Desenvolvimento e avaliação de infográfico animado: medicação segura em saúde da criança / Development and assessment of animated infographic: safe medication for children's health

Resumo Objetivo Desenvolver e avaliar um infográfico animado como recurso didático para o ensino de medicação segura em saúde da criança. Métodos Trata-se de estudo metodológico composto pela criação de um infográfico animado sobre medicação segura em saúde da criança para estudantes do ensino superior de enfermagem. O desenvolvimento desta tecnologia digital educacional seguiu quatro etapas: planejamento, produção, implementação e avaliação. O critério para avaliação foi concordância superior a 90%, analisada por meio do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo.Resultados: A versão final do infográfico animado possui 37 telas, as quais apresentam as metas do 3º Desafio da Organização Mundial de Saúde, os eventos adversos, fatores de risco do público-alvo e, por fim, as recomendações sobre boas práticas na administração segura de medicamentos em saúde da criança. O infográfico foi avaliado por 13 especialistas e obteve-se concordância entre todos os itens superior a 90%. Conclusão O infográfico animado foi considerado um recurso educacional válido, que poderá favorecer o processo de ensino aprendizagem de estudantes de enfermagem no que tange à conduta de boas práticas na administração de medicação na área da saúde da criança.

Resumen Objetivo Desarrollar y evaluar un infográfico animado como recurso didáctico para la enseñanza de medicación segura para la salud de los niños. Métodos Se trata de estudio metodológico compuesto por la creación de un infográfico animado sobre medicación segura para la salud del niño para estudiantes de la enseñanza superior en enfermería. El desarrollo de esta tecnología digital educativa siguió cuatro etapas: planificación, producción, implementación y evaluación. El criterio para la evaluación fue la coincidencia superior al 90 %, analizada por medio del Índice de Validez de Contenido.Resultados: La versión final del infográfico animado cuenta con 37 pantallas que presentan las metas del 3er Desafío de la Organización Mundial de Salud, los eventos adversos, factores de riesgo del público destinatario y, por fin, las recomendaciones sobre buenas prácticas en la administración segura de medicamentos para la salud para los niños. El infográfico fue evaluado por 13 especialistas y se obtuvo la coincidencia entre todos los ítems superior al 90 %. Conclusión El infográfico animado fue considerado como un recurso educativo válido, que podrá favorecer el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de estudiantes de enfermería en lo que se refiere a la conducta de buenas prácticas en la administración de medicación en el área de la salud de los niños.

Abstract Objective To develop and assess an animated infographic as a teaching resource for teaching safe medication in children's health. Methods This is a methodological study consisting of the creation of an animated infographic about safe medication in children's health for students in higher education in nursing. The development of this digital educational technology followed four stages: planning, production, implementation and assessment. The criterion for assessment was greater than 90% agreement, analyzed using the Content Validity Index. Results The final version has 37 screens, which present the goals of the 3rdChallenge of the World Health Organization, adverse events, risk factors for the target audience and, finally, recommendations on good practices in safe medication administration in children's health. The infographic was assessed by 13 experts and there was an agreement between all items greater than 90%. Conclusion The animated infographic was considered a valid educational resource, which could favor the teaching-learning process of nursing students regarding the conduct of good practices in medication administration in children's health.

Covid-19 knowledge graphs in Health Communication and Information / Gráficos de conhecimento para Covid-19 em Comunicação e Informação sobre Saúde / Gráficos de conocimiento Covid-19 en Comunicación e Información de Salud

This commentary discusses recent developments in 'knowledge graph' technology over the course of the Covid-19 pandemic. Recently experiencing a surge in popularity, knowledge graphs are technologies that assist with data integration through structured metadata modeling. Researchers tag and collate vast amounts of diverse data using knowledge graphs, yet problems related to semantic drift and more salient issues related to the political economy of information and communication technologies persist. Researchers should anticipate that the semantics of these Covid-19 knowledge graphs can change over time. Equally important, researchers should also consider all stakeholders involved, including those stakeholders that might be excluded.

Este comentário discute desenvolvimentos recentes na tecnologia de 'gráficos de conhecimento' durante o curso da pandemia de Covid-19. Gráficos de conhecimento, que vêm tendo um aumento de popularidade, são tecnologias que auxiliam com a integração de dados através de modelamento estruturado de metadados. Pesquisadores rotulam e agregam vastas quantidades de dados diversos usando gráficos de conhecimento, entretanto persistem problemas relacionados a variações semânticas e questões mais salientes relacionadas à economia política de tecnologias de informação e comunicação. Os pesquisadores devem prever que a semântica desses gráficos de conhecimento para Covid-19 pode variar com o tempo. Igualmente importante, os pesquisadores devem também considerar todas as partes interessadas envolvidas, incluindo as que poderiam ser excluídas.

Este ejemplo analiza los desarrollos recientes en la tecnología de 'gráficos de conocimiento' durante la pandemia de Covid-19. Recientemente experimentando un aumento en popularidad, los gráficos de conocimiento son tecnologías que ayudan a la integración de datos a través del modelado de metadatos estructurados. Los investigadores etiquetan y recopilan grandes cantidades de datos diversos utilizando gráficos de conocimiento, pero persisten los problemas relacionados con la deriva semántica y cuestiones más importantes relacionadas con la economía política de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. Los investigadores deben prever que la semántica de estos gráficos de conocimiento de Covid-19 puede cambiar con el tiempo. También es importante que los investigadores consideren a todas las partes interesadas involucradas, incluso las que podrían quedar excluidas.

Spine Surgery Using Augmented Reality

STUDY DESIGN: Review article. OBJECTIVES: To present the latest knowledge on spine surgery using augmented reality (AR). SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: AR is a new technology that simulates interactions with real-world surroundings using computer graphics, and it is a field that has recently been highlighted as part of the fourth industrial revolution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Review of related literature and introduction of latest research. RESULTS: Spine surgery using AR is currently in its early stages. If industry, academia, and research institutes cooperate and develop, spine surgery using AR is highly likely to develop to the next level. CONCLUSIONS: Spine surgeons should strive to develop relevant technology.

From papyrus leaves to bioprinting and virtual reality: history and innovation in anatomy / 대한해부학회지

The human quest to master the anatomy and physiology of living systems started as early as 1600 BC, with documents from the Greeks, Indians, and Romans presenting the earliest systematic studies and advances. Following the fall of the Roman Empire, the progress slowed until the Renaissance renewed scientific interest in anatomy and physiology, ushering in an era of spectacular advances. Alongside the discoveries of modern science, innovations in media such as printing, photography and color reproduction, improved the accuracy of communicating science. Techniques for noninvasively viewing the human body, such as magnetic resonance imaging, opened up new ways of exploring and understanding anatomy, physiology, and disease pathogenesis. Advances in three-dimensional (3D)-technologies, including computer graphics and animation are directly linked to many advances in medicine and surgery. Anatomy education has come a long way from papyrus leaf inscriptions to computerized 3D modeling, holographic representation, and virtual reality-based software. The future presents unlimited options for studying and understanding anatomy as Google glasses, bioprinting, virtual reality, and allied technologies transform the world into a classroom. This review summarizes the journey of mankind to master anatomy and physiology.

Medição das mamas com o Adobe Photoshop® / Breast measurement using Adobe Photoshop®

Introdução: Com a globalização e melhora dos meios digitais e, consequentemente, a crescente utilização de fotografias digitais, faz-se necessária a criação de métodos de mensuração confiáveis. Na prática clínica, a medida direta utilizando-se fita métrica, régua e compasso é mais comumente utilizada. Porém, existem fatores intrínsecos (relevos corporais) e extrínsecos (colaboração do paciente ou movimentos respiratórios) que podem influenciar nos dados obtidos. A fotografia e os softwares gráficos podem ser uma alternativa precisa, mais cômoda e reprodutível à medida direta. O objetivo é demonstrar a forma de medir as mamas pelo software Adobe Photoshop. Métodos: Foram descritas a posição das voluntárias, a captação das imagens, calibração do software até a obtenção mensuração final das mamas. Em 40 mulheres voluntárias, com idade entre 18 e 60 anos, foram demarcados pontos sobre a região mamária e braços em posição frontal. A união destes pontos em cada hemicorpo formou 7 segmentos lineares, 1 angular e 1 segmento mediano comum a ambos os hemicorpos. Essas fotografias foram avaliadas no arquivo RAW, por 3 observadores, com auxílio do software Adobe Photoshop CS6®. Resultados: O Photoshop CS6® demonstrou ser eficaz na mensuração das mamas no arquivo RAW. Conclusão: O Photoshop® apresentou precisão nas medidas e ser factível para mensuração das mamas.

Introduction: With the globalization and improvement of digital media and, consequently, the increasing use of digital photography, it is necessary to create reliable measurement methods. In clinical practice, direct measurement using tape measure, ruler, and compass, is most commonly used. However, there are intrinsic (body contour) and extrinsic (patient collaboration or respiratory movements) factors that may influence the data obtained. Photography and graphics software can be an accurate, comfortable, and reproducible alternative to direct measurement. The objective is to demonstrate how to perform breast measurement using Adobe Photoshop software. Methods: Participants were described the position to assume. Imaging capturing techniques and software calibration were performed in order to obtain the final breast measurement. Markers were placed on the breast and arms of 40 women volunteers aged 18 to 60 years using an anterior view. The union of these markers in each hemibody resulted in seven linear segments, one angle and one transverse segment common to both hemibodies. These photographs were evaluated as a RAW file, by 3 evaluators, assisted by Adobe Photoshop CS6® software. Results: Photoshop CS6® proved effective in the breast measurement using RAW files. Conclusion: Photoshop® showed precision and effectiveness for breast measurement.

AncestryPainter: A Graphic Program for Displaying Ancestry Composition of Populations and Individuals / 基因组蛋白质组与生物信息学报·英文版

Ancestry composition of populations and individuals has been extensively investigated in recent years due to advances in the genotyping and sequencing technologies. As the number of populations and individuals used for ancestry inference increases remarkably, say more than 100 populations or 1000 individuals, it is usually challenging to present the ancestry composition in a traditional way using a rectangular graph. To address this issue, we developed a program, AncestryPainter, which can illustrate the ancestry composition of populations and individuals with a rounded and nice-looking graph to save space. Individuals are depicted as length-fixed bars partitioned into colored segments representing different ancestries, and the population of interest can be highlighted as a pie chart in the center of the circle plot. In addition, AncestryPainter can also be applied to display personal ancestry in a way similar to that for displaying population ancestry. AncestryPainter is publicly available at http://www.picb.ac.cn/PGG/resource.php.

GITAR: An Open Source Tool for Analysis and Visualization of Hi-C Data / 基因组蛋白质组与生物信息学报·英文版

Interactions between chromatin segments play a large role in functional genomic assays and developments in genomic interaction detection methods have shown interacting topological domains within the genome. Among these methods, Hi-C plays a key role. Here, we present the Genome Interaction Tools and Resources (GITAR), a software to perform a comprehensive Hi-C data analysis, including data preprocessing, normalization, and visualization, as well as analysis of topologically-associated domains (TADs). GITAR is composed of two main modules: (1) HiCtool, a Python library to process and visualize Hi-C data, including TAD analysis; and (2) processed data library, a large collection of human and mouse datasets processed using HiCtool. HiCtool leads the user step-by-step through a pipeline, which goes from the raw Hi-C data to the computation, visualization, and optimized storage of intra-chromosomal contact matrices and TAD coordinates. A large collection of standardized processed data allows the users to compare different datasets in a consistent way, while saving time to obtain data for visualization or additional analyses. More importantly, GITAR enables users without any programming or bioinformatic expertise to work with Hi-C data. GITAR is publicly available at http://genomegitar.org as an open-source software.

VASC: Dimension Reduction and Visualization of Single-cell RNA-seq Data by Deep Variational Autoencoder / 基因组蛋白质组与生物信息学报·英文版

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a powerful technique to analyze the transcriptomic heterogeneities at the single cell level. It is an important step for studying cell sub-populations and lineages, with an effective low-dimensional representation and visualization of the original scRNA-Seq data. At the single cell level, the transcriptional fluctuations are much larger than the average of a cell population, and the low amount of RNA transcripts will increase the rate of technical dropout events. Therefore, scRNA-seq data are much noisier than traditional bulk RNA-seq data. In this study, we proposed the deep variational autoencoder for scRNA-seq data (VASC), a deep multi-layer generative model, for the unsupervised dimension reduction and visualization of scRNA-seq data. VASC can explicitly model the dropout events and find the nonlinear hierarchical feature representations of the original data. Tested on over 20 datasets, VASC shows superior performances in most cases and exhibits broader dataset compatibility compared to four state-of-the-art dimension reduction and visualization methods. In addition, VASC provides better representations for very rare cell populations in the 2D visualization. As a case study, VASC successfully re-establishes the cell dynamics in pre-implantation embryos and identifies several candidate marker genes associated with early embryo development. Moreover, VASC also performs well on a 10× Genomics dataset with more cells and higher dropout rate.

Whole genome sequence of Mycobacterium kansasii isolates of the genotype 1 from Brazilian patients with pulmonary disease demonstrates considerable heterogeneity

Mycobacterium kansasii is an opportunistic pathogen and one of the most commonly encountered species in individuals with lung disease. We here report the complete genome sequence of 12 clinical isolates of M. kansasii from patients with pulmonary disease in Brazil.

2016 Year-in-Review of Clinical and Consumer Informatics: Analysis and Visualization of Keywords and Topics / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to review and visualize the medical informatics field over the previous 12 months according to the frequencies of keywords and topics in papers published in the top four journals in the field and in Healthcare Informatics Research (HIR), an official journal of the Korean Society of Medical Informatics. METHODS: A six-person team conducted an extensive review of the literature on clinical and consumer informatics. The literature was searched using keywords employed in the American Medical Informatics Association year-in-review process and organized into 14 topics used in that process. Data were analyzed using word clouds, social network analysis, and association rules. RESULTS: The literature search yielded 370 references and 1,123 unique keywords. ‘Electronic Health Record’ (EHR) (78.6%) was the most frequently appearing keyword in the articles published in the five studied journals, followed by ‘telemedicine’ (2.1%). EHR (37.6%) was also the most frequently studied topic area, followed by clinical informatics (12.0%). However, ‘telemedicine’ (17.0%) was the most frequently appearing keyword in articles published in HIR, followed by ‘telecommunications’ (4.5%). Telemedicine (47.1%) was the most frequently studied topic area, followed by EHR (14.7%). CONCLUSIONS: The study findings reflect the Korean government's efforts to introduce telemedicine into the Korean healthcare system and reactions to this from the stakeholders associated with telemedicine.

Early Management of Scars Using a 532-nm Nd:YAG Laser

BACKGROUND: Laser therapy is generally postponed until scar maturation. We speculated that the use of laser therapy at the beginning of the wound healing process might minimize discomfort and problems at an early stage. METHODS: From January 2013 to May 2014, we conducted a study of 50 patients who underwent primary closure or scar revision procedures due to facial scarring. Within 1 to 2 weeks after the removal of all stitches, we performed laser treatments with a 532-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser. To assess the improvement of the scars, we evaluated the scars using the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) and conducted a photo analysis using a computer graphics program. RESULTS: The mean score on the VSS decreased from 5.99 to 1.49 after the laser treatment. The score for each evaluation item decreased, meaning that the scars improved. The differences showed statistical significance. In the photo analysis that was conducted using Adobe Photoshop, the mean brightness of the pixels located within the scar territory increased from 61.54% to 69.42% after laser treatment, and the mean chroma decreased from 50.65% to 43.12%. These changes were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: We used a 532-nm Nd:YAG laser at an early stage of scar formation and confirmed improvements in the redness, hyperpigmentation, and hypertrophy of the scars shortly after treatment.

Early Management of Scars Using a 532-nm Nd:YAG Laser

BACKGROUND: Laser therapy is generally postponed until scar maturation. We speculated that the use of laser therapy at the beginning of the wound healing process might minimize discomfort and problems at an early stage. METHODS: From January 2013 to May 2014, we conducted a study of 50 patients who underwent primary closure or scar revision procedures due to facial scarring. Within 1 to 2 weeks after the removal of all stitches, we performed laser treatments with a 532-nm neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser. To assess the improvement of the scars, we evaluated the scars using the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) and conducted a photo analysis using a computer graphics program. RESULTS: The mean score on the VSS decreased from 5.99 to 1.49 after the laser treatment. The score for each evaluation item decreased, meaning that the scars improved. The differences showed statistical significance. In the photo analysis that was conducted using Adobe Photoshop, the mean brightness of the pixels located within the scar territory increased from 61.54% to 69.42% after laser treatment, and the mean chroma decreased from 50.65% to 43.12%. These changes were statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: We used a 532-nm Nd:YAG laser at an early stage of scar formation and confirmed improvements in the redness, hyperpigmentation, and hypertrophy of the scars shortly after treatment.

Letter to the editor: Clothes Do Not Make the Man: Well-favored Figures are Game-changers in the Biomedical Publication

No abstract available.

Computer graphics applied to anatomy: a study of two Bio-CAD modeling methods on finite element analysis of human edentulous hemi-mandible / Computación gráfica aplicada a la anatomía: un estudio de dos métodos de modelización Bio-CAD sobre el análisis de elementos finitos de hemimandíbulas edéntulas humanas

Modeling is a step to perform a finite element analysis. Different methods of model construction are reported in literature, as the Bio-CAD modeling. The purpose of this study was to perform a model evaluation and application using two methods of Bio-CAD modeling from human edentulous hemi-mandible on the finite element analysis. From CT scans of dried human skull was reconstructed a stereolithographic model. Two methods of modeling were performed: STL conversion approach (Model 1) associated to STL simplification and reverse engineering approach (Model 2). For finite element analysis was used the action of lateral pterygoid muscle as loading condition to assess total displacement (D), equivalent von-Mises stress (VM) and maximum principal stress (MP). Two models presented differences on the geometry regarding surface number (1834 (model 1); 282 (model 2)). Were observed differences in finite element mesh regarding element number (30428 nodes/16683 elements (model 1); 15801 nodes/8410 elements (model 2). D, VM and MP stress areas presented similar distribution in two models. The values were different regarding maximum and minimum values of D (ranging 0­0.511 mm (model 1) and 0­0.544 mm (model 2), VM stress (6.36E-04­11.4 MPa (model 1) and 2.15E-04­14.7 MPa (model 2) and MP stress (-1.43­9.14 MPa (model 1) and -1.2­11.6 MPa (model 2). From two methods of Bio-CAD modeling, the reverse engineering presented better anatomical representation compared to the STL conversion approach. The models presented differences in the finite element mesh, total displacement and stress distribution.

El modelado es un paso para llevar a cabo un análisis de elementos finitos. Entre los diferentes métodos de construcción del modelo que se presentan en la literatura, está el modelado Bio-CAD. El propósito de este estudio fue realizar una evaluación del modelo y aplicación utilizando dos métodos de modelado de Bio-CAD desde la hemimandíbula humana edéntula en el análisis de elementos finitos. Desde tomografías computarizadas de cráneos humanos secos, fue reconstruido un modelo de estereolitografía. Se realizaron dos métodos de modelización: enfoque conversión STL (Modelo 1) asociado a simplificación STL y enfoque de ingeniería inversa (Modelo 2). Para el análisis de elementos finitos se utilizó la acción del músculo pterigoideo lateral como condición de carga para evaluar desplazamiento total (D), lo que equivale tensión de von Mises (VM) y la tensión principal máxima (MP). Los dos modelos presentan diferencias en la geometría de la superficie en relación con el número (1834 (modelo 1), 282 (modelo 2)). Se observaron diferencias en la malla de elementos finitos con respecto a número de elemento (30428 nodos/16683 elementos (modelo 1) y 15.801 nodos/8410 elementos (modelo 2)). La D, VM y áreas de tensión MP presentan distribución similar en ambos modelos. Los valores fueron diferentes respecto a los valores máximo y mínimo de D (desde 0 hasta 0,511 mm (modelo 1) y 0 a 0,544 mm (modelo 2), tensión VM (6,36E-04 - 11,4 MPa (modelo 1) y 2,15e-04 - 14,7 MPa (modelo 2) y tensiones MP (-1,43 a 9,14 MPa (modelo 1) y -1,2 a 11,6 MPa (modelo 2)) a partir de dos métodos de modelado de Bio-CAD. La ingeniería inversa presenta una mejor representación anatómica en comparación con el enfoque de conversión STL. Los modelos presentan diferencias en la malla de elementos finitos, el desplazamiento total y la distribución de la tensión.

Desenvolvimento de um protótipo de software para quantificar a gordura epicárdica em imagens de tomografia computadorizada / Development of a software prototype to quantify the epicardial fat in computer tomography images

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVO: A obesidade é um dos maiores e principais fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares. A gordura epicárdica é encontrada em torno das artérias coronárias e do miocárdio. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar um protótipo de software capaz de quantificar a gordura em imagens de tomografia computadorizada. Foram encontrados estudos sobre o assunto, porém todos necessitam da interação do usuário. Os resultados foram avaliados positivamente por um cardiologista, que, hoje, delimita manualmente essa membrana. A gordura localizada em torno do coração contribui diretamente para a obstrução das artérias. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo, no qual os pacientes receberam aproximadamente 20mg de metoprolol endovenoso, para controle da frequência cardíaca (faixa de 70bpm), e 5mg de dinitrato de isossorbida sublingual, para dilatação e melhor visualização das artérias coronárias. As mesmas imagens foram submetidas a três operadores, sendo um deles cardiologista, para que detectassem, de forma manual, a gordura nas imagens. O comparativo entre o sistema manual e automático foi realizado usando o RUMA, para identificar a validade do experimento automático. RESULTADO: O protótipo obteve um percentual médio de 91% de acerto das imagens analisadas. Esse percentual correspondeu à área de gordura encontrada de maneira automática em comparação àquela encontrada por intermédio do processo manual. CONCLUSÃO: As reais possibilidades de automatização de processos maçantes na área médica reforçam os resultados positivos obtidos por este trabalho. O sistema deve garantir ao cardiologista ou operador um tempo mais longo, a ser utilizado em trabalhos que exijam análise e delineamento do problema...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Obesity is one of the highest and major risk factors among those for cardiovascular diseases. The epicardial fat remains around the coronary arteries and myocardium. The objective of this work was to develope a prototype to quantify the epicardial fat in tomography images. We have found studies that address the topic, but in all of them the user interaction is necessary. The results were evaluated by a cardiologist with extensive experience. The fat localized around the heart directly contributes to bad prognosis. The aim of this study was to develop a prototype for the automatic detection of epicardial fat in computed tomography images. METHODS: Retrospective study, in which patients received around 20mg of intravenous metoprolol, for heart rate control (70bpm), and 5mg sublingual isosorbide dinitrate, to dilation and better visualization of the coronary arteries. These images were processed by one cardiologist and by two lay operators, to detect the fat manually. The RUMA method was used to validate the automatic process. RESULTS: The prototype achieved an average percentage of 91% correct images analyzed. This percentage corresponded to the area of fat found in an automatic way compared to that found by manual process. CONCLUSION: The real possibilities of automation of tiresome processes in the medical reinforce the positive results obtained in this work. This system must ensure a greater portion of time, that can be used in analysis that require a more critical thinking...

Neutral space analysis for a Boolean network model of the fission yeast cell cycle network

BACKGROUND: Interactions between genes and their products give rise to complex circuits known as gene regulatory networks (GRN) that enable cells to process information and respond to external stimuli. Several important processes for life, depend of an accurate and context-specific regulation of gene expression, such as the cell cycle, which can be analyzed through its GRN, where deregulation can lead to cancer in animals or a directed regulation could be applied for biotechnological processes using yeast. An approach to study the robustness of GRN is through the neutral space. In this paper, we explore the neutral space of a Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast) cell cycle network through an evolution strategy to generate a neutral graph, composed of Boolean regulatory networks that share the same state sequences of the fission yeast cell cycle. RESULTS: Through simulations it was found that in the generated neutral graph, the functional networks that are not in the wildtype connected component have in general a Hamming distance more than 3 with the wildtype, and more than 10 between the other disconnected functional networks. Significant differences were found between the functional networks in the connected component of the wildtype network and the rest of the network, not only at a topological level, but also at the state space level, where significant differences in the distribution of the basin of attraction for the G1 fixed point was found for deterministic updating schemes. CONCLUSIONS: In general, functional networks in the wildtype network connected component, can mutate up to no more than 3 times, then they reach a point of no return where the networks leave the connected component of the wildtype. The proposed method to construct a neutral graph is general and can be used to explore the neutral space of other biologically interesting networks, and also formulate new biological hypotheses studying the functional networks in the wildtype network connected component.

Data integration, data mining and visualization analysis of traditional Chinese medicine manufacturing process / 中国中药杂志

Huge amount of data becomes available from the pharmaceutical manufacturing process with wide application of in- dustrial automatic control technology in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) industry. The industrial big data thus provides golden op- portunities to better understand the manufacturing process and improve the process performance. Therefore it is important to implement data integration and management systems in TCM plants to easily collect, integrate, store, analyze, communicate and visulize the data with high efficiency. It could break the data island and discover useful information and knowledge to improve the manufacturing process performance. The key supporting technologies for TCM manufacturing and industrial big data management were introduced in this paper, with a specific focus on data mining and visualization technologies. Using historic data collected from a manufacturing plant of Shengmai injection of SZYY group, we illustrated the usefulness and discussed future prospects of data mining and visualization technologies.

Data collection of signals in the multi-channel sEMG system of masticatory muscles and development and preliminary clinical application of an analytic system / 生物医学工程学杂志

The aim of this study was to design a simple, economic, with high Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR), preamplifier and multi-channel masticatory muscle surface electromyography (sEMG) signal acquisition system assisting to diagnose temporomandibular disorders (TMD). We used the USB interface technology in the EMG data with the aid of the windows to operate system and graphical interface. Eight patients with TMD and eight controls were analyzed separately using this system. In this system, we analyzed sEMG by an optional combination of time domain, frequency domain, time-frequency, several spectral analysis, wavelets and other special algorithms under multi-parameter. Multi-channel sEMG System of Masticatory Muscles is a simple, economic system. It has high sensitivity and specificity. The sEMG signals were changed in patients with TMD. The system would pave the way for diagnosis TMD and help us to assess the treatment effect. A novel and objective method is provided for diagnosis and treatment of oral-maxillofacial disease and functional reconstruction.

Comprensión de textos expositivos en presentaciones multimedia: efectos de sobrecarga cognitiva como consecuencia de la inclusión de gráficos durante la lectura / Expository texts comprehension in multimedia presentations: cognitive overload effects as a result of including graphics during reading

La Teoría Cognitiva de Aprendizaje Multimedia (TCAM, Mayer, 2001) propone que características de diseño de las presentaciones multimedia sobrecargan distintos aspectos del funcionamiento cognitivo, en particular en tareas que implican alta demanda de procesamiento. Este estudio se propuso: (a) comparar la comprensión de textos expositivos de contenidos poco familiares en presentaciones multimedia con y sin sobrecarga cognitiva; y (b) comparar el efecto de distintos escenarios de sobrecarga sobre el mantenimiento representacional e integración a corto plazo de la información textual. Los participantes (n=42) leyeron textos expositivos acompañados de gráficos en una condición Sin Sobrecarga, o en dos formatos de presentación asociados a sobrecargas específicas sobre el mantenimiento y la integración de la información (condiciones de Gráfico Incoherente y Gráfico Desfasado, respectivamente). Se midieron los tiempos de lectura de oraciones críticas incluidas en cada texto y las respuestas a preguntas sobre los contenidos textuales. Se hallaron diferencias en los tiempos de lectura entre las condiciones con y sin sobrecarga, pero no entre las respuestas a preguntas, ni entre los tiempos de lectura de las condiciones con sobrecarga. Estos datos son consistentes con la hipótesis de sobrecarga, pero inconsistentes con el planteo de la TCAM de sobrecargas específicas sobre el funcionamiento cognitivo.