Utilização do retalho miocutâneo de grande dorsal, com extensão adiposa, nas reconstruções mamárias: uma opção para preenchimento do polo superior / Use of the myocutaneous latissimus dorsi flap with fat extension in breast reconstruction: an option for filling the upper pole

INTRODUÇÃO: As sequelas de mastectomia se apresentam de formas variadas exigindo, do cirurgião, experiência e criatividade para obter o melhor resultado na reconstrução de uma nova mama. Dentre as dificuldades para que este objetivo seja alcançado, está o desafio de um melhor preenchimento do polo superior da mama. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma opção terapêutica alternativa para correção do polo superior dentre as técnicas já existentes com este propósito. MÉTODO: A técnica cirúrgica utilizou o retalho de músculo grande dorsal com extensão gordurosa para preenchimento do polo superior da neomama durante sua reconstrução. A técnica descrita foi utilizada em 8 pacientes durante a reconstrução mamária tardia, com idades variando entre 39 e 70 anos. O tamanho desta extensão gordurosa variou entre 4,0 × 10,0 e 7,0 × 13,0 cm. O componente gorduroso do retalho foi avaliado após 3 meses através de ressonância magnética. RESULTADOS: Foram usados implantes mamários que variavam entre 270 e 435 ml. O acompanhamento pós operatório variou entre 3 meses a 1 ano. Ocorreram 2 casos de epidermólise (28%) na junção do retalho cutâneo com a área receptora. Não houve perda ou sofrimento do retalho. Os resultados demonstram clinicamente ou visualmente que a correção da depressão do polo superior da neomama foi alcançada adequadamente, bem como a viabilidade do retalho gorduroso, observada nos exames de imagem (ressonância magnética). CONCLUSÃO: A técnica proposta é uma alternativa adequada para o tratamento da maioria dos casos de reconstrução mamária em que se busca o preenchimento da depressão existente no polo superior da mama.

INTRODUCTION: The sequelae of mastectomy presents in numerous ways, requiring the experience and creativity of the surgeon to achieve the best result in the reconstruction of a new breast. One of the difficulties in achieving this objective is the challenge of adequately filling the upper pole of the breast. The objective of this work was to present an alternative therapeutic option for correction of the upper pole of the neobreast. METHODS: In our surgical technique, a latissimus dorsi muscle flap with fat extension is used for filling the upper pole of the neobreast during its reconstruction. The described technique was used in 8 patients during late breast reconstruction. The patients' ages ranged from 39 and 70 years. The size of the fat extension ranged from 4.0 × 10.0 cm to 7.0 × 13.0 cm. The fat component of the flap was evaluated after 3 months by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS: Breast implants that varied in volume between 270 and 435 mL were used. The follow-up period after surgery ranged from 3 months to 1 year. Two patients had epidermolysis (28%) at the junction of the cutaneous flap and the receiver area. No graft loss or other complications occurred. Our results demonstrate clinically or visually that correction of the depression in the upper pole of the neobreast was satisfactorily achieved. The viability of the fat flap, as observed on MRI, was adequate. CONCLUSION: The proposed technique is a suitable alternative method for filling the depression in the upper pole of the neobreast in most cases of breast reconstruction.

Use of silicone gel sheets in combination with pressure garments in prevention of hypertrophic scarring; is it effective?

Patients can have a wide range of problems related to scars, in terms of cosmesis, function, symptoms, psychological problems and overall quality of life issues. Hypertrophic scars can be reduced by the application of silicone dressing; however, the detailed mechanism of silicone action is still unknown. It is known that silicone gel sheets Cerederm[R] cause a hydration of the epidermal layer of the skin. An in vitro coculture experiment has shown that hydration of keratinocytes had a suppressive effect on the metabolism of the underlying fibroblasts resulting in reduced collagen deposition. This study was conducted on 80 linear scars, 40 patients with post abdominoplasty scars, and 20 patients [40 breasts] with reduction mammoplasty scars; they were divided into two groups with the use of pressure garment fixed in both groups. The first group used silicone gel sheet Cerederm [R] while the second did not. Both groups were followed up for a period of 6 months. Then the outcome was compared both on clinical and histopathological basis. On clinical assessment the two groups where compared according to the Vancouver Scar Scale [VSS.]: scar height, pigmentation .etc. While in histopathological examination, three biopsies were taken at day 0, 90, 180 respectively. Each specimen was stained by hematoxylin and eosin to show the normal pattern of collagen bundle formation, the amount of fibrosis and proliferation of the fibroblasts. Early restoration of the water barrier is essential for reducing the stimulus for epidermal proliferation, and secondary epidermal cross talk to stimulate collagen synthesis in the dermis. Adding the pressure garment to the silicon play a role in decreasing the height of the scar or prevent its formation with decrease the other unpleasant sequel of the scar

Estado actual del uso de silicona en cicatrices hipertróficas / Recent state of use of silicone in hypertrophic scars

Con la finalidad de prevenir o mejorar la apariencia de las cicatrices hipertróficas, sean éstas de origen quirúrgico o traumático, se ha desarrollado una gran variedad de tratamientos, tanto tópicos como sistémicos. Estas lesiones son notoriamente recurrentes y su manejo es poco satisfactorio. Ninguna medida en forma individual ha probado ser efectiva en evitar el proceso de la cicatrización hipertrófica (CH), con excepción tal vez de la silicona. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo revisar la evidencia disponible en estudios prospectivos, controlados, descritos en la literatura acerca de la utilidad de la silicona en el tratamiento de las cicatrices hipertróficas