Comparison of blood glucose level in diabetics undergoing orthopedic surgeries with general or spinal anesthesia

Background: Diabetes increases the risk of peri-operative morbidity and mortality and research to decrease intraoperative blood glucose variations has been continued without any results. The objective of this study was to evaluate the blood glucose level in diabetics undergoing orthopedic surgeries with general or spinal anesthesia

Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional descriptive analytic study the blood glucose levels were evaluated in 80 diabetic patients undergoing orthopedic surgeries during general and spinal anesthesia before surgery, after incision, after one hour and in recovery

Results: 25 patients were male and 55 were female. The age of patients in spinal group was 64.90+/- 10.73 and in general group 60.78+/-10.86 years old. Body Mass Index in spinal group was 27.85+/-3.69 and in general group 29.43+/-3.57. Blood glucose levels were not significantly different between two groups. The blood glucose levels were significant in samples taken between incision and recovery period in both groups

Conclusions: The blood glucose level during surgery and anesthesia has been increased continuously and this increase in general group had a steeper slope but it was acceptable

Hematological and biochemical reference values for C57BL/6, Swiss Webster and BALB/c mice / Valores de referência hematológicos e bioquímicos para camundongos das linhagens C57BL/6, Swiss Webster e BALB/c

The use of animals in scientific research has contributed significantly to the development of science, promoting various advances in understanding the metabolic machinery and the discovery of treatments and preventive measures applied to human and veterinary medicine. The development and use of alternative methods is encouraged; however, in some situations, the use of animals in accordance with ethical policies is still required. Established hematological and clinical chemistry reference values in laboratory animals are essential to evaluate functional changes; however, there are few data in the literature on these values, being fundamentally a comparative basis. The aim of this investigation was the establishment of hematological and clinical chemistry reference values in common strains/stocks of mice used in animal experimentation. Blood profile (hemogram, reticulocytes and myelogram) and clinical chemistry serum determination of total protein, albumin, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium and phosphorus were evaluated using C57BL/6, BALB/c and Swiss Webster mice, male, 2-3 months old. The results standardize reference intervals in animals reared in Laboratory Animal Facility, reflecting the expected condition in rodents subjected to scientific research...

O uso de animais na pesquisa científica tem contribuído significativamente para o desenvolvimento da ciência, promovendo vários avanços na compreensão da maquinaria metabólica, bem como a descoberta de tratamentos e medidas preventivas aplicadas à medicina humana e veterinária. O desenvolvimento e utilização de métodos alternativos é encorajado, no entanto, em algumas situações, ainda é necessária a utilização de animais em conformidade com termos éticos. Estabelecer valores de referência hematológicos e bioquímicos para animais de laboratório é essencial para avaliar alterações funcionais, no entanto, existem poucos dados na literatura sobre estes valores, sendo fundamentalmente uma base comparativa. O presente trabalho foi delineado para estabelecer valores de referência hematológicos e bioquímicos em linhagens camundongos utilizados em pesquisa científica. Foram avaliados o perfil sanguíneo (hemograma, reticulócitos e mielograma) e a determinação bioquímica sérica de proteínas totais, albumina, glicose, colesterol, triglicerídeos, cálcio e fósforo. Foram utilizados camundongos C57BL/6, BALB/c e Swiss Webster, do sexo masculino, 2-3 meses de idade. Os resultados padronizam intervalos de referência em camundongos criados em Biotério, refletindo a condição esperada nesses animais submetidos à investigação científica...

Síndrome metabólica em pacientes atendidos em programa de reabilitação cardíaca / Metabolic syndrome among patients enrolled in a cardiac rehabilitation program

Fundamentos: Síndrome metabólica (SM) constitui importante fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares e, quando associada às cardiopatias, torna-se responsável por alto e crescente número de mortalidade. Objetivo: Estimar a frequência de SM em cardiopatas do Programa de Reabilitação Cardíaca de hospital universitário do Rio de Janeiro. Métodos: Estudo transversal, descritivo, com participantes do programa de Reabilitação Cardíaca,a partir de avaliação antropométrica e laboratorial,utilizando-se para diagnóstico de SM os critérios da International Diabetes Federation, 2005. Resultados: Foram avaliados 40 indivíduos, 26 homens e 14 mulheres, com média de idade 61,1±8,4 anos. De acordo com o índice de massa corporal, 77,5 % apresentavam sobrepeso e obesidade. Os valores médios de circunferência da cintura e relação cintura/altura encontravam-se, em ambos os sexos, superiores ao recomendado. A frequência de SM foi 83,0 %, sendo 77,0 % no sexo masculino e 93,0 % no sexo feminino. Entre os pacientes com diagnóstico de SM, as médias das medidas antropométricas foram significativamente maiores do que entre aqueles sem diagnóstico. Conclusões: Verificou-se elevada frequência de SM nos pacientes submetidos ao programa de RC, alertando para a importância da implementação de ações terapêuticas que visem à reversão da SM em pacientes já cardiopatas.

Background: Metabolic syndrome is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease, resulting in a high (and still rising) mortality rate when associated with cardiopathies. Objective: To estimate the frequency of metabolic syndrome in a Cardiac Rehabilitation Program at auniversity hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study conducted with patients participating in a Cardiac Rehabilitation Program, grounded on anthropometric and laboratory assessments, with metabolic syndrome diagnosed through the criteria established by the International Diabetes Federation, 2005. Results: Forty subjects were assessed (26 men and14 women), with a mean age of 61.1±8.4 years. Based on the Body Mass Index, 77.5% were overweight and obese. The mean waist circumference and waist/height values were higher than recommended for both genders, with the overall prevalence of metabolic syndrome reaching 83.0% (77.0% males and 93.0%females). Among patients diagnosed with metabolic syndrome, the mean anthropometric measurements were significantly larger than among those without this diagnosis. Conclusions: A high frequency of metabolic syndrome was found among patients in a Cardiac Rehabilitation Program, underscoring the importance of implementing therapeutic actions aimed at reversing metabolic syndrome among patients with heart disease.

Prevalência de Síndrome metabólica em mulheres climatéricas / Prevalence of metabolic Syndrome in menopausal women

Fundamentos: Apesar da importância da síndrome metabólica no contexto das doenças metabólicas e cardiovasculares, tanto a sua prevalência como demais características epidemiológicas ainda são pouco conhecidas no climatério. Objetivos: Identificar a presença de síndrome metabólica em mulheres no climatério e correlacionar com os fatores sociodemográficos, clínicos e antropométricos. Métodos: Estudo transversal e descritivo com 85 mulheres climatéricas, realizado no período de maio a junho 2013 no Núcleo de Atenção à Saúde e de Práticas Profissionalizantes (NASPP) das Faculdades Integradas Pitágoras (FIPMoc). Foi avaliada a presença de síndrome metabólica (SM) segundo os critérios da International Diabetes Federation (IDF) e análise sanguínea laboratorial. Para a avaliação dos dados sociodemográficos e clínicos aplicou-se um questionário. Os dados antropométricos foram avaliados pelo índice de massa corpórea (IMC) e pela circunferência abdominal (CA). Realizada análise descritiva dos dados, expressos em médias e porcentagens; utilizados os testes binominal e de Spearman para a correlação das variáveis, considerando-se o nível de significância de 5 %. Resultados: SM foi encontrada em 50,6 % das mulheres. Os componentes mais frequentes foram: HDL-colesterol baixo (61,2 %) e circunferência abdominal elevada (85,9 %). Os outros fatores determinantes da síndrome, isoladamente, não foram significativos, porém a SM apresentou correlação moderada com os fatores determinantes.

Background: Despite the importance of metabolic syndrome in the context of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, its prevalence during the climacteric and other epidemiological characteristics are still little known.Objectives: To identify the presence of metabolic syndrome in menopausal women, correlated with socio-demographic, clinical and anthropometric factors.Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study of 85 menopausal women conducted in May-June 2013 at the Center for Health Care and Vocational Practice (NASPP), Faculdades Integradas Pitágoras college (FIPMoc). The presence of metabolic syndrome (MS) was assessed in compliance with the criteria established by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and laboratory blood analyses, using a questionnaire to assess socio-demographic and clinical data. Anthropometric data were assessed by Body Mass Index (BMI) and Waist Circumference (WC). A descriptive analysis of the data was performed, expressed as means and percentages, using the binomial and Spearman tests to correlate the variables, with a significance level of 5%.Results: MS was found in 50.6% of the women, with the most common components being low HDL cholesterol (61.2%) and large waist circumference (85.9%). The other syndrome determinants were not significant individually, although MS showed moderate correlation with the determinants.

comparison of pioglitazone with metformin in management of type 2 diabetes mellitus

To compare hypoglycemic effect of Pioglitazone and Metformin in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Quasi experimental study. Department of Medicine, Military Hospital Rawalpindi Cantt from 11-01-2007 to 12-08-2007. Sixty patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus from outdoor department were selected. On arrival at OPD each patient was examined thoroughly. Therapeutic option was allocated to the patients simply by using a table of random numbers and dividing them in two equal groups. Informed written consent was obtained. Each patient was followed on monthly subsequent visits [six in total] and his HbA1c, fasting and random blood glucose were recorded carefully. All the data thus obtained was processed and analyzed using SPSS version 10.0. Mean and SD were calculated for age, BMI, fasting blood glucose, random blood glucose and HbA1c levels. Mean drop of all three parameters were compared among two groups. At the end of six months, it was revealed that fasting and random [2 hours postprandial] blood glucose dropped more in Pioglitazone group; P=0.000 and 0.02 respectively. While almost comparable effect was observed in HbA1c [P=0.2]. Pioglitazone has significantly better hypoglycemic effect than Metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus at the end of six months therapy

Comparison of the impaired fasting blood glucose in young healthy individuals with diabetic and non-diabetic first degree relatives

To compare the fasting blood glucose [FBG] level in the healthy young individuals with diabetic first degree relatives considered as high risk and non-diabetic first degree relative considered as low risk. Cross-sectional, comparative study. Department of Medicine, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital, Hyderabad/Jamshoro, from January to November 2008. Individuals aged between 20-40 years were selected and divided into two groups. Group A was considered as high risk included non-diabetic young offspring's of type-2 diabetic parents. Group B was considered as low risk non-diabetic offsprings of non-diabetic family [control group], of same age and gender. Fasting blood glucose levels were measured in each individual. Exclusion criteria were known diabetes and pregnancy. Mean glucose levels were compared using t-test. Proportions of impaired glucose level versus positive family history were compared using chi-square test. Significance was considered at p < 0.05. There were a total of 500 subjects including 250 in each group with equal gender distribution in each group. The mean age was 27.46 +/- 5.71 years. Mean FBG was 87.4 +/- 13.82 mg/dl in group A and 77.7 +/- 15.18 mg/dl in group B [p=0.001]. Twenty five [10%] in group A and five [2%] in group B individuals showed impaired fasting blood glucose [p=0.001]. Impairment of fasting blood glucose was with family history of type-2 Diabetes mellitus in comparison to those without type-2 Diabetes mellitus

[Comparative evaluation of fasting plasma glucose and one hour 50-G glucose challenge test in screening gestational diabetes mellitus]

Gestational diabetes is one of the most common metabolic disorders during pregnancy. In order to find out a simple and cost effective method with acceptable sensitivity and specificity, fasting plasma glucose [FPG] and one hour 50-g glucose challenge test [OGCT] were compared in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM]. In this prospective cohort study, 1804 pregnant women without preexisting diabetes underwent FPG and OGCT tests between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation. If the OGCT threshold values exceeded >/= 130 mg/dl, the 100g oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT] was performed using Carpenter and Coustan criteria. Receiver operating characteristic [ROC] analysis was used to evaluate the performance of the two tests. GDM was diagnosed in 7.3% and impaired glucose tolerance in 3.2%. The best cut-off points for GCT and FPG were 134mg/dl [sensitivity: 99.24%, specificity: 76.57%] and 87mg/dl [sensitivity: 80.15%, specificity: 85.62%]. By using GCT, an optimal cut-off values of GCT<135mg/dl [sensitivity: 96.95%] to rule out GDM; and values >/= 165mg/dl [specifity: 96.10%] to rule in GDM, would eliminate the need for the OGTT in 80.1% women [misclassification rate: 3.83%]. By using FPG, an optimal cut-off values of <76mg/dl [sensitivity: 95.42%] to rule out GDM; and values >/= 91mg/dl [specifity: 95.56%] to rule in GDM, would eliminate the need for the OGTT in 51% women [misclassification rate: 4.43%]. The results showed that the best test for predicting macrosomia, preterm delivery and caesarian section is OGCT; and for preeclampsia and respiratory distress is FPG. As OGCT can decrease the necessity of OGTT performance with lower misclassification rate comparing to FPG, OGCT would be the best screening test for GDM in Iran

[Hypoglycemic effects of Achillea Wilhelmsii in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats]

Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome, initially characterized by a loss of glucose homeostasis resulting from defects in Insulin secretion, insulin action both is resulting in impaired metabolism of glucose and other energy yielding fuels as lipids and protein. Several medicinal herbs have been described with hypoglycemic effects. These include: Allium Sativum, Trigonella Foenum, Marus nigra, Ocimum Sanctum, and Astragalus Ovinus. The main purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of Achillea Wilhelmsii C. Koch on blood glucose levels of diabetic rats induced by stereptozotocine [STZ]. In this experimental research, forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into two groups: non-diabetic [normal] and STZ-induced diabetic mice. Each group was further divided into four groups: control [induced by normal saline] and treatment received 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg for one month. The blood glucose level was measured and Data were analyzed by t- test and ANOVA. At the end of first month, significant decrease was observed in blood glucose level in diabetic rats which received 100 mg/kg [p<0/001], 200 mg/kg [p<0/01], 300 mg/kg [p<0/001] of aqueous alcoholic extract of Achillea Wilhelmsii c. Koch in comparison with control groups. The extract had not have any significant effects on the blood glucose level of normal groups except in those which received 300mg/kg of the extract. The results of this study showed that aqueous-alcoholic extract of Achillea Wilhelmsii C. Koch have a significant effect on reducing the blood glucose level of diabetic rats

Trigléciridos pospandriales y su relación con las enfermedades cardiovasculares / postpandrial triglyceride and their relation with the cardiovascular diseases

El estado pospandrial constituye la condición metabólica habitual en la que se encuentra el ser humani diariamente. Algunos sujetos presentan aumento de los triglicéridos totales y de las lipoproteíneas ricas en trigléceridos totales y de las lipoproteínas ricas en triglicéridos definiéndose como hiperlipemica pospandrial, generando incrementos del estrés oxidativo, inflamación y disfunción vascular, además está asociada con el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular, que en los últimos años se ha convertido en la principal causa de muerte en todo el mundo. El objetivo del esudio fue evaluar la relación entre los niveles de triglicéridos pospandriales de sujetos cardiópatas y accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) con sujetos aparentemente sanos. Se estudiaron 56 sujetos de los cuales 32 eran aparentemente sanos (clasificados según sus resultados de triglicéridos pospandriales en intolerantes a las grasas y tolerancia normal a las grasas), 11 con diagnóstico de cardiopatía y 13 con diagnóstico de ACV. A cada paciente se les realizó un extracción de sangre basal con 14 horas de ayuno, posteriormente se les suministró un desayuno de aproximadamente 24 gr de grasa (una empanada de queso y un café). Se tomó muestras para el estudio de los niveles de triglicéridos (basal y pospandrial 2 y 4 horas), colesterol total y sus fracciones, apolipoproteina A1 y B-100, fibrinógeno y proteína C reactiva ultrasensible. Se realizó TBARS para estimar los niveles de oxidación de las LDL y la prueba de afinidd de las LDL a proteoglicanos. Mediante ecodoppler se evaluó el complejo miointimal carotideo. Los pacientes cardiópatas e intolerantes a las grasas tuvieron niveles de triglicéridos por encima de los valores de referencia a las 2 y 4 horas después de comer (p<0,001). Las LDL del grupo de cardiópatas y ACV presentaron mayor afinidad a proteoglicanos y mayor oxidación que las LDL del grupo intolerante y normal (p<0,001)...

The postpandrial nonfasting state is the usual metabolic condition in the human. Some individuals had increased total triglycerides and triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, defined as postprandial hyperlipidemia, generatin an increase in oxidative stress, inflammation and vascular dysfunction also is associated with cardiovascular disease risk, which in recent years has become the leading cause of death worldwide. Aim: Evaluate the realtionship between postpandrial triglyceride levels of subjects with heart disease and stroke with apparently halthy subjects. We studied 56 subjects of whom 32 were apparently healthy (classified according to their results of postprandial triglyceride in fat intolerant and normal tolerance to fat), 11 have diagnosis of heart disease and 13 with diagnosis of stroke. From every patient, we withdrew blood after 14 hours of fasting as baseline, then were given a breakfast of about 24gr of fat (a typical venezuelan breakfast, which consisted in a cheese emapana and coffe). Samples were taken at basal time and 2 and 4 hours postpandrial o measure levels of triglicerides and also measure total cholesterol and its fractions, apolipoprotein A1 and B-100, fibrinogen and C-reactive protein. TBARS was performed to estimate the levels of LDL oxidation and proof affinity of LDL to proteoglycans. To evaluate the myointimal carotid complex we used a duplex Doppler echo. Patients with hearth disease and intolerance to fat had triglyceride levels above baseline values at 2 and 4 hours after eating (p<0.001). The level of LDL in the group of heart disease and stroke had higher affinity for proteoglycans and increased LDL oxidation than intolerant and normal group (p<0.001). The ratio Chol / HDL and LDL / HDL was higher in the intolerant and heart disease, indicating a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The postprandial triclyceride measurement seems to be a better predictor of cardiovascular risk than measurement levels of triclyceride in...

Performance Characteristics of Glycated Albumin and Its Clinical Usefulness in Diabetic Patients on Hemodialysis / 대한진단검사의학회지

BACKGROUND: The HbA1c has been considered to underestimate glucose level in diabetic patients on hemodialysis, therefore, glycated albumin (GA) was recently introduced to assess the glycemic control for those cases. We evaluated the performance of GA assay kit of Lucica GA-L (Asahi Kasei Pharma Co., Japan) and compare it with HbA1c for estimating glucose levels. METHODS: Tests for precision, linearity and interference were performed and reference interval was determined. Thirty eight of non-hemodialysis and seventy of hemodialysis patients were recruited, whose glucose levels of three-, two- and one-month prior to this study were available for calculating weighted means of glucose (WMGs). The correlation coefficients and the slopes of regression equation between WMG and HbA1c or GA were compared between two groups. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to determine significant predictor for HbA1c and GA. RESULTS: Total CV was 2.2% at concentration of 13.7% and 2.8% at 24.6%. The dilution curve between 15.7% and 62.1% was linear. Reference intervals were 10.0% to 16.5% for male and 11.4% to 17.6% for female. The correlation coefficients between WMG and GA were 0.682-0.713 in hemodialysis and 0.640-0.677 in non-hemodialysis. Those between WMG and HbA1c were 0.568-0.625 in hemodialysis and 0.735-0.783 in non-hemodialysis. The slopes of regression equation between GA and WMG in hemodialysis were 0.080-0.090 and 0.130-0.147 in non-hemodialysis. Those between HbA1c and WMG in hemodialysis were 0.012-0.014 and 0.029-0.032 in non-hemodialysis. GA was not influenced by hemodialysis status while HbA1c was. CONCLUSIONS: The claimed performance characteristic of Lucica GA-L were verified. WMG were better reflected by GA rather than HbA1c in patients on hemodialysis.

Impact of patient satisfaction with health care on glycaemic control among diabetic patients

Patient satisfaction with medical care is an important factor affecting treatment outcome in a chronic disease like diabetes mellitus. This study was formulated to detect the impact of patient satisfaction on glycaemic control among diabetic patients. The cross-sectional design was selected. A sample size of 526 diabetic patients was selected from a diabetes clinic to reveal the impact of patient satisfaction on fasting blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin A1c. The structured interview technique was adopted to collect both socio-demographic and clinical data of diabetic patients in addition to a fasting blood sample. The overall satisfaction and communication domains have the highest satisfaction mean scores [14.27 +/- 1.878 and 13.65 +/- 1.476], while accessibility and waiting time domains have the lowest satisfaction scores [8.97 +/- 2.059 and 8.99 +/- 1.387]. Diabetics with higher total satisfaction score were practicing regular periodic check up [82.37 +/- 7.027 compared with 78.63 +/- 7.538, P < 0.001], diet control [82.55 +/- 6.632 compared with 80.88 +/- 7.596, P = 0.0113] and were adherent to treatment regimen [81.96 +/- 7.072 compared with 77.92 +/- 8.068, P < 0.001]. Diabetic patients achieving the targeted level of either fasting blood glucose [83.35 +/- 6.777 compared with 80.72 +/- 7.418, P <0.001] or HbA1c [85.66 +/- 5.211 compared with 80.48 +/- 7.415, P < 0.001] had a significantly higher total satisfaction score than those not achieving the targeted levels. Satisfied diabetics with administered health services were more adherent to healthy practices and had a better control on HbA1c the long term component of glycaemic control

[High prevalence of diabetes and abnormal glucose tolerance in urban Iranians aged over 20 years: determining an effective screening strategy for un-diagnosed diabetes]

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalences of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus, impaired fasting glucose [IFG], impaired glucose tolerance [IGT], and combined IFG/IGT and to develop an effective screening strategy for undiagnosed diabetes in a large urban Iranian community. The study population included 9,519 participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, aged > 20 years, with full relevant clinical data. Age-standardized prevalence of diabetes and glucose intolerance categories were reported according to the 2003 American Diabetes Association definitions. The numbers needed to screen [NNTS] to find one person with undiagnosed diabetes were estimated from age-adjusted logistic regression models. The prevalences of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes, isolated IFG, isolated IGT, and combined IFG/IGT were 8.1%, 5.1%, 8.7%, 5.4% and 4.0% in men and 10%, 4.7%, 6.3%, 7.6%, and 4.5% in women respectively. Un-diagnosed diabetes was associated with family history of diabetes, increased body mass index [BMI >/= 25 kg/m2], abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension and low HDL-C levels. Among men, a combination of increased BMI, hypertension, and family history of diabetes led to an NNTS of 1.6 [95%CI: 1.57-1.71] and among women a combination of family history of diabetes and abdominal obesity, yielded an NNTS of 2.2 [95%CI: 2.1-2.4]. Approximately 32% of Tehranian adults had either diabetes or some degree of other glucose tolerance abnormalities. Nearly 40% of total cases with diabetes were undiagnosed. Screening individuals with family history of diabetes, BMI25 kg/m2, abdominal obesity and hypertension may have substantial advantages

[Comparing the glycemic index and some nutrient contents of two types of imported rice with a domestic rice]

Carbohydrate contents of different foods may have different effects on postprandial blood glucose. This study was done to measure and compare glycemic indices and some nutrients in three types of rices. This study was conducted to compare the glycemic effects of 50g carbohydrate in the Basmati, Kazemi and Sorna Perl types of rice in normal subjects. Thirty healthy subjects [13 male and 17 female], aged between 20-40 years, were selected, and were evaluated 4 times at 1 week intervals. On the first day, all subjects consumed 50 gram glucose; they were then divided into 3 groups. Each group consumed one of the 3 rice types, with 50g carbohydrate content each week. Blood samples were collected before and at 15,30,60 and 120 minutes, after taking glucose and rice. At the end of the experiment, all subjects received all three kinds of rice and the Gl was calculated for each rice as the ratio of the incremental area under the 3- hour glycemic response curve to rice, to the incremental area under the 3- hour glycemic response curve to sugar. The glycemic indices of Sorna Pearl, Kasemin and Basmati were 52/2 +/- 5/1, 67/6 +/- 13 and 61/2 +/- 6/1 respectively, the Gl of Sorna peri being lower than the others [p<0/05]. Maximum changes of blood sugar for Sorna Perl, Kasemi and Basmati were 21/8112, 27/4 +/- 6 and 31/7 +/- 5/9 mg/dl respectively. The results of this study indicate that in healthy of the 3 types of rice consumed subjects Sorna Perl had the lowest Gl and GL

[Comparison between diabetes incidence using different cut points of IFG: Tehran lipid glucose study [TLGS]]

In 2003, the American diabetes Association [ADA] recommended that the definition for a cut off of impaired fasting glucose [IFG] should be changed to 100-125 mg/dl. This study has examined the effect of different cut points for IFG on diabetes incidence in Tehran's urban population. A total of 4929 [non-diabetic adults], aged 20-86 years, participants of the Tehran Lipid Glucose Study, were followed for diabetes incidence [based on FBS and glucose tolerance tests] for 3.5 years and were divided into various groups, normoglycemia < 100, original IFG 110-125, added IFG 100-110 and new IFG 100-125 mg/dL. Odds ratio for diabetic incidence after adjustment for confounding factors with logistic regression model was measured. The mean ages were 42.9 +/- 13.7 [minimum 20 and maximum 86 years old]; 59.1% of participants were female [n= 2916]. Prevalences of original IFG, added IFG and new IFG were 3.7% [n=183], 11.8% [n= 584], 15.5% [n= 767] respectively. At the end of study, 188 cases [3.8%] were diabetic. Incidence of diabetes in the normoglycemia, original IFG, added IFG and new IFG groups were 1.8% [n= 76], 26.2% [n= 48], 11% [n= 64], and 14.6% [n= 112] respectively. Odds ratios for diabetes incidence after adjustment for age/sex and confounding factors compared with normglycemia, diabetes incidence were 11.4 [7.4-17.6], 4.7 [3.3-6.8], 6.3 [4.5-8.5] for original IFG, added IFG, and new IFG respectively. The new IFG definition does not appear to have enhanced ability to predict diabetes incidence compared to the original IFG definition

Avaliaçäo hormonal, bioquímica e citológica em mulheres com idade entre 40 e 55 anos, sem reposiçäo hormonal, no interior de Pernambuco - Brasil / Hormonal, biochemical and cytological evaluation of women between 40 aand 55 years old, withouuut hormonal replacement therapy, in the rural area of the state of Pernambuco - Brazil

O climatério é marcado por mudanças somáticas e psíquicas. Costuma iniciar numa faixa etária que vai de 40 a 55 anos de idade. Este estudo analisou cinqüenta mulheres (n=50) que näo faziam uso de reposiçäo hormonal e medicaçäo para cardiopatias, residentes no interior de Pernambuco - Brasil. Foram realizadas dosagens bioquímicas no sangue com os seguintes resultados: glicose - 86,7 porcento das mulheres eram normoglicêmicas e 13,3 porcento hiperglicêmicas, com média de 102,43 mg/dl. Transaminase (TGP) com média de 16,38 unidade F.R./ml, 97,8 porcento com níveis normais. O colesterol total apresentou média igual a 222,3 mg/dl. 77,8 porcento das mulheres se apresentaram hipercolesterolêmicas. Na avaliaçäo hormonal a dosagem de estradiol e progesterona foi realizada dividindo a amostra estudada em três grupos: A, B e C. O grupo A, formado por mulheres com ciclos menstruais normais (n=31), utilizado como controle, apresentou 90,32 porcento com níveis normais de estradiol. O grupo B, composto por mulheres com ciclos irregulares (n=6) onde 100 porcento das pacientes estavam dentro da normalidade para esta fase. O grupo C, representado por mulheres menopausadas (n=13), acima de doze meses de amenorréia, 69,23 porcento apresentaram níveis dentro do esperado e 30,77 porcento acima. A média do nível de estradiol foi 58,12 pg/ml (p<0,00174). Na determinaçäo da progesterona, o grupo A obteve 100 porcento das pacientes apresentando níveis dentro da normalidade. O grupo B também 100 porcento dentro da normalidade. No grupo C, 84,62 porcento estavam dentro da normalidade para a faixa etária e 15,38 porcento com níveis acima do esperado. A média geral foi 4,11 ng/ml. Na citologia foram encontrado 68,9 porcento dos esfregaços normotróficos, 24,4 porcento hipotróficos e 6,7 porcento säo atróficos. As mulheres menopausadas apresentaram um grande percentual de normotrofismo apesar de mostrarem baixos os níveis de estradiol. Os níveis de progesterona sofreram um decréscimo significativo porém sem alterar o trofismo cérvico-vaginal, mostrando que näo existe uma correlaçäo direta. Os resultados sugerem que a reposiçäo hormonal deve ser bastante criteriosa e estudada caso a caso, levando em grande consideraçäo os níveis de estradiol e progesterona e o padräo de trofismo cérvico-vaginal

Crescimento de crianças diabéticas em controle ambulatórial em hospital universitário / Growth of children with diabetes controlled in Outpatients University Hospital

Com o objetivo de estudar o crescimento de pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) acompanhados no Ambulatório da Disciplina de Diabetes do Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto - UERJ, foram avaliados, em corte transversal, 34 crianças e adolescentes com média (+DP) de 12+3,7 anos de idade, sendo 19 do sexo masculino. A idade de início do DM1 era de 7,8+4,1 anos e a duração da doença 4,2+3,1 anos. A mediana (variação) da relação altura para idade representada por unidades de desvio-padrão, escore Z, (Z A/I), foi de -0,05 (-1,8 a 1,1). Apenas 8,8 por cento e 20,6 por cento do grupo tiveram Z A/I menores que -1,5 e -1, respectivamente. O Z A/I mostrou-se significativamente diferente entre os subgrupos de <5 anos (SG1) e de >5 anos de doença (SG2), sendo, respectivamente: 0,26 (-1,47 a 1,10) e -0,77 (-1,88 a 0,73); p=0,03, SG1 e SG2 diferem também na idade de início do DM1 que é maior nos pacientes do SG1, respectivamente: 9,2+3,9 anos e 5,2+3,3 anos; p=0,01). Houve correlação negativa do A A/I com o tempo de doença no grupo geral (r=-0,47; p<0,01). Quando o grupo foi subdividido por índice de hemoglobina glicada (hemoglobina glicada / máximo valor da normalidade) em controle adequado (>-1,33) e não adequado (>=1,33), observamos diferença do Z A/I entre grupos, respectivamente: 0,29 (-1,69 a 0,85) e 0,43 (-1,88 a 1,10); p=0,02. A mediana do escore Z para peso em relação à idade (Z P/I) foi de 0,04 (-1,64 a 1,53). Apenas dois pacientes tiveram seus índices de massa corporal no percentil 85. Em conclusão, os escores de desvio padrão de altura para idade dos pacientes em controle ambulatorial, com tratamento convencional, mostraram correlação com o tempo de doença, sendo mais comprometidos nos pacientes com maior tempo de doença e controle glicêmico não adequado.

Avaliaçäo da dosagem da glicemia em jejum, como exame laboratorial de rotina na clínica odontológica universitária / Evaluation of fasting plasma glucose as routine laboratory exam at dental school clinics

Com o objetivo de verificar se a dosagem da glicemia em jejum deve ser requisitada de forma rotineira aos pacientes inscritos nas clínicas da Faculdades de odontologia, foram estudados 435 pacientes da clínica odontológica da Universidade de Santo Amaro. Comparando-se os resultados dos exames laboratoriais com os prontuários elaborados pelos alunos, observou-se um elevado número de pacientes que; embora apresentassem exames alterados, näo possuíam, em seus prontuários, indícios que justificassem tal alteraçäo...

Hipertensión arterial, obesidad y herencia en la ocurrencia de la diabetes mellitus no dependiente de insulina / Arterial hypertension, obesity and family history in non-insuline dependent diabetes mellitus

Recientemente se ha postulado la existencia de un síndrome de resistencia a la insulina caracterizado, entre otros eventos, por diabetes mellitus no dependiente de insulina (DMNDI), obesidad, hipertensión arterial, cardiopatía isquémica y dislipidemia. Para estudiar la asociación existente entre DMNDI, cardiopatía isquémica y dislipidemia, obesidad, hipertensión arterial entre éstos y los antecedentes familiares de diabetes se realizó un estudio transversal con los registros del programa de detección oportuna de diabetes de la Unidad de Medicina Familiar No. 21 del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Se estudiaron 26,069 pacientes. Los hipertensos tuvieron dos veces mayor riesgo de padecer DMNDI (Razón de momio (RM) 2.1; IC 95 por ciento 1.4-3.3) similar a lo observado en los obesos (RM 1.6;IC 95 por ciento 1.0-2.8), y en aquéllos con historia familiar de diabetes (RM 1.8;IC 95 por ciento 1.2-2.7). La DMNDI es muy frecuente en la población mexicana, probablemente por una mayor predisposición genética al síndrome de resistencia a la insulina