Physical characteristics at different ages / Características físicas en diferentes edades

The purpose of this study was to study, observe, and clarify the dynamics of physical growth, as well as changes of some morphometrical and physiological variables of Kosovo population. 17,894 males from Kosovo between 6 and 51 years of age and older, were measured: body height, body weight, BMI, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, heart rate, and VO max were recorded. The measurement data were processed through these descriptive statistical parameters: Mean, Standard-Deviation and the Coefficient of Variation, SD shows the similar dispersion of results between one age and another. CV signifies the reliability of the measurements that were carried out. The curve of body height for individuals between 6 and 17 years of age shows increases, for individuals between 18 and 40 years of age shows stable values, while for indiividuals above 40 years of age indicate a decrease.Body height difference between adults shows that adultsbetween 18 and 30 years old have the higher body height values, compared with the other two groups of tested adults. Body weight for individualsbetween 6 and 50 years old shows consistent increase of value. In individuals above 51 years of age, body weight decreases rapidly. According to BMIvalues individuals between 6 and 13 years of age were underweight. Those between 14 and 35 years of age, as well as those above 51 years of age showed normal weight. On the other hand, those between 36 and 50 years of age were slightly overweight. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure values were higher as age increased, however were not above normal values. The best results of HR and VO2max were reported in adults between 19 and 27 years of age.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar, observar, y para aclarar la dinámica de crecimiento físico, así como los cambios de algunas variables morfométricas y fisiológicas de la población de Kosovo. En 17.894 hombres en Kosovo, de entre 6 y 51 años, se tomaron las siguientes medidas: Altura y peso corporal, IMC, presiones sistólica y diastólica, frecuencia cardíaca, VO2 máx. Los datos fueron procesados a través de los siguientes parámetros estadísticos descriptivos: media, desviación estándar y coeficiente de variación. La DS muestra la dispersión de los resultados de acuerdo a la edad. CV determina la fiabilidad de las mediciones que se hicieron. La curva de la altura del cuerpo entre 6-17 años de edad aumentó entre los 18 y 40 años de edad, mientras que para individuos de más de 40 años la curva disminuye. La altura corporal mostró que los adultos entre 18-30 años son más altos, en comparación con otros dos grupos. El peso corporal aumenta desde los 6 a los 50 años edad, mientras que después de los 51 años se produce rápidamente su disminución. De acuerdo a los valores de IMC, los individuos entre 6-13 años de edad presentaban bajo peso. Los individuos entre 14-35 años y superiores a 51 años presentaban un peso normal. Los individuos entre 36-50 años, presentaron un ligero sobrepeso. Aumentaron las presiones sistólica y diastólica de acuerdo a la edad, pero no por encima del valor normal. Los mejores resultados de la frecuencia cardiaca y VO2máx se alcanzaron en los adultos entre 19 y 27 años.

Resposta taquicárdica e controle autonômico no exercício físico em modelo genético de insuficiência cardíaca / Tachycardic response and autonomic control in physical exercise in genetic model of cardiac insufficiency

O aumento da atividade nervosa simpática e a taquicardia em repouso ou durante esforços físicos estão associados ao aumento da morbimortalidade, mesmo na ausência de sinais clínicos de doença cardíaca. Sabendo-se da importância dos receptores α2A/α2C-adrenérgicos na modulação da atividade nervosa e frequência cardíaca (FC), o presente trabalho utiliza um modelo genético de cardiomiopatia induzida por excesso de catecolaminas circulantes baseado na inativação gênica dos receptores α2A/α2C-adrenérgicos em camundongos (α2A/α2CKO) para verificar a resposta da FC ao exercício físico (EF), assim como o controle simpatovagal da FC ao EF. Testou-se a hipótese de que haveria resposta taquicárdica exacerbada durante o EF nos camundongos α2A/α2CKO mesmo quando a função cardíaca ainda estivesse preservada em repouso, sendo o receptor α2A-adrenérgico o principal responsável por essa resposta. Camundongos machos da linhagem C57Bl6J, controle (CO) e com inativação gênica para os receptores α2A (α2AKO), α2C α2CKO) e α2A/α2CKO foram submetidos a um teste de tolerância ao esforço físico. Outros dois grupos de camundongos, CO e α2A/α2CKO, foram submetidos ao bloqueio farmacológico dos receptores muscarínicos e β-adrenérgicos e ao EF progressivo para se avaliar a contribuição simpatovagal para a taquicardia de EF. Observou-se intolerância ao esforço físico (1.220 ± 18 e 1.460 ± 34 vs. 2.630 ± 42m, respectivamente) e maior taquicardia ao EF (765 ± 16 e 792 ± 13 vs. 603 ± 18bpm, respectivamente) nos camundongos α2AKO e α2A/α2CKO vs. CO. Além disso, o balanço autonômico estava alterado nos camundongos α2A/α2CKO pela hiperatividade simpática e menor efeito vagal cardíaco. Esses resultados demonstram a importância dos receptores α2A/α2C-adrenérgicos no controle autonômico não só no repouso, mas também durante o EF, sendo o receptor ...

Increase of sympathetic nervous activity and tachycardia at rest or during physical exertions are associated with increase of morbimortality, even in the absence of clinical signs of cardiac disease. Considering the importance of the α2A/α2C-adrenergic receptors in the modulation of the nervous activity and heart rate (HR), the present study uses a genetic model of cardiomyopathy induced by excess of circulating catecholamine in the gene inactivation of the α2A/α2 -adrenergic receptors in mice (α2A/α2CKO) to verify the HR response to physical exercise (PE), as well as the sympathetic-vagal control of the HR to PE. The hypothesis is that there would be exacerbated tachycardic response during PE in α2A/α2CKO mice even when the cardiac function was still preserved at rest, being the α2A-adrenergic receptor the main reason for this response. Male mice of the C57Bl6J lineage, control (CO) and with gene inactivation for the a2A (α2AKO), α2C α2CKO) and α2A/α2CKO receptors were submitted to tolerance to a physical exercise test. Two other groups of mice, CO and α2A/α2CKO, were submitted to pharmacological blocking of the muscarinic and β-adrenergic receptors as well as to progressive PE to assess the sympathetic-vagal contribution to PE tachycardia. Intolerance to physical exercise (1.220 ± 18 and 1.460 ± 34 vs. 2.630 ± 42m, respectively) and higher tachycardia to PE (765 ± 16 e 792 ± 13 vs. 603 ± 18 bpm, respectively) in the α2AKO and α2A/α2CKO vs. CO mice was observed. Moreover, the autonomic balance was altered in the α2A/α2CKO mice by the sympathetic hyperactivity and lower cardiac vagal effect. These outcomes demonstrated the importance of the α2A/α2C-adrenergic receptors in autonomic control not only at rest, but also during PE, being theα2A-adrenergic receptor responsible for the sympathetic hyperactivity and lower ...

Analysis of genetic and non-genetic factors that affect the QTc interval in a Mongolian population: the GENDISCAN study

The QTc interval is a complex quantitative trait and a strong prognostic indicator of cardiovascular mortality in general, healthy people. The aim of this study was to identify non-genetic factors and quantitative trait loci that govern the QTc interval in an isolated Mongolian population. We used multiple regression analysis to determine the relationship between the QTc interval and non-genetic factors including height, blood pressure, and the plasma lipid level. Whole genome linkage analyses were performed to reveal quantitative trait loci for the QTc interval with 349 microsatellite markers from 1,080 Mongolian subjects. Among many factors previously known for association with the QTc interval, age, sex, heart rate, QRS duration of electrocardiogram and systolic blood pressure were also found to have influence on the QTc interval. A genetic effect for the QTc interval was identified based on familial correlation with a heritability value of 0.31. In a whole genome linkage analysis, we identified the four potential linkage regions 7q31-34, 5q21, 4q28, and 2q36.

Anticuerpos antirreceptores a neurotransmisores y su correlacion con la alteracion de la dispersión del QT y de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca / Anticorpos anti-receptores a neurotransmissores e sua correlação com a alteração da dispersão do QT e da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca

Objetivos: Estudiar la asociación entre las alteraciones de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca (VFC); dispersión del QT y la presencia de anticuerpos antirrecptores a neurotransmisores en la enfermedad de Chagas (con o sin cardiopatia). Material y Métodos: En uma muestra de 241 individuos, se incluyeron 108 pacientes chagásicos en período indeterminado; 102 con cardiopatía grupo A (clasificación del consejo de Enfermedad de Chagas y Miocardiopatías Infecciosas Dr. Salvador Mazza) y 31 controles no chagásicos. En ellos la infección se detectó con tres reacciones sorológicas positivas, se determinó la presencia de IgG anti-RA con el método ELISA y alteraciones de la VFC por Holter de 24 hs y la dispersión del QT por medición electrocardiografica. Métodos estadísticos: Chi cuadrado; Odd Ratio; prueba de Mantel y Haenszel; regresión logística múltiple. Resultados: El 31 por cento de los indeterminados (34 casos) presentan AcsRN positivos. De estos pacientes 20 (58 por cento) tienen valores iguales o mayores a 654 mseg en la DQT y 23 (67 por cento) tienen valores iguales o menores a 100 ms en la DS de la SDNN...