagnosis of primary signet ring cell carcinoma of prostate was given which was confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis.

Microbial activity, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and inoculation of woody plants in lead contaminated soil

The goals of this study were to evaluate the microbial activity, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and inoculation of woody plants (Caesalpinia ferrea, Mimosa tenuiflora and Erythrina velutina) in lead contaminated soil from the semi-arid region of northeastern of Brazil (Belo Jardim, Pernambuco). Dilutions were prepared by adding lead contaminated soil (270 mg Kg-1) to uncontaminated soil (37 mg Pb Kg soil-1) in the proportions of 7.5 percent, 15 percent, and 30 percent (v:v). The increase of lead contamination in the soil negatively influenced the amount of carbon in the microbial biomass of the samples from both the dry and rainy seasons and the metabolic quotient only differed between the collection seasons in the 30 percent contaminated soil. The average value of the acid phosphatase activity in the dry season was 2.3 times higher than observed during the rainy season. There was no significant difference in the number of glomerospores observed between soils and periods studied. The most probable number of infective propagules was reduced for both seasons due to the excess lead in soil. The mycorrhizal colonization rate was reduced for the three plant species assayed. The inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi benefited the growth of Erythrina velutina in lead contaminated soil.

Fosfatase ácida resistente ao tartarato como biomarcador do metabolismo ósseo no cão / Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase as a biomarker of bone turnover in dog

Values of serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase ( TRAP) activity were obtained in adult dogs and its biological variability was assessed. Nine healthy skeletally mature Portuguese Podengo dogs were used for the determination of TRAP, total and bone alkaline phosphatase serum activities, and also to study their relationship with serum minerals, namely calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), and magnesium (Mg). The serum TRAP activity was 2.19±0.56IU/mL, with intra-individual variation of 18.3 percent and inter-individual variation of 25.6 percent. Significant correlations were observed between serum TRAP activity and Ca (r=-0.3431; P<0.05), Ca and Mg (r=-0.787; P<0.01), and TRAP and Mg (r=0.397; P<0.05). The results indicate that serum TRAP activity in dog could be of great value in research and in clinical practice, providing complementary non-invasive information on bone metabolism.

Determinaram-se os valores da atividade da fosfatase ácida resistente ao tartarato (FART) e avaliou-se a sua variabilidade biológica. Neste estudo, foram utilizados nove cães adultos e saudáveis de raça Podengo Português para as determinações das atividades da FART, da fosfatase alcalina total, da isoenzima óssea da fosfatase alcalina e da concentração dos minerais séricos - cálcio, fósforo e magnésio. A atividade sérica obtida da FART foi de 2,19±0,56 UI/mL, com uma variação intra-individual de 18,3 por cento e interindividual de 25,6 por cento. Foram observadas correlações significativas ao longo do tempo entre FART e cálcio (r=-0,3431; P<0,05), entre FART e magnésio (r=0,3974; P<0,05) e entre cálcio e magnésio (r=-0,787; P<0,01). Os resultados indicam que este marcador de reabsorção óssea pode ser de grande valor na prática clínica e na investigação e, ainda, ser utilizado como um método auxiliar não invasivo para avaliação do metabolismo ósseo.

Biomarkers for identifying the early phases of osteoarthritis secondary to medial patellar luxation in dogs

The levels of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) in synovial fluid (SF) and serum in cases of canine osteoarthritis (OA) were measured. OA was induced by a surgically-created medial patellar luxation in the left stifle of 24 dogs. SF and blood samples were collected at 1.5- and 3-month intervals, respectively. Every 3 months, one dog was euthanatized to collect tissue samples from both stifles. TRAP levels in SF and serum were measured using a spectrophotometer, and TRAP-positive cells in joint tissues were identified by enzyme histochemistry. MMP-2 and TIMP-2 in SF and serum were detected by Western blotting and ELISA, respectively. TRAP in SF from the stifles and serum was significantly increased (p < 0.05) after 3 months. TIMP-2 in SF and serum was significantly decreased (p < 0.05), whereas MMP-2 in SF was significantly increased (p < 0.05) during the progression of OA. Histochemistry revealed an increased number of TRAP-positive cells in tissues from OA-affected joints. Assays measuring TRAP, MMP-2, and TIMP-2 in SF and serum, and methods that detect increased numbers of TRAP-positive cells in the joint tissues can play an important role in identifying the early phases of degenerative changes in canine joint components.

Fundamental issues in forensic semen detection / Problemas fundamentales en la detección forense de semen

Sperm detection can be an important factor in confirming sexual assault in cases of rape. A large number of cases received in a forensic laboratory involve sexual offenses, making it necessary to examine exhibits for the presence of seminal stains. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the most important methods and tests used in the identification of spermatozoa or constituents ofseminal fluid during the investigation ofalleged sexual assault cases in forensic medical practice. Furthermore, this paper focusses on the basic knowledge that is necessary to the graduate students who wish to specialize in forensic sciences.

La detección de esperma puede ser un factor importante a la hora de confirmar un ataque sexual en los casos de violación. Un gran número de los casos recibidos en el laboratorio forense tienen relación con ofensas sexuales, lo cual hace necesario examinar muestras de presencia de manchas seminales. El objetivo de este trabajo es proporcionar una apreciación global de los métodos y pruebas más importantes usados en la identificación de espermatozoos o constituyentes del fluido seminal durante la investigación de supuestos casos de ataque sexual, en la práctica médica forense. Además, este trabajo presta atención al conocimiento básico necesario para los estudiantes graduados que desean especializarse en las ciencias forenses.

Cytochemical localization of acid phosphatase in Stigeoclonium tenue (Chaetophorales, Chlorophyceae)

Nonspecific acid phosphatases are a group of enzymes whose activity increases the availability of exogenous and endogenous orthophosphate either through extra- or intracellular hydrolysis of phosphate compounds. Our study demonstrates the activity of acid phosphatases in the filamentous freshwater alga Stigeoclonium tenue. These enzymes were detected following a cerium-based method in which cerium was used as an orthophosphate-capture reagent. In thalli from S. tenue from the natural environment, acid phosphatases were found in the longitudinal cell wall,plasmalemma, and vacuole. In thalli from Bold's Basal Medium culture, these enzymes were found mainly in the plasmalemma; they were scarce in the cell wall. In the thalli grown in phosphate-enriched culture medium, enzymes were found only in the plasmalemma. The low availability of orthophosphate in the medium seems to induce the transport of these enzymes to the cell wall. Its abundance, on the contrary, seems to attenuate this response without affecting the localization of acid phosphatases in the plasmalemma.

Determinación de fosfatasas en hongos de praderas / Phosphatases determination in praire fungi

Se realizó un estudio para determinar la actividad de la fosfatasa ácida y alcalina en 180 cepas fúngicas aisladas desde suelo rizósferico y la rizósfera de tres plantas forrajeras (Dactilys glomerata, Lolium perenne y Trifollium repens) cultivadas en una pradera en rotación y una pradera permanente. Las fosfatasas fueron determinadas por el método desarrollado por Tabatabai & Bremner (1969) y se leyeron en un espectrofotómetro a 400 nm. Los resultados obtenidos se sometieron a un análisis de varianza (ANDEVA). En las cepas fúngicas ensayadas se determinó actividad para fosfatasa ácida y alcalina. Los mayores valores tanto para fosfatasa ácida (139.68 mg/mL*g micelio) y alcalina (127.12 mg/mL*g micelio) los registró la cepa 14-2R de Penicillium chrysogenum aislada de la rizófera de L. perenne cultivado en pradera permanente. Entre las mejores cepas evaluadas de la pradera permanente existió una mejor concordancia entre los valores determinados para fosfatasa ácida y alcalina.

Lysosomal stability in Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) on exposure to surfactants.

The three commonly used surfactants viz. anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), cationic cetyl tri methyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and non-ionic triton X-100 were toxic even at sub lethal levels (1 ppm for 30 days) to 0. mossambicus. Lysosomal stability index (LSI) was lowest in triton-exposed animals in vitro. In vivo, CTAB was the most toxic. SDS, the anionic surfactant was the least toxic. The possible role of surfactant structure, critical micellar concentration (CMC) and metabolism in influencing the toxicity is discussed and mechanism of action via membrane lipid peroxidation is suggested.

Alterations in activities of acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, ATPase and ATP content in response to seasonally varying Pi status in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus).

Phosphorus (P) is the second most important macronutrient for plant growth. Plants exhibit numerous physiological and metabolic adaptations in response to seasonal variations in phosphorus content. Activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases, ATPase and ATP content were studied in summer, rainy and winter seasons at two different developmental stages (28 and 58 days after sowing) in Okra. Activities of both acid and alkaline phosphatases increased manifold in winter to cope up with low phosphorus content. ATP content and ATPase activity were high in summer signifying an active metabolic period. Phosphorus deficiency is characterized by low ATP content and ATPase activity (which are in turn partly responsible for a drastic reduction in growth and yield) and enhanced activities of acid and alkaline phosphatases which increase the availability of P in P-deficient seasons.

Salivary characteristics of diabetic children

Salivary components may suffer variations that can be detected by chemical determinations. The aim of this work was to determine physical and biochemical characteristics of the saliva of a group of diabetic children compared to those of a control group. Relation to oral health indices was also determined. Twenty diabetic children (3-15-years-old) and 21 control children (5-12-years-old) were included in this study. Total proteins, sugars and calcium were determined by colorimetric methods, and glucose, urea, alpha-amylase and acid phosphatase by enzymatic methods. Our results demonstrated that acidic pH, diminished salivary flow rate and excess foam are usually present in saliva of diabetic children. Total sugars, glucose, urea and total proteins were greater in diabetic patients than controls, while calcium values were decreased. These differences were confirmed by the discrimination test. Diabetic children have higher DMFT-dmft-deft and DMFS-dmfs-defs values compared to those of the control children despite their lower sugar intake. Some salivary components in addition to the diminished flow rate could be involved in the characterization of the oral health state of diabetic children

Study on time limit of ACP and sperm positive-detected in mixed spot / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#The study was carried out on time limit of ACP and sperm positive-detected in mixed spot.@*METHODS@#600 vaginal swabs from living body after sexual intercourse were tested by routine and three-blindness methods.@*RESULTS@#The longest time limit of ACP which was positively detected is 255 h, average time limit is 52 h, 41.3% of those samples was ACP-detected in positive degree (++). The longest time limit of sperm positively detected is 132 h, average time limit is 29 h. The number of sperms observed in 34.3% of those samples with positive result, is from 6 to 10/HP.@*CONCLUSION@#This study is helpful to forensic identification of sex cases.

Efeito da temperatura de desproteinizaçäo no preparo de osso cortical bovino microgranular: avaliaçäo microscópica e bioquímica da resposta celular em subcutâneo de ratos / Effect of deproteinization temperature on the preparation of microgranular bovine cortical bone: microscopic and biochemical analysis in rat subcutaneous tissue

Nosso propósito foi avaliar a biocompatibilidade de dois materiais preparados com osso cortical bovino, um desproteinizado a 100ºC (Gen-Ox(R), Baumer S.A.) e outro a 1000ºC (preparado no laboratório de Bioquímica, FOB-USP). Esses materiais foram implantados em subcutâneo de ratos e, após 10, 20, 30 e 60 dias, os animais foram sacrificados e as peças histológicas removidas. As análises microscópicas mostraram uma reaçäo granulomatosa tipo corpo estranho de baixa renovaçäo contendo macrófagos e células gigantes multinucleadas em contato com o material, semelhante à implantaçäo subcutânea de osso autógeno ou alógeno mineralizado. Ao final do período experimental näo houve diferença significativa nos níveis das fosfatases ácidas nos grupos que receberam o osso cortical desproteinizado a 100 ou 1000ºC, mostrando que näo há diferença significativa entre os materiais testados. Podemos concluir que o osso cortical bovino, quer desproteinizado a 100ºC (Gen-Ox(R), Baumer S.A.) ou a 1000ºC (preparado em nosso laboratório) podem ser usados como material de preenchimento osteo-substituto e como potenciais carreadores das proteínas morfogenéticas do osso

Differences in enzyme activity and biological behavior of three leishmania promastigotes isolated from patients with zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis

Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis [ZCL] is reported to cause a spectrum of clinical manifestations. To unravel some of the mechanisms associated with different disease manifestations, enzyme activities were compared among the promastigotes of leishmania isolated from three clinically different forms of ZCL from Isfahan, central Iran. Specific activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, hexokinase, lactate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase in the promastigotes isolated from a scaly flat ulcer were 5.5, 2.2, 1.6 and 2.6 folds greater respective to those isolated from a small papular lesion. The activity of these enzymes in the promastigotes isolated from a volcano-shaped lesion was notably higher than those isolated from a papular lesion, but lower than those isolated from a scaly flat ulcer. Significant differences were not observed in alkaline phosphatase activity of different isolates. These results may indicate that differences in the clinical manifestation of the lesions in ZCL might be related to certain metabolic pathways of the parasites, growth kinetics in NNN medium and the course of infection in BALB/C mice

Alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase in human gingival fluid and its relation to gingival inflammation

Periodontal inflammation is accompanied by presence of fluid in the gingival sulcus, and the amount of fluid varies according to the severity of inflammation. Alkaline phosphatase is known to be present in periodontal tissues and is normally confined to eucocytes; an increase in the activity of this enzyme has been shown by histochemical methods in inflamed gingiva. The main source of acid phosphatase in the crevicular area are probably the PMNS and desqaumating epithelial cells and the activity of this enzyme has often been associated with connective tissue metabolism. The aim of this study is to determine the activity of these enzymes in varying severity of gingival inflammation,15 patients were selected for this study; gingival fluids were collected with micropipettes. Assessment of the gingival status was made according to the Gingival Index [GI] of Loe And Silness. Then patients divided into 3 groups. Alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase was measured by colorimetric technique. Results demonstrated increase of enzymes activity with severity of gingival inflammation. Further investigation is needed to demonstrate the roles and activity of these enzymes in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease

A critical appraisal of the value of vaginal acid phosphatase determination for the estimation of post-coital time

A careful literature review of the use of vaginal fluid acid phosphatase levels as a means to estimate post-coital time disclosed several inconsistencies. In this study, acid phosphatase levels were determined in vaginal fluid samples obtained from 200 women whose post-coital time was known. No statistical significance (at 5% probability levels) was found when vaginal acid phosphatase levels were correlated with post-coital time

Alteraciones bioquímicas y citoquímicas de hidrolasas ácidas lisosomales en leucemias / Biochemical and citochemical alterations of lisosomal acid hydrolases in leukemias

La actividad enzimática total de ß-galactosidasa (ß-gal), hexosaminidasa (hex) y fosfatasa ácida (Fac) fue determinada bioquímicamente, tanto en suero como en sobrenadantes de homogenatos celulares de sujetos normales y pacientes portadores de leucemias, empleándose sustratos paranitrofenilados específicos. La actividad de ß-gal en leucemias mieloides, tanto agudas (LMA-M1) como crónicas (LMC), sólo mostró un incremento significativo en sobrenadantes de homogenato celulares, respecto a los valores de neutrófilos normales. En leucemias linfoidales agudas (LLA), como crónicas (LLC), su comportamiento no ofreció variaciones. Tanto los sueros como los sobrenadantes de homogenatos celulares de LMA-M1 y LMC mostraron un franco incremento en la actividad de hex, mientras en LLA y LLC esta actividad no mostró variaciones. La actividad sérica de fosfatasa ácida estuvo incrementada en el 86% de las LMC. En los sobrenadantes de homogenatos celulares de LLA y LLC, esta actividad enzimática se mostró significativamente disminuida respecto de los valores de linfocitos normales. En los tres casos de LMA-M4 analizados, fue observado en el contenido celular niveles elevados de ß-gal, hex y Fac (lo que estaría correlacionado con la presencia de monocitos y/o monoblastos normales, con alto contenido de hidrolasas ácidas). Citoquímicamente fue demostrado en médula ósea y sangre periférica de pacientes con LMA-M1 una ligera o nula actividad de hex, en tanto que en LLA la reacción fue localizada asimétricamente en un polo celular o en gránulos citoplasmáticos. Los resultados encontrados demuestran una gran heterogeneidad en el contenido lisosomal de los diferentes tipos de leucemias

Ausencia funcional de conductos eyaculadores / Functional absence of ejaculatory ducts

Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de muestras de semen procedentes de 5 159 pacientes que se consultaron por infertilidad en un período de 8 años y 4 meses. En 188 casos se comprobó azoospermia (muestras seminales con ausencia de espermatozoides) y en 23 de los azoospérmicos se presentaron características seminales del síndrome de ausencia funcional de los conductos eyaculadores. Se compararon los valores bioquímicos del plasma seminal (fructosa, fosfatasa ácida, y glicerilfosforilcolina) de los pacientes con las características del síndrome con igual número de normozoospérmicos infértiles y azoospérmicos no obstructivos. Pudo comprobarse diferencia altamente significativa en los 3 indicadores (p < 0,005) entre los pacientes con el sídrome y los otros 2 grupos. Los resultados indican que estas determinaciones bioquímicas son útiles en el diagnóstico del síndrome sin necesidad de utilizar métodos quirúrgicos

Effect of diabetes mellitus on epididymal enzymes of adult rats.

Diabetes mellitus caused significant reduction in serum testosterone and accessory sex glands weight. The sperm content of epididymal regions also decreased. Among the epididymal regions, the cauda epididymidal tissue alone showed significant reduction in Na(+)-K+ ATPase activity. However, Mg2+ ATPase activity was lowered in caput epididymidis only. Specific activity of Ca2+ ATPase significantly decreased in caput and cauda epididymides. All three ATPases decreased significantly in caput epididymidal spermatozoa leaving cauda epididymidal spermatozoa unaffected. Specific activity of alkaline phosphatase was suppressed in caput epididymidis and in the spermatozoa collected from caput and cauda epididymides, while the acid phosphatase was unaffected. In general, the results are suggestive of definite influence of diabetes on epididymal phosphatases which is region specific. Diabetes induced decrease in phosphatases may have an impact on secretory and absorptive functions of epididymis and thus on sperm maturation.

Effect of centbucridine & lignocaine on biochemical changes in isoproterenol induced ischemia in rats.

Effect of lignocaine and centbucridine against isoproterenol-induced biochemical changes was studied in the rat. Isoproterenol (40 mg/kg twice) increased the heart weight, level of manolaldehyde (MDA) and activity of acid phosphatase, but decreased the myocardial phospholipid content at 48 h. In addition, increase in plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, MDA and creatine phosphokinase activity was observed. Pretreatment of the animals with lignocaine (10 mg/kg) or centbucridine (1, 3 and 10 mg/kg) protected the animals against these biochemical changes. However, increase in heart weight consequent to isoproterenol treatment could not be prevented. Total protection against creatine phosphokinase release in the blood was also not observed. The results suggest that the two drugs inhibit lipolysis. They may also inhibit phospholipases leading to protection against ischemia-induced changes in the rat.