Meningioma parasagital y hematoma subdural crónico, una asociación inusual / Parasagittal meningioma and chronic subdural hematoma, unusual association

RESUMEN En muchas ocasiones, los pacientes con tumores cerebrales tienen una variedad de síntomas psiquiátricos inespecíficos. Algunos de estos pueden constituir la primera o única manifestación del tumor, sin la presencia de ningún síntoma o signo neurológico. El diagnóstico ha de basarse en la anamnesis completa y en la exploración neurológica; la neuroimagen confirmará el diagnóstico clínico. Con el presente trabajo se describió la asociación inusual de hematoma subdural crónico y meningioma parasagital en un caso presentado. Se trató de un paciente de 68 años con antecedentes de esquizofrenia. Acudió a consulta con una hemiparesia izquierda. Se le realizó una tomografía axial computarizada de cráneo y arrojó un hematoma subdural crónico y un meningioma parasagital derecho. Se le aplicó tratamiento quirúrgico en dos tiempos operatorios. Su evolución posquirúrgica transcurrió sin complicaciones (AU).

ABSTRACT In many cases, patients with brain tumors have a variety of nonspecific psychiatric symptoms. Some of them can be the first or the only manifestation of the tumor, without presenting any neurological signs or symptoms. The diagnosis must be based on the complete anamnesis and on the neurological examination. The neuroimaging will confirm the clinical diagnosis. The unusual association of a chronic subdural hematoma and a parasagittal meningioma was described in a case presented in the current work. It dealt with a patient, aged 68 years with antecedents of schizophrenia. He assisted the consultation with left hemiparesis. A skull computed tomography showed a chronic subdural hematoma and a right parasagittal meningioma. He underwent a two-steps surgery. His post-surgery evolution ran without complications (AU).

Tratamiento de hematoma subdural: comparación entre drenaje subdural a presión negativa contra otro tipo de drenajes / Treatment of subdural hematoma: comparative analysis between subdural drainage with negative pressure versus other drainages

La ultrasonografía es un método de evaluación rápido y eficaz en los departamentos de emergencias, siempre en manos entrenadas. La lesión vascular periférica es un cuadro que en lo que trauma se refiere, debe tener un veloz diagnóstico y tratamiento por los riesgos que significa: En lesiones abiertas, la hemorragia; y en lesiones cerradas se añade el síndrome compartimental. Lograr la evaluación de la indemnidad o no del árbol vascular en los miembros, se torna importante a la hora de prevenir eventos que requieran intervención quirúrgica (reparación y/o fasciotomía). El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en demostrar la utilidad del conocimiento del árbol vascular periférico y su evaluación mediante doppler para el manejo del trauma vascular periférico, mental (n=77) = 11 (14,78 %). Resolución: lesión vascular = 1 (1,3 %) síndrome compartimental= 1 (1,3 %) con resolución quirúrgica. La utilización de la ultrasonografía y del doppler para la evaluación vascular periférica es útil para el reconocimiento precoz del riesgo a desarrollar desde una lesión vascular simple hasta un síndrome compartimental. La utilización de listas de verificación durante la simulación para la generación del criterio, son útiles en la formación de residentes de cirugía

Report the recurrence rate ofnegative pressure subdural drainage (NPSD) versusto other kind of drains (OD). Design and Methods: Astudy was conducted cross-sectional and weretrospectively analyzed on the database of theneurosurgical service and we looked for all surgicalprocedures recorded from January 2006 to December2015. Procedures with preoperative diagnosis ofsubdural hematoma (SDH) were selected, with a to-tal of 364 interventions, were excluded patients withpostoperative diagnosis different from SDH andeliminated those who did not have complete data,recurrence was identified, a statistical analysis wasperformed describing frequency measurementspercentage and standard deviation, RM and chi-square was obtained by software EPIDAT 3.1. 277 surgeries were performed in 230 patients, Thepopulation was divided into two groups: the first thoseinterventions with negative pressure subduraldrainage versus a second group with other differentdrains, and finally we compared the recurrence ratein each group, 44 surgeries had recurrence of SDH.The proportion of recurrence was found 16 % of thesurgeries, 16 % (n=7) of these were performed withnegative pressure subdural drainage and theremaining 84 % (n=37) by other drainage. The reasonfor prevalence found was 0.36 (95 % CI , 0.15 to0.85), with statistically significant differences (p =0.0165). The chi-square was 5.75 for the SDH withNPSD. It was found that patients treated with NPSDhave a lower risk of recurrence compared with OD,which acts as a protective factor for patients treatedwith this type of drain, this is statistically significant.

Hematoma subdural crônico em adultos jovens / Subdural Hematoma Chronic in Young Adults

Objetivo O hematoma subdural crônico em adultos jovens é relativamente frequente, sendo tipicamente encontrado em idosos. Os principais fatores relacionados ao hematoma subdural crônico em adultos jovens são: derivação ventriculoperitoneal, cisto aracnóideo, uso de droga anticoagulante, coagulopatias e esportes vigorosos. O prognóstico depende da idade do paciente, do estado neurológico na admissão, das doenças sistêmicas associadas, assim como do diagnóstico preciso e tratamento adequado. Métodos Foram incluídos pacientes de ambos os gêneros, da faixa etária de 20 a 45 anos de idade, com diagnóstico confirmado de hematoma subdural crônico. Resultados Foram analisados 34 pacientes no período de janeiro de 2005 a dezembro de 2013. O gênero masculino teve 25 e o feminino 9 casos. As causas foram: traumatismo cranioencefálico (20 pacientes), etilismo (7), crises convulsivas (3) e raquianestesia (2); as causas permaneceram desconhecidas em 2 pacientes. A tomografia computadorizada foi realizada em todos os pacientes e a ressonância magnética em 2 deles. Localização unilateral em 30 e bilateral em 4. Foram tratados cirurgicamente 28 pacientes e 6 receberam tratamento conservador. Tiveram boa evolução 27 pacientes, 4 apresentaram déficit neurológico focal, 2 apresentaram crise convulsiva e houve um óbito. Conclusões O hematoma subdural crônico é frequente em adultos jovens. O traumatismo cranioencefálico e etilismo crônico foram as principais causas de hematoma subdural crônico em jovens. Acomete mais o gênero masculino. O tratamento de escolha é cirúrgico. O prognóstico é bom.

Objective Chronic subdural hematoma in young adults is relatively common, typically found in the elderly. The main factors related to chronic subdural hematoma in young adults are: ventriculoperitoneal shunt, arachnoid cyst, anticoagulant drug, coagulopathies and vigorous sports. The prognosis depends on the patient's age, neurological status on admission, associated systemic diseases, as well as the accurate diagnosis and proper treatment. Methods Patients of both sexes were included with 20-45 years of age with a confirmed diagnosis of chronic subdural hematoma. Results 34 patients were analyzed from January 2005 to December 2013. Males reported 25 cases and 9 female. The causes were 20 traumatic brain injury, alcoholism 7, 3 seizures, spinal anesthesia 2 and unknown 2 patients. Computed tomography was performed in all patients and magnetic resonance imaging in 2 cases. Location unilateral in 30 and bilateral in 4. Surgically and 28 patients were treated conservative 6. Twenty-seven patients improved, four had focal neurological deficits, seizures two and one case died. Conclusions The chronic subdural hematoma is common in young adults. The craniocerebral trauma and chronic alcohol consumption were the main causes of chronic subdural hematoma in young. It affects more males. The treatment of choice is surgery. The prognosis is good.

Hematoma subdural crónico: análisis de 95 casos / Chronic subdural hematoma: analysis of 95 cases

El Hematoma Subdural crónico es una patología relativamente frecuente que predomina en adultos mayores. Es de inicio insidioso, su diagnóstico se basa en el cuadro clínico y estudios radiológicos como la tomografía computarizada (TAC), el manejo es predominante quirúrgico y su pronóstico es bueno. Se analiza en el presente estudio, una muestra de 95 expedientes clínicos de pacientes con dicho diagnóstico, síntomas iniciales, TAC pre y post diagnóstico, tratamiento y evolución...

Chronic subdural haematoma: clinical presentation and surgical outcome

Chronic subdural hematoma having diversity of clinical features, poor index of suspicion and non availability of CT scan is still diagnosed very late in AJK. The objective of study was to find out the clinical status at the time of admission and outcome of surgery in these patients managed in our hospital. Descriptive study. This study was conducted at the DHQ Hospital Mirpur AJK from March 2006 to April 2010. A total number of 47 patients with chronic subdural hematoma of all age groups were operated at DHQ hospital Mirpur in this period. Clinical presentation of the patients at the time of admission was recorded. Patients were followed for a period of 2-3 months after surgery. Forty seven patients were studied. Among them 40[85%] were male and 7[15%] were female. The age range was 2 months to 100 years with average age 52.5 years. Thirty one [66%] had positive history of head trauma whereas 16 patients [34%] did not remember any injury. Thirty one [66%] had headache, 35[74.5%] had hemiparesis, 19[40.4%] had behavioral changes and urinary incontinence. Six patients [12.8%] were having GCS 3 with reactive pupils. One [2.1%] patient came with decreased vision. CT scan showed unilateral hematoma in 37 [78.7%] and bilateral in 10 [21.3%] patients. Twenty five [53%] patients had hematoma on left side, 12[25.5%] had hematoma on right side and 10[21.3%] had bilateral hematoma. Thirty four [72.3%] had good recovery. Four [8.5%] could not survive. Chronic subdural hematoma due to diversity of symptoms, poor index of suspicion, and non availability of CT scan is still diagnosed very late in AJK. Elderly patients with diversity of confusing neurological symptoms need to be kept under high index of suspicion for diagnosis of chronic subdural hematoma. Drainage of Chronic hematoma with two burr holes and placements of subdural drain offered excellent

Apresentaçao clínica e prognóstico dos pacientes com hematoma subdural crônico / Relation between clinical presentation and prognosis in chronic subdural hematoma patients

Introdução: O hematoma subdural crônico é considerado uma das lesões neurocirúrgicas que apresenta bom prognóstico. Os autores apresentam sua experiência sobre apresentação clínica e prognóstico. Pacientes e métodos: Foram analisados, retrospectivamente, 60 casos de hematoma subdural crônico entre janeiro de 2002 e junho de 2008. Os dados analisados foram características demográficas, quadro clínico, tratamento, complicações e prognóstico. Resultados: A idade variou entre 38 e 82 anos, com média de 58 anos. Houve predomínio do sexo masculino com relação masculino:feminino de 2,53:1. A localização foi unilateral em 49 casos e bilateral em 11 casos. Fatores predisponentes: traumatismo craniano (30), alcoolismo crônico (14), uso de anticoagulante oral (6), outras causas (6) e desconhecido (4). Apresentações clínicas foram: acidente vascular cerebral (16), hipertensão intracraniana (12), distúrbios psiquiátricos (11), síndrome piramidal (8), crises convulsivas (8), sintoma extrapiramidal (4) e hemorragia subaracnóidea (2). Tratamento cirúrgico foi realizado em 58 casos. Os casos de alcoolismo crônico associados à apresentação psiquiátrica tiveram péssimo prognóstico, seguidos dos casos de uso de anticoagulantes orais associados a hipertensão intracraniana. Os resultados foram ótimos em casos de hematoma subdural crônico associados a hipertensão intracraniana e nos casos com clínica piramidal e extrapiramidal. Cinco pacientes foram a óbito (dois por intercorrências cirúrgicas, dois por doenças sistêmicas e um por infecção hospitalar). Conclusão: O hematoma subdural crônico manifesta-se por formas clínicas variadas, seu prognóstico encontra-se diretamente relacionado à causa básica, apresentação clínica e tratamento.

Management and outcome of chronic subdural haematoma

To analyze overall outcome in chronic subdural haematoma and study the results of different surgical methods employed to treat this condition. This prospective, descriptive observational study was carried in the Department of Neurosurgery, Nishtar Medical College and Hospital, Multan from October 2007 to April 2008. A total of 60 patients were included in the study. Out of 60 patients, 44 [73%] were male and 16 [27%] were female. 60% patients presented with history of minor trauma to he head in road traffic accidents, falls and slips in bath rooms of different durations, usually more than 2 weeks. The chronic subdural haematoma is a surgical lesion. The burr-holes aspiration under local anesthesia is the perfect surgical method in most of the cases

Traumatismo craneoencefálico en el adulto mayor / Cranioencephalic traumatism in older adult

Fundamento: Los mayores de 60 años representan el 15 por ciento de la población cubana y se espera que para el 2025 alcancen el 20 por cientoconvirtiéndose Cuba en el territorio más envejecido de América Latina, proporcionalmente mayor número de ancianos solicitarán atención neuroquirúrgica. El traumatismo craneoencefálico es la principal causa de morbimortalidad neuroquirúrgica en el adulto mayor en nuestro. Objetivo: Caracterizar el traumatismo craneoencefálico en el adulto mayor. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de todos los pacientes de 60 años y más atendidos por el servicio de neurocirugía del Hospital Provincial Universitario Manuel Ascunce Domenech de Camagüey desde enero de 2002 a enero de 2006 con diagnóstico de traumatismo craneoncéfalico. Resultados: El 73 por ciento padecían alguna enfermedad crónica. El trauma craneoncefálico no complicado fue la variante de mayor incidencia. El hematoma subdural crónico y el trauma craneoncefálico grave fueron las principales causas de operaciones. El 51 por ciento de los operados presentó alguna complicación. La mortalidad en esta serie fue del 21 por ciento. Conclusiones: El hematoma subdural crónico fue las variedad del trauma craneoncefálico más frecuente en el anciano. El trauma craneoncefálico grave tiene una elevada mortalidad determinada fundamentalmente por la severidad del trauma y por el desarrollo de complicaciones.

Background: Elders of 60 years represent the 15 per cent of Cuban population and it is hoped that for the 2025 will reach the 20 percent become Cuba the most aged territory of Latin America, proportionally a great number of old men will request neurosurgical attention. Cranioencephalic traumatism is the main cause of neurosurgical morbimortality in the adult in our environment. Objective: To characterize the cranioencephalic traumatism in the adult. Method: A descriptive study of all the patients of 60 years and over attended by the neurosurgery service at Manuel Ascunce Domenech University Provincial Hospital of Camagüey was conducted from January 2002 to January 2006 with cranioencephalic traumatism as diagnosis. Results: The 73 percent suffered any chronic disease. The non complicated cranioencephalic trauma was the variant of higher incidence. The chronic subdural hematoma and the severe cranioencephalic trauma were the principal causes of operations. The 51 percent of the operated presented any complication. Mortality in this series was about the 21 percent. Conclusions: The chronic subdural hematoma was the most frequent variety of cranioencephalic trauma in the old man. The severe cranioencephalic trauma has a high mortality determined fundamentally by the severity of trauma and for the development of complications.

Hematoma subdural crónico calcificado: reporte de un caso / Calcified chronic subdural hematoma: a case report

El hematoma subdural crónico constituye una enfermedad frecuente en la práctica neuroquirúrgica cotidiana. Su diagnóstico se realiza actualmente de forma temprana en la mayoría de los pacientes, a partir de la introducción de las modernas técnicas de imagenología. Se presenta el caso de un enfermo de 84 años de edad con historia de cefalea, mutismo acinético y cuadriparesia, cuyo examen tomográfico mostró una colección extraxial supratentorial hemisférica derecha con calcificación masiva; se practicó la exéresis mediante una craneotomía y el estudio histopatológico confirmó el diagnóstico de hematoma subdural crónico. Se concluye que, al constituir la calcificación masiva del hematoma subdural crónico una rara forma de presentación imagenológica en la actualidad, deben contemplarse otras entidades en el diagnóstico diferencial como neoplasias y malformaciones vasculares intracraneales; por otro lado, aumenta la complejidad quirúrgica ya que es imprescindible la práctica de una craneotomía para la evacuación de la lesión.

The chronic subdural hematoma constitutes a frequent disease in daily neurosurgical practice. Currently its diagnosis of premature form is performed in the majority of patients, since the introduction of imaging's modern techniques. An 84 years old patient with history of cephalea, akinetic mutism and cuadriparesis, whose tomographic exam showed a right hemispheric supratentorial extraxial collection with massive calcification; the exeresis was performed by means of a craniotomy and the histopathological study confirmed the diagnosis of chronic subdural hematoma. It was concluded that, when constitute the massive calcification of the chronic subdural hematoma a rare form of imaging presentation at present, should contemplate another entities in the differential diagnostic like neoplasias and intracranial vascular malformations; In addition, increases the surgical complexity since it is essential the practice of a craniotomy for the evacuation of the lesion.

Presentación clínica del hematoma subdural crónico en adultos: el gran simulador / Clinical presentation of chronic subdural hematoma in adults: a big simulator

Introducción: el hematoma subdural crónico (HSDC) es una enfermedad relativamente común en mayores de 60 años. Su presentación clínica clásica es un síndrome neurológico focal progresivo con síntomas y signos de hipertensión endocraneana, en un paciente que generalmente tiene antecedentes de traumatismo craneano (TEC) al menos dos o tres semanas previas a la consulta. Sin embargo, el HSDC puede presentarse bajo diferentes formas clínicas que dificultan su diagnóstico. Material y método: se analizan los aspectos clínicos de 63 pacientes portadores de HSDC que consultaron en el Hospital de Tacuarembó en un período de 59 meses. Resultados: los pacientes tenían entre 30 y 88 años, 73 por ciento eran hombres. En 67 por ciento de los pacientes había antecedente de TEC. La forma de presentación más frecuente fue un cuadro progresivo de déficit focal o hipertensión endocraneana. En dos casos el déficit fue brusco, simulando un ataque cerebrovascular. En tres pacientes el antecedente traumático no fue recogido y se planteó clínicamente un proceso expansivo tumoral. En 11 casos los síntomas iniciales fueron de la esfera neuropsíquica, simulando una "demencia". En 18 casos hubo depresión de vigilia, siendo brusca en cinco de ellos, lo que llevó al planteo de ataque cerebrovascular hemorrágico o isquémico. En seis pacientes el síntoma cardinal era la cefalea permanente sin otros síntomas o signos. Conclusiones: el HSDC puede presentarse con distintas "máscaras clínicas", simulando procesos expansivos tumorales, ataques cerebrovasculares hemorrágicos o isquémicos, ataques isquémicos transitorios o demencias. Se debe entonces tener un alto índice de sospecha de esta enfermedad frente a individuos mayores de 60 años con un cuadro progresivo y de instalación insidiosa aun en ausencia de traumatismo de cráneo.

Hematoma subdural crônico no idoso / Chronic subdural hematoma in elderly

Os distúrbios auditivos da terceira idade vêm recebendo crescente importância na medida em que a esperança de vida aumenta e, conseqüentemente, a idade da população. A presbiacusia, alteração mais freqüente, ao lado de outras doenças auditivas são discutidas, abordando-se suas principais características, diagnóstico e o tratamento.(au)

Hematoma subdural subagudo y cronico: tratamiento quirurgico en 176 pacientes. Nuestra experiencia / Subacute and chronic subdural hematomas: surgical treatment in 176 patients. Our experience

Objective: to describe our surgical experience in suvacute and chronic subdural hematomas. Method: 176 patients with subacute or chronic subdural hematomas were operated between June 1998 and May 2003. Hospital records were used to ascertain data. We did a comparative analysis of the different types of surgical procedures performed. Results: the surgical procedure commonly performed was a burrhole craniostomy with subdural closed - system drainage (66 por ciento). This procedure was associated with a low rate of complications and reoperations, in comparison with the burr hole craniostomy or the craniostomy without subdural closed-system drainge. Global recurrence rate was 13 por ciento and 20,4 por ciento of the cases required reoperation. Clinical improvement rate was 72,3 por ciento. Conclusion: In our cases, burr hole craniostomy with closed-system drainge was the method of choice for the initial treatment in subacute and chronic subdural hematomas. Craniotomy should be reserved for those cases of recurrence or residual hematoma

Ossified Chronic Subdural Hematoma

A relatively rare condition of ossified chronic subdural hematoma (SDH) mimicking cerebral stroke is presented. A 67-year-old man presented with headache, dysphasia, and left-sided hemiparesis. Routine skull x-ray showed a huge calcification extending from the frontal to the parietal regions in the right side. CT and MRI scan revealed a huge ossified SDH covering the right hemisphere. Right frontoparietal craniotomy was performed and the ossified SDH was completely removed. Severe adhesion was noticed between the pia mater and the inner surface of the ossified mass. The subdural mass had ossified hard outer and inner rims and a soft central part. The postoperative course was uneventful and 3 months after the operation, the patient was neurologically intact. The authors report the successful treatment of a patient with a huge ossified SDH covering the right hemisphere. Careful dissection and total removal are needed in such symptomatic cases to avoid cortical injury and to improve results.

Hematoma subdural crónico: una enfermedad del adulto mayor / Chronic subdural hematoma: a disease of elderly people

The lack of specificity and heterogeneity of the clinical picture of chronic subdural hematoma, hampers its diagnosis. Aim: To report the experience of a Neurosurgical Service in chronic subdural hematoma. Patients and methods: One hundred patients (77 male, mean age 77ñ13 years) with chronic subdural hematoma were analyzed. Results: The main clinical presentations were mental status changes (50 percent) and progressive focal neurological deficit (46 percent). Five cases presented as a transient neurological deficit. All patients were treated with burr hole drainage. Thirteen had recurrence of the hematoma and they were reoperated. The surgical mortality was 3 percent. Eighty seven patients were followed for a mean of 66 months. Eighty one of these had a complete recovery, 6 had permanent neurological deficit and 2 of these were unable to care for themselves. Bad prognosis was associated with the absence of a previous trauma to explain the hematoma and symptoms of dementia as the clinical presentation. Conclusions: Most patients with chronic subdural hematoma treated with burr hole drainage have a good outcome

Chronic subdural hematoma treated by Burr Holes and closed drainage system: a review of 630 cases

To study the clinical features and surgical results of patients with chronic subdural hematoma. A retrospective study of the records of 630 patients treated surgically for chronic subdural hematoma using a burr hole and closed drainage system was conducted. Six hundred and thirty patients [438 males and 192 females] ranging from 12 to 100 years with a mean age of 66.7 years were identified. Upon admission, 242 [38%] patients were in satisfactory condition [grades 0-1], 262 [42%] patients were at grade 2 and 126 [20%] were at grades 3 or 4. In 5.3% of the patients, surgical intervention was required to remove a recurring hematoma. In 77% of the patients, the results achieved could be graded as good [grades 0-1], with mortality being 2.5%. The only factor affecting the outcome was the grade at admission [p < 0.05]. A simple and routinely used burr hole procedure either under local or general anesthesia with a closed drainage system is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma

Resolución espontánea de un hematoma subdural crónico / Spontaneous resolution of chronic subdural hematoma

El hematoma subdural crónico (HSC) es una entidad que puede llevar a la muerte si no es resuelta quirúrgicamente. En la actualidad son tres los procedimientos quirúrgicos más efectivos, sencillos y rápidos que permiten la curación en más de 90 por ciento de los pacientes, con mortalidad menor al 5 por ciento. Aunque se ha visto la reabsorción espontánea de un HSC, el tratamiento conservador está en desuso, porque puede poner en peligro la vida, es muy prolongado y un gran número de pacientes sometidos a éste, finalmente termina en tratamiento quirúrgico.Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 73 años de edad, en grado 2 de la escala de Markwalder, con un hematoma subdural crónico, frontoparietal derecho, que se resolvió en forma espontánea sin dejar secuelas, excepto por una leve cefalea.