Estado nutricional relativo ao ferro e zinco de mães de recém-nascidos de risco / Nutritional status of iron and zinc in mothers of medium risk newborns

Objetivo: O presente estudo avaliou o estado nutricional relativo ao ferro e zinco em m�es de beb�s de risco. M�todos: Foi conduzido em 125 mulheres, que se encontravam no per�odo puerperal, com tempo m�dio de 10,2 dias. O estado nutricional do ferro foi avaliado por meio das concentra��es de hemoglobina, pelo m�todo da cianometahemoglobina, e da ferritina, por ensaio imunoenzim�tico. O zinco foi determinado no plasma e nos eritr�citos, por espectrofotometria de absor��o at�mica. O consumo diet�tico para macronutrientes, ferro e zinco, foi analisado no programa Dietsys, vers�o 4.01. Para compara��o das m�dias, foi utilizado o teste T student, adotando- se 5% como n�vel de signific�ncia. Resultados: A m�dia de hemoglobina nas m�es foi de 10,03�2,31 g/dL. A mediana da ferritina encontrada foi de 38,29 ng/mL, variando de 3,49 a 413,09 ng/mL. A m�dia do zinco plasm�tico foi de 56,20�13,10 ?gZn/dL e, nos eritr�citos, de 49,56�16,48 ?gZn/gHb, sendo, nestes �ltimos, mais elevada nas m�es de beb�s a termo do que nas m�es de prematuros (p = 0,001). Quanto ao consumo alimentar, as m�dias di�rias para energia, zinco e ferro foram de 2043,05�889,64 kcal, 10,73�6,89 mg e 17,66�8,40 mg, respectivamente. O consumo abaixo do recomendado para o per�odo gestacional foi identificado em 56,0% e 73,6% das mulheres, em rela��o ao zinco e ferro, respectivamente. Conclus�es: As baixas concentra��es de hemoglobina encontradas nas pu�rperas n�o refletiram na idade gestacional e no peso ao nascer. As m�dias de zinco nos eritr�citos estavam dentro dos valores de normalidade, sendo mais elevadas nas m�es de rec�m-nascidos a termo do que nas m�es de prematuros.

Objective: The present study assessed the nutritional status of iron and zinc in mothers of infants at risk. Methods: The study was conducted on 125 women, who were in the postpartum period, with a mean of 10.2 days. The nutritional status of iron was evaluated by means of hemoglobin by the cyanmethemoglobin method and ferritin by enzyme immunoassay. Zinc was determined in plasma and erythrocytes by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The dietary intake of macronutrients, iron and zinc was analyzed using the Dietsys program, version 4.01. The T student test, adopting a 5% significance level, was used for comparison of means. Results: The mean hemoglobin in mothers was 10.03 � 2.31 g / dL. The median ferritin was 38.29 ng / mL, ranging from 3.49 to 413.09 ng / ml. The means of zinc were 56.20 � 13.10 ?gZn / dL in plasma and 49.56 � 16.48 ?gZn / gHb in erythrocytes, with the latter being higher in mothers of term infants compared with mothers of preterm infants (p = 0.001). As for food intake, the daily averages for energy, zinc and iron were 2043.05 � 889.64 kcal, 10.73 � 6.89 mg, and 17.66 � 8.40 mg, respectively. Consumption below recommendations for pregnancy was identified in 56.0% and 73.6% of the women investigated for zinc and iron, respectively. Conclusions: The low hemoglobin concentrations found in the mothers assessed did not affect gestational age and birth weight. The mean of zinc in erythrocytes was within normal range, being higher in mothers of newborns at term than in mothers of preterm newborns.

Prevalence and gene frequencies of phenylthiocarbamide [PTC] taste sensitivity, ABO and Rhesus factor [Rh] blood groups, and haemoglobin variants among a Nigerian population

Blood groups and phenylthiocarbamide [PTC] are the most studied genetic traits among human populations around the world. In most of these studies, PTC taste sensitivity was described as a bimodal autosomal trait inherited in a simple Mendelian recessive pattern. ABO blood group is the most studied blood groups followed by Rhesus factors [Rh] and haemoglobin variants. Information from the study of these traits is useful to biologists, geneticists, anthropologists and clinicians. No information on the prevalence and gene frequencies of these traits among a population from Nigeria. This study presents information on the prevalence and gene frequencies of PTC taste sensitivity, ABO blood group and Rhesus factor, and Haemoglobin variants from male and female Nigerians examined. A total of 232 [51.33%] male and 220 [48.67%] female Nigerians participated in this study. Filter paper impregnated with 81.25 mg/L of saturated solution of PTC was used to determine PTC tasters, while blood group phenotypes, Rhesus factor and haemoglobin types were determined by classical method. Hardy-Weinberg method was used to determine allelic frequencies and graphpad 5 computer software was used for the data processing. The percentage frequency for non tasters of PTC was 29.42% with allele frequency t= 0.5424. There were more male [33.62%] non tasters than female [25.0%], but more female [75.0%] tasters than male [66.38%]. This observation was statistically significant [p= 0.0444]. Our findings support the bimodal inheritance of PTC taste sensitivity among Nigerians. Overall trend of ABO blood group was O > B >A > AB. This same trend was observed for females but differed for males [O> B = A> AB]. O blood group was the highest while AB group was the least among studied Nigerians in both genders. The distribution pattern did not differ significantly [p= 0.1406] from those expected under Hardy-Weinberg Law. 93.14% of the studied population was Rh+ [DD and Dd] and there were more Rh+ males than females but more Rh_ females than males. The proportions and distributions of Rh factor among studied population did not show statistical significance [X2= 0.6047, df = 1, P = 0.4624]. The overall allele frequency of the blood group as computed according to Hardy-Weinberg Law is r = 0.8201, q= 0.0977 and p= 0.0822. Similar trend in allele frequency was observed for both genders. The allele frequency for Rh+ [D] is 0.7381 and Rh_ [d]= 0.2619. This trend is also similar in both sexes. Among the six haemoglobin variants common to Nigerians CC was not detected in our study. The other five were observed in the order AA [76.55%]> AS [20.35%]> AC [1.99%] > SS [0.66%] >SC [0.44%]. The overall allele frequency was A =0.8772, S =0.1106, C = 0.0122. The findings from this study provide information on the studied traits. It will provide background information for further studies and will be useful to clinicians, geneticists and anthropologists with respect to blood transfusion, marriage counseling and population studies

A review of blood substitutes: examining the history, clinical trial results, and ethics of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers

The complications associated with acquiring and storing whole blood for transfusions have launched substantial efforts to develop a blood substitute. The history of these efforts involves a complicated mixture of science, ethics, and business. This review focuses on clinical trials of the three hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOC) that have progressed to Phase II or III clinical trials: HemAssist (Baxter; Deerfield, IL, US), PolyHeme (Northfield; Evanston, IL, US), and Hemopure (Biopure; Cambridge, MA, US). Published animal studies and clinical trials carried out in a perioperative setting have demonstrated that these products successfully transport and deliver oxygen, but all may induce hypertension and lead to unexpectedly low cardiac outputs. Overall, these studies suggest that HBOCs resulted in only modest blood saving during and after surgery, no improvement in mortality and an increased incidence of adverse reactions. To date, the results from these perioperative studies have not led to regulatory approval. All three companies instead chose to focus their efforts on large trials of trauma patients in the pre-hospital setting. Baxter abandoned the development of HemAssist after a trial in the U.S. was prematurely halted when the first 100 patients showed significantly increased mortality rates as compared to patients treated with blood products. Northfield's PolyHeme trial demonstrated a non-significant trend towards increased mortality and a very modest reduction in the subsequent need for blood. The testing of Biopure's Hemopure for trauma patients has been halted for several years because of FDA concerns over trial design and study justification. Ethical concerns have also been raised regarding the design and implementation of all HBOC clinical trials. Thus, the available evidence suggests that HemAssist, Polyheme, and Hemopure are associated with a significant level of cardiovascular dysfunction. The next generation of HBOCs ...

Tipos de hemoglobinas em escolares da cidade de Natal,RN / Hemoglobin types in students of Natal city,RN

Os autores determinaram a frequencia dos tipos de hemoglobinas em 5l8 escolares pertencentes a escolas de primeiro grau da rede estadual de ensino da cidade de Natal,RN. As amostras de sangue coletadas em EDTA foramsubmetidas a eletroforese de hemoglobina em acetado de celulose usando tampao Tris-glicina pH9,1. A analise das amostras demonstrou que 507 (97,88%) tinham Hb AA e 11 (2,12%) apresentavam hemoglobinas anormais representadas pelos genotipos AS (1,93%) e AC (0,19%).