Procedimiento anestésico - quirúrgico en un lactante con higrohematoma subdural / Anesthetic - surgical procedure in an infant with subdural hygrohematoma

Se describe el caso clínico de un lactante de 47 días de nacido, quien fue atendido en el Cuerpo de Guardia de Pediatría del Hospital Provincial General Docente Antonio Luaces Iraola de Ciego de Ávila, por presentar aumento de la circunferencia cefálica, irritabilidad y agitación. Los exámenes realizados mostraron signos de hipertensión endocraneana descompensada, secundaria a colección del espacio subdural izquierdo. Se eliminó el higroma subdural y la recuperación fue favorable en las primeras 36 horas; luego comenzó a convulsionar y apareció nuevamente el deterioro neurológico, por lo cual se decidió reintervenir. Se realizó inducción anestésica con tiopental sódico fentanilo y rocuronio. El paciente evolucionó sin complicaciones.

The case report of a 47 days infant is described. He was assisted in the children emergency room of Antonio Luaces Iraola Teaching General Provincial Hospital in Ciego de Ávila, due to an increase of the cephalic circumference, irritability and agitation. The exams showed signs of upset endocranial hypertension, secondary to collection of the left subdural space. The subdural hygroma was eliminated and the recovery was favorable in the first 36 hours; then a covulsion began and the neurological deterioration appeared again, reason why it was decided to operate once more. Anesthetic induction was carried out with fentanyl sodium thiopental and rocuronium. The patient had a favorable clinical course without complications.

Intracranial Subdural Hematoma after Spinal Anesthesia: Report of Two Cases with different Outcomes

Spinal anesthesia is a technique commonly used for local anesthesia and in obstetric surgeries. Rarely, the formation of an intracranial subdural hematoma (SDH) may result from spinal anesthesia, constituting a serious condition that often leads to severe neurological deficits. The presentation and course of this pathology may occur in a completely different way, which makes its diagnosis and management difficult. In the present article, the authors report two cases of patients with intracranial SDH after spinal anesthesia with completely different presentations and outcomes, demonstrating the variability of the manifestations of this condition. A quick review of key points of its pathophysiology, symptomatology, diagnosis, and treatment was also performed.

Clival SubduralHematoma after Drainage of Concomitant Intracranial and Spinal Cord Subdural Hematomas ­ Rare Case Report

Concomitant traumatic spinal cord and intracranial subdural hematomas associated with a retroclival hematoma are very uncommon. Their pathophysiology is not totally elucidated, but one hypothesis is the migration of the hematoma from the head to the spine. In the present case report, the authors describe the case of a 51-year-old man presenting with headache, nauseas and back pain after a head trauma who presented with intracranial and spinal cord subdural hematomas. Drainage was performed but, 1 week later, a retroclival subdural hematoma was diagnosed. The present paper discusses the pathophysiology, the clinical presentation, as well as the complications of concomitant traumatic spinal cord and intracranial subdural hematomas associated with a retroclival hematoma, and reviews this condition.

Spontaneous intracranial hypotension and its complications / Hipotensão intracraniana espontânea e complicações

ABSTRACT Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a syndrome that was unknown until the advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It is a cause of orthostatic headache, which remains underdiagnosed and, rarely, can result in several complications including dural venous sinus thrombosis, subdural hematoma and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Some of these complications are potentially life-threatening and should be recognized promptly, mainly by imaging studies. We reviewed the MRI of nine patients with SIH and describe the complications observed in three of these patients. Two of them had subdural hematoma and one had a dural venous sinus thrombosis detected by computed tomography and MRI. We concluded that MRI findings are of great importance in the diagnosis of SIH and its complications, which often influence the clinical-surgical treatment of the patient.

RESUMO Hipotensão Intracraniana Espontânea (HIE) é uma síndrome desconhecida até o advento das imagens de Ressonância Magnética (RM). É uma causa de cefaleia ortostática que permanece subdiagnosticada e raramente resulta em complicações, como trombose de seios venosos durais, hematoma subdural e hemorragia subaracnoidea. Algumas dessas complicações são potencialmente ameaçadoras à vida e devem ser prontamente reconhecidas pelos estudos de imagem. Nós revisamos as RM de 9 pacientes com HIE e descrevemos as complicações observadas em 3 casos. Dois deles tiveram hematoma subdural e um teve trombose de seio venoso dural detectados por tomografia computadorizada e RM. Concluímos que achados de RM são de grande importância no diagnóstico de HIE e suas complicações, frequentemente influenciando o tratamento clínico-cirúrgico do paciente.

Migration of an Intracranial Subdural Hematoma to the Spinal Subdural Space: A Case Report

A 57-year-old man complained of severe lower back pain and radicular pain in both legs for 1 week after falling from a ladder. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine showed a subdural hematoma (SDH), which was surgically removed. The patient had no back pain or the radicular leg pain at 2 weeks post-surgery. However, he complained of diffuse headaches upon follow-up. Brain computed tomography (CT) and MRI revealed an intracranial SDH, which was immediately removed by surgery. During his 1-year follow-up, he reported that the pain had resolved without recurrence. Simultaneous spinal and intracranial SDH are rare and no standard treatment exists for this condition. This case suggests that it is possible that an intracranial SDH can migrate into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space through an arachnoid tear. CSF circulation allows the intracranial SDH to enter subarachnoid spaces encasing the spinal cord. In order to prevent irreversible damage, surgical intervention should be considered for case of spinal SDH with progressive neurological deficits.

Spinal Subdural Hematoma Associated with Intracranial Subdural Hematoma

The simultaneous occurrence of an intracranial and a spinal subdural hematoma (SDH) is rare. We describe a case of cranial SDH with a simultaneous spinal SDH. An 82-year-old woman visited the emergency room because of drowsiness and not being able to walk 6 weeks after falling down. A neurological examination showed a drowsy mentality. Brain computed tomography showed bilateral chronic SDH with an acute component. The patient underwent an emergency burr-hole trephination and hematoma removal. She exhibited good recovery after the operation. On the fourth postoperative day, she complained of low-back pain radiating to both lower limbs, and subjective weakness of the lower limbs. Spine magnetic resonance imaging revealed a thoracolumbosacral SDH. A follow-up spinal magnetic resonance imaging study that was performed 16 days later showed a significant decrease in the size of the spinal SDH. We discuss the pathogenesis of this simultaneous occurrence of spinal and cranial SDH.

Traumatic Spinal Subdural Hematoma with Intracranial Subdural Hematoma / 대한신경손상학회지

Traumatic spinal subdural hematoma associated with intracranial subdural hematoma is a rare condition. Herein, we report the case of a 62-year-old man with lower back pain, radiating pain, and numbness in both lower extremities, without motor weakness, for 2 weeks. Lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed high signal intensity on T1-weighted image (WI), and low signal intensity on T2-WI from L2 to L5. Two weeks after conservative management, follow-up lumbar MRI did not show the hematoma and his symptoms were relieved and there was no neurological deficit; therefore, he was discharged. However, subsequently, intracranial subdural hematoma increased and upper extremity motor weakness appeared. This was treated surgically. If there is no neurological deficit, conservative treatment may be a good option. Follow-up evaluation for asymptomatic cranial subdural hematoma is necessary.

Unintended Complication of Intracranial Subdural Hematoma after Percutaneous Epidural Neuroplasty

Percutaneous epidural neuroplasty (PEN) is a known interventional technique for the management of spinal pain. As with any procedures, PEN is associated with complications ranging from mild to more serious ones. We present a case of intracranial subdural hematoma after PEN requiring surgical evacuation. We review the relevant literature and discuss possible complications of PEN and patholophysiology of intracranial subdural hematoma after PEN.

Hematoma subdural intracraniano: uma rara complicação após raquianestesia: relato de caso / Intracranial subdural hematoma: a rare complication following spinal anesthesia: case report

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O hematoma subdural intracraniano é uma complicação rara após raquianestesia. O diagnóstico é muitas vezes difícil porque os sintomas iniciais são os mesmos da cefaleia pós-punção da dura-máter. O objetivo é relatar o caso de um hematoma subdural diag nosticado precocemente, após uma raquianestesia realizada com agulha de calibre fino e punção única. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente de 48 anos, ASA I, submetida a raquianestesia para cirurgia de correção de incontinência urinária. Foi realizada a raquianestesia com agulha 27G Quincke e punção única. A cirurgia foi sem intercorrências, e a paciente recebeu alta hospitalar. Após 48 horas da punção raquidiana, a paciente relatou cefaleia de início súbito, de forte intensidade, acometendo principalmente a região orbitária, mas também a região temporal, com melhora importante no decúbito dorsal e acompanhada de dois episódios de vômitos. Foi solicitada tomografia de crânio que revelou a presença de um hematoma subdural agudo frontotemporoparietal esquerdo. Foi indicado tratamento conservador com analgésicos, dexametasoma e hidantoína. Após 17 dias, apresentou quadro de cefaleia intensa, acompanhada de dormência e paresia do membro superior direito, e distúrbio da fala e comportamento. O hematoma foi drenado cirurgicamente. A paciente evoluiu bem sem sequelas. CONCLUSÕES: A cefaleia é a complicação mais frequente após raquianestesia e é considerada de evolução benigna. Faz com que diagnósticos potencialmente fatais, como o hematoma subdural, não sejam feitos em muitos casos, ou sejam tardios. Este caso descreve uma ocorrência rara, um hematoma subdural agudo após uma raquianestesia com agulha fina em uma paciente sem fatores de risco para sangramento.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Intracranial subdural hematoma is a rare complication following spinal anesthesia. The diagnosis is usually difficult because initial symptoms are the same of post-dural puncture headache. The objective was to report a case of early diagnosed subdural hematoma after spinal anesthesia performed with a fine-gauge needle and single puncture. CASE REPORT: 48-year old female patient, ASA I, undergoing spinal anesthesia for surgery to correct urinary incontinence. The spinal anesthesia was performed with 27G Quincke needle and single puncture. There was no unexpected event in the surgery and the patient was discharged. After 48 hours of spinal puncture, the patient reported sudden, strong headache, affecting especially the orbital region, but also the temporal region, with important improvement in dorsal decubitus and followed by two vomiting episodes. A cranial tomography was requested and revealed the presence of an acute left frontotemporoparietal subdural hematoma. A conservative treatment with analgesics, dexamethasone and hydantoin was indicated. After 17 days, the patient had intense headache, followed by dormancy and paresis of right upper limb and speech and behavior disorders. The hematoma was surgically drained. The patient evolved well and without sequelae. CONCLUSIONS: Headache is the most frequent complication after spinal anesthesia and it is considered of benign evolution. In many cases however, it leads to the late or absent diagnosis of potentially fatal conditions, like subdural hematoma. This case describes a rare case of an acute subdural hematoma following spinal anesthesia with fine-gauge needle in a patient without risk factors for bleeding.

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: El hematoma subdural intracraneal es una complicación rara posterior a la raquianestesia. El diagnóstico es en muchas ocasiones difícil, porque los síntomas iniciales son los mismos de la cefalea postpunción de la duramadre. El objetivo de este estudio, es relatar el caso de un hematoma subdural diagnosticado rápidamente, y posterior a una raquianestesia realizada con una aguja de calibre fino y punción única. RELATO DEL CASO: Paciente de 48 años, ASA I, sometida a la raquianestesia para la cirugía de corrección de incontinencia urinaria. Fue realizada la raquianestesia con una aguja 27G Quincke y una punción única. La cirugía transcurrió sin problemas, y la paciente recibió alta. Después de 48 horas de efectuada la punción raquídea, la paciente relató cefalea de inicio súbito, de fuerte intensidad, afectando principalmente la región orbitaria, pero también la región temporal, con una mejoría importante en el decúbito dorsal, y acompañada de dos episodios de vómitos. Se le solicitó la tomografía de cráneo que arrojó un hematoma subdural agudo frontotemporoparietal izquierdo. Fue indicado un tratamiento conservador con analgésicos, dexametasoma e hidantoína. Después de 17 días, debutó con un cuadro de cefalea intensa, seguida de adormecimiento y paresia del miembro superior derecho, y un disturbio del habla y del comportamiento. El hematoma fue drenado quirúrgicamente. La paciente evolucionó bien y sin secuelas. CONCLUSIONES: La cefalea es la complicación más frecuente después de la raquianestesia y se le considera de evolución benigna. Ella logra que diagnósticos potencialmente fatales, como el hematoma subdural, se eviten en muchos casos o se hagan más tarde. Este caso describe una aparición rara, un hematoma subdural agudo posterior a una raquianestesia con una aguja fina en una paciente sin factores de riesgo para el sangramiento.

Head Injury

This article aims to provide an overview of the epidemiology, medical and rehabilitation issues and recent advances and emerging practices. We also intended to assess the validity of trials in head injury and find the generalized concepts according to their results. All randomized controlled trials on the treatment and rehabilitation of patients with head injury published before November 2010 was surveyed. Data was extracted on the number of participants, use of blinding, loss to follow up, and types of participants, interventions, and outcome measures. Until November 2010, using several search engines, 479 reports were identified. The average number of participants per trial was 92. No trials were large enough to detect reliably a 5% absolute reduction in the risk of death or disability. Of 226 trials assessing disability, 211 reported the number of patients followed up, and average loss to follow up was 19%. Of trials measuring disability, 26% reported that outcome assessors were blinded. Randomized trials in head injury are too small and poorly designed to detect or refute reliably moderate but clinically important benefits or hazards of treatment. Limited funding for injury research and unfamiliarity with issues of consent may have been important obstacles

Hematoma subdural intracraniano pós-anestesia subaracnóidea: relato de dois casos e revisão de 33 casos da literatura / Intracranial subdural hematoma post-spinal anesthesia: report of two cases and review of 33 cases in the literature / Hematoma subdural intracraneal postanestesia subaracnoidea: relato de dos casos y revisión de 33 casos de la literatura

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Hematoma subdural intracraniano é uma complicação rara pós-anestesia subaracnóidea. Relatamos dois casos de mulheres que desenvolveram hematoma subdural crônico pós-anestesia subaracnóidea, diagnosticados após a evolução clínica prolongada de cefaleia pós-punção dural (CPPD) e analisamos outros 33 casos encontrados em revisão da literatura. RELATO DOS CASOS: Nos 35 pacientes (idade entre 20-88 anos, 19 homens), 14 tinham mais de 60 anos (40 por cento) sendo 12 (86 por cento) homens. A relação se inverte no grupo de pacientes mais jovens (< 60 anos), no qual há duas vezes mais mulheres (14:7). Dois picos de maior incidência foram observados: 30-39 anos (31 por cento) e 60-69 anos (29 por cento). O período de tempo decorrido entre o início dos sintomas até o diagnóstico variou entre 4 horas e 29 semanas. Cefaleia foi referida por 26/35 (74,3 por cento) casos; alteração do nível de consciência em 14/35 (40,0 por cento); vômitos em 11/35 (31,4 por cento); hemiplegia ou hemiparesia em 8/35 (22,9 por cento); diplopia ou paresia do VI nervo craniano em 5/35 (14,3 por cento); e distúrbio da linguagem em 4/35 (11,4 por cento). Os fatores contribuintes foram: gravidez, múltiplas punções, uso de anticoagulantes, anormalidades vasculares intracranianas e atrofia cerebral. Em 15 casos, não foi citado qualquer fator contribuinte. Quatro em 35 pacientes (11,4 por cento) ficaram com sequelas neurológicas e 4/35 (11,4 por cento) morreram. CONCLUSÕES: A presença de qualquer um desses sinais ou sintomas mencionados serve de alerta para a possibilidade de ocorrer hematoma subdural intracraniano como complicação da punção dural, principalmente naqueles pacientes que apresentaram CPPD por mais de uma semana, quando uma investigação por neuroimagem se faz necessária.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Intracranial subdural hematoma is a rare complication of spinal anesthesia. We report two cases of women who developed chronic subdural hematoma post-spinal anesthesia diagnosed after prolonged clinical evolution of post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) and we analyze other 33 cases found on literature review. CASE REPORTS: In 35 patients (ages 20-88 years, 19 males), 14 were older than 60 years (40 percent), of which 12 (86 percent) were males. The relationship is inverted in the group of younger patients (< 60 years), in which we observed twice as many women (14:7). Two peaks of higher incidence were observed: 30-39 years (31 percent) and 60-69 years (29 percent). The length of time from the beginning of symptoms until diagnosis ranged from 4 hours to 29 weeks. Headache was the main complaint in 26/35 (74.3 percent) patients; changes in the level of consciousness in 14/35 (40.0 percent); vomiting in 11/35 (31,4 percent); hemiplegia or hemiparesis in 8/35 (22.9 percent); diplopia or VI nerve paresis in 5/35 (14.3 percent); and language disorders in 4/35 (11.4 percent). Contributing factors included: pregnancy, multiple punctures, use of anticoagulants, intracranial vascular abnormalities, and brain atrophy. In 15 cases, a contributing factor was not mentioned. Four out of 35 patients (11.4 percent) remained with neurologic sequelae, and 4/35 (11.4 percent) died. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of any of the signs or symptoms mentioned above should alert for the possibility of an intracranial subdural hematoma as a complication of puncture of the dura mater, especially in those patients with PDPH for more than one week, at which time investigation by neuroimaging is necessary.

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: El hematoma subdural intracraneal es una complicación rara postanestesia subaracnoidea. Relatamos aquí dos casos de mujeres que desarrollaron hematoma subdural crónico postanestesia Subaracnoidea, diagnosticados posteriormente a la evolución clínica prolongada de cefalea postpunción dural (CPPD), y analizamos otros 33 casos encontrados en una revisión de la literatura. RELATO DE LOS CASOS: En los 35 pacientes (edad entre 20 y 88 años, 19 hombres), 14 tenían más de 60 años (40 por ciento) siendo 12 (86 por ciento) hombres. La relación se invierte en el grupo de pacientes más jóvenes (< 60 años), en donde encontramos dos veces más mujeres (14:7). En los picos de mayor incidencia se observaron: de 30 a 39 años (31 por ciento) y de 60 a 69 años (29 por ciento). El período de tiempo transcurrido entre el inicio de los síntomas hasta el diagnóstico varió entre 4 horas y 29 semanas. La cefalea fue relatada por 26/35 (74,3 por ciento) casos; la alteración del nivel de conciencia en 14/35 (40,0 por ciento); vómitos en 11/35 (31,4 por ciento); hemiplejía o hemiparesia en 8/35 (22,9 por ciento); diplopía o paresia del VI nervio craneal en 5/35 (14,3 por ciento); y disturbio del lenguaje en 4/35 (11,4 por ciento). Los factores contribuyentes fueron: el embarazo, múltiples punciones, uso de anticoagulantes, anormalidades vasculares intracraneales y atrofia cerebral. En 15 casos, no se citó ningún factor contribuyente. En 4/35 (11,4 por ciento) pacientes quedaron con secuelas neurológicas y 4/35 (11,4 por ciento) fallecieron. CONCLUSIONES: La presencia de cualquier una de esas señales o síntomas mencionados, sirve de alerta para la posibilidad del aparecimiento del hematoma subdural intracraneal como complicación de la punción dural, principalmente en aquellos pacientes que presentaron CPPD durante más de una semana, haciéndose necesaria una investigación por neuro imagen.

Cranial subdural hematoma developing after spinal anesthesia: A case report / 대한마취과학회지

Intracranial subdural hematoma is an exceptionally rare complication of spinal anesthesia. An 88-year-old female patient diagnosed with grade V uterine prolapse with rectocystocele received a vaginal hysterectomy and anteroposterior repair under spinal anesthesia. At 4 days postoperatively, she appeared to have decreased orientation, inappropriate behavior, and right side weakness grade III. Brain MR diffusion and CT revealed a bilateral subdural hematoma. She was improved after burr hole drainage. We report a case of intracranial subdural hematoma developing after spinal anesthesia, a rare complication.

Hematoma subdural lumbar agudo espontáneo asociado a hematoma subdural subagudo craneal: reporte de un caso / Acute spontaneous lumbar subdural hematoma associated with subacute cranial subdural hematoma: case report

BACKGROUND: Acute spontaneous spinal subdural hematoma associated with subacute cranial subdural hematoma is a rare entity. There is no precise age of presentation, and there is a slight female predominance. Origin is primary or secondary to hematologic factors or vascular and iatrogenic procedures. The main symptom is motor deficit in 57% of the cases. Surgical treatment is warranted only with neurological deficits. CLINICAL CASE: We present the case of a 44-year-old male with severe headache and diagnosis of subacute frontoparietotemporal subdural hematoma and signs of lumbar radiculopathy. Prognosis is proportional to the initial neurologic deficit. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with cranial subdural hematoma who develop neurological symptoms in the lower extremities should have magnetic resonance imaging study to rule out spinal subdural hematoma.

Spontaneous acute subdural hematoma contralateral to an arachnoid cyst

Arachnoid cysts (AC) are extra-cerebral cerebrospinal fluid collections of unknown origin. They correspond to 1 percent of all intracranial nontraumatic space-occupying lesions and appear more frequently in the middle fossa (50 percent). More than 25 percent of these cysts are incidental findings and the majority of patients are asymptomatic. Seizures, intracranial hypertension signs, neurological deficits, macrocrania, developmental delay and bulging of the skull are the main signs and symptoms of the lesion. AC rupture and bleeding are rare, usually occurring in young adults and associated with trauma. The risk of hemorrhage does not exceed 0.04 percent / year. We describe the case of a ten-year-old boy who presented with acute signs of intracranial hypertension secondary to a spontaneous acute subdural hematoma, contralateral to an AC of the middle fossa. Three factors were significant in this case: signs and symptoms occurred spontaneously; the presence of an acute subdural hematoma exclusively contralateral to the AC; successful outcome of the conservative treatment.

Os cistos aracnóideos (CA) são coleções liquóricas extra-cerebrais e intra-aracnóideas de origem desconhecida. Correspondem a 1 por cento de todas as lesões expansivas intracranianas não traumáticas e têm nítido predomínio na fossa média (50 por cento). Até 25 por cento destes cistos são achados incidentais sendo que a maioria dos pacientes é assintomática. Crises epilépticas, sinais de hipertensão intracraniana, déficits neurológicos focais, macrocrania, atraso no desenvolvimento e abaulamento da calota craniana são os principais sinais e sintomas da lesão. A ruptura dos CA, assim como seu sangramento, são situações raras, geralmente associadas a traumas e acometem adultos jovens. O risco de hemorragia em pacientes com CA não excede 0,04 por cento ao ano. É descrito caso de paciente de dez anos de idade que subitamente apresentou sinais de hipertensão intracraniana secundários a hematoma subdural agudo espontâneo, contralateral a volumoso CA de fossa média. Três fatores foram de relevância neste paciente: a ocorrência de sinais e sintomas espontaneamente, especialmente em um menino; presença de hematoma subdural agudo exclusivamente contralateral ao CA; e a boa evolução com o tratamento conservador.

Intracranial rhabdomyosarcoma presented as chronic subdural hematoma: a case report

Intracranial rhabdomyosarcoma is a very rare disorder. Subdural rhabdomyosarcoma has not been reported yet. It can be misdiagnosed with chronic subdural hematoma in CT images. Herein, we presented a 2.5-year-old boy with intractable chronic subdural hematoma who were treated with burr hole insertion, needle aspiration and shunting for about 2 years with partial resolution of his symptoms after each procedure. The final pathologic evaluation after extensive bilateral craniotomy revealed rhabdomyosarcoma. The role of CT and MRI in early diagnosis and management of this rare situation is discussed

Craniotomia descompressiva para tratamento precoce da hipertensão intracraniana traumática / Decompressive craniotomy for the early treatment of traumatic intracranial hypertension

O papel da craniotomia descompressiva (CD) no tratamento da hipertensão intracraniana (HIC) refratária ainda não está estabelecido na literatura. Atualmente é recomendada como opção, pois há deficiência de trabalhos classe I ou II que suportem seu emprego. Trabalhos recentes têm avaliado a eficácia da CD quando aplicada precocemente no tratamento da HIC pós traumática. No presente trabalho analisam-se 21 pacientes nos quais a CD foi realizada precocemente. A maioria dos pacientes apresentava traumatismo cranioencefálico grave (Escala de coma glasgow <9) e tomografia de crânio evidenciando tumefação cerebral (brain swelling) ou hematoma subdural agudo. A principal complicação inerente à técnica foi a hidrocefalia (28,5 por cento). Boa reabilitação social ocorreu em 11 pacientes (52,5 por cento). Parece que a CD, quando realizada precocemente, é eficaz no tratamento da HIC refratária, ressaltando-se ainda a necessidade de estudos classe I e II que suportem esta opinião.

Validez diagnóstica de la tomografía computarizada en hematomas intracraneanos / Diagnostic validity of computerized tomography in intracranial hematomas

Los hematomas intracraneales se han constituido en un común factor de morbilidad y mortalidad. Actualmente, con la tomografía computarizada, puede facilitarse su diagnóstico y hacer más eficiente y eficaz la evaluación terapéutica del paciente. Se usó diseño transversal y observacional para determinar la validez diagnóstica de la tomografía computarizada en hematomas intracraneanos. Se estudió una muestra de 48 pacientes operados de dicha patología y que contaran con estudio tomográfico previo. El diagnóstico tomográfico para hematoma intracraneal fue corroborado con el hallazgo quirúrgico en todos los casos, en cambio el diagnóstico clínico fue confirmado sólo en el 58,3 por ciento de ellos. Se encontró una sensibilidad y especificidad para la tomografía computarizada del 100 por ciento en los hematomas epidural y subdural, y del 91,7 por ciento y 97,2 por ciento respectivamente para los hematomas intracerebrales. La tomografía computarizada es un método de diagnóstico eficaz para hematomas intracraneales, incluyendo en el acortamiento del tiempo transcurrido desde el diagnóstico de la patología hasta su manejo quirúrgico y mejorando, de esta manera, la condición alta del paciente.

Migration of Intracranial Subdural Hematoma to Spinal Canal

The spinal subdural hematoma (SSDH) is a rare disease entity, but may have disastrous consequences. A 48-year-old man who underwent a craniotomy for a removal of acute traumatic subdural hematoma was referred to our hospital because of remnant hematoma and sustained headache. His mental state was clear and the score of Glasgow Coma Scale was 15. On 11days after admission, he complained of lumbago and radicular pain in the lower extremities. Lumbar magnetic resonance image (MRI) revealed subacute lumbosacral subdural hamatoma. A lumbar puncture was performed and about 20cc amount of dark liquefied hematoma was drained. His symptoms were improved and the SSDH was disappeared on follow-up MRI. This SSDH is assumed to be formed by the migratory movement of intracranial subdural hematoma under the influence of gravity, and spinal puncture is another preferable procedure in such cases of liquefied spinal hematoma.