Caracterización de pacientes operados de hernias abdominales externas en un centro de diagnóstico venezolano / Characterization of patients operated due to external abdominal hernias in a Venezuelan diagnosis center

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y de corte transversal de los 747 pacientes operados de hernias abdominales externas en el Centro de Diagnóstico Integral La Atlántida del Estado Vargas, de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela, desde abril de 2013 hasta diciembre de 2017 con el objetivo de caracterizarles según variables de interés para la investigación. En la serie predominaron el sexo masculino (75,1 por ciento), el grupo etario de 51-60 años (37,8 por ciento), la hipertensión arterial como principal comorbilidad (32,0 por ciento), la hernia inguinal como variedad más frecuente (63,7 por ciento), además de la reparación con prótesis sin tensión (malla) como proceder más empleado y sin recidiva herniaria (72,6 por ciento); asimismo, las complicaciones estuvieron dentro del rango internacional aceptado (5,1 por ciento) y el edema del cordón resultó ser la más común.

A descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study of the 747 operated patients due to external abdominal hernias in La Atlántida Comprehensive Diagnosis Center from Vargas State, of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela was carried out from April, 2013 to December, 2017 with the objective of characterizing them according to variables of interest for the investigation. In the series the male sex (75.1 percent), the age group 51-60 years (37.8 percent, the hypertension as the main comorbidity (32.0 percent), the inguinal hernia as the most frequent variety (63.7 percent), besides the repair with prosthesis without tension (mesh) as the most used procedure and without hernia relapse (72.6 percent) prevailed; also, the complications were within the accepted international range (5.1 percent) and the edema of the cord turned out to be the most common.

Chronic hepatothorax due to right diaphragmatic rupture: an anesthetic challenge in a rare case / Hepatotórax crônico devido à ruptura do diafragma direito: um desafio anestésico em um caso raro

Abstract Background: Diaphragmatic rupture is an uncommon condition, with 90% of ruptures occurring on the left side. However, its incidence on the right side is increasing along with the increase in traffic accidents. Liver herniation may become progressive causing severe atelectasis of the right lung, resulting in impaired respiratory status and hemodynamic changes. Case report: We report the case of a 40 years old female, ASA III, scheduled for hepatothorax repair that evolved from right diaphragmatic hernia after a car accident when she was 8 years old. Clinically, she had severe restrictive respiratory syndrome caused by the hepatothorax. The anesthetic evaluation was normal, except for the chest X-ray showing elevation of the dome of the right hemidiaphragm without tracheal deviation. Diagnosis was confirmed by CT scan. After liver replacement in the abdominal cavity, a transient increase in central venous pressure, stroke volume index and flow time corrected (35%), and a decrease in systemic vascular resistance were observed. After complete hemodynamic and hepatosplenic stabilization, as well as ventilation, the patient was transferred intubated, under controlled ventilation and monitored, to the liver transplant unit. Conclusions: Hepatothorax is a rare condition and its repair may represent an anesthetic challenge. After liver replacement in the abdominal cavity during corrective surgery under general anesthesia complications may occur, particularly associated with pulmonary re-expansion. Effective teamwork and careful planning of surgery, between the surgical and anesthetic teams, are the key to success.

Resumo Justificativa: A ruptura diafragmática é uma condição incomum e ocorre em 90% no lado esquerdo. No entanto, a incidência de ruptura à direita tem vindo a aumentar junto com o aumento dos acidentes automobilísticos. A herniação do fígado pode tornar-se progressiva, causar atelectasia grave do pulmão direito, resultar num débil estado respiratório e alterações hemodinâmicas. Relato de caso: Mulher de 40 anos, estado físico ASA 3, marcada para reparação de hepatotórax que evoluiu de hérnia diafragmática direita, adquirida aos 8 anos, após um acidente automobilístico. Clinicamente apresentava síndrome respiratória restritiva grave, causada pelo hepatotórax. A avaliação anestésica era normal, com exceção da radiografia do tórax, que evidenciava elevação da hemicúpula diafragmática direita, sem desvio traqueal. Diagnóstico foi confirmado por tomografia computadorizada. Depois da recolocação do fígado na cavidade abdominal foram observados um aumento transitório da pressão venosa central, do Stroke Volume Index e Flow Time Corrected (35%) e uma diminuição da resistência vascular sistêmica. Uma vez alcançada a estabilização hemodinâmica geral e hepatoesplênica, bem como da ventilação, a paciente foi transferida entubada, sob ventilação controlada e monitorada para a Unidade de Transplantação Hepática. Conclusões: O hepatotórax é uma condição rara e a sua correção pode representar um desafio anestésico. Após a recolocação abdominal do fígado, durante uma cirurgia corretiva, sob anestesia geral, podem ocorrer complicações, principalmente as associadas à reexpansão pulmonar. Um trabalho em equipe eficaz e o planejamento cuidadoso da cirurgia, entre as equipes cirúrgica e anestésica, são a chave para o sucesso.

Intractable intraoperative brain herniation secondary to tension pneumocephalus: a rare life-threatening complication during drainage of subdural empyema / Herniação cerebral intratável secundária a pneumoencéfalo hipertensivo no intraoperatório: uma complicação rara com risco para a vida durante a drenagem de empiema subdural

Abstract Tension pneumocephalus is rare but has been well documented following trauma and neurosurgical procedures. It is a surgical emergency as it can lead to neurological deterioration, brainstem herniation and death. Unlike previous cases where tension pneumocephalus developed postoperatively, we describe a case of intraoperative tension pneumocephalus leading to sudden, massive open brain herniation out of the craniotomy site. The possible causative factors are outlined. It is imperative to rapidly identify possible causes of acute intraoperative brain herniation, including tension pneumocephalus, and institute appropriate measures to minimize neurological damage.

Resumo O pneumoencéfalo hipertensivo é raro, mas foi bem documentado após trauma e procedimentos neurocirúrgicos. Trata-se de uma emergência cirúrgica porque pode levar à deterioração neurológica, herniação do tronco cerebral e morte. Ao contrário de casos anteriores, nos quais o pneumoencéfalo hipertensivo se desenvolveu no pós-operatório, descrevemos um caso de pneumoencéfalo hipertensivo desenvolvido no período intraoperatório que levou a uma herniação cerebral súbita, maciça e aberta para fora do local da craniotomia. Os possíveis fatores causais são destacados. É imperativo identificar rapidamente as possíveis causas da herniação cerebral aguda no intraoperatório, incluindo o pneumoencéfalo hipertensivo, e instituir medidas apropriadas para minimizar os danos neurológicos.

Hernia del espacio de Petersen: complicación tardía del bypass gástrico laparoscópico / Petersen’s space hernia: late complication of laparoscopic gastric bypass

Introduction: Petersen's Space Hernia is a protrusion of intestinal loops through a defect between the alimentary loop and the transverse mesocolon that occur as a late complication of Gastric Bypass. Objective: To present our experience in the management of this entity, making emphasis on the difficulty of clinical diagnosis, the typical CT Scan findings and to suggest prevention and management strategies. Method: Case series study of patients with Petersen's Space Hernia after Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass. Clinical presentation, CT Scan findings and surgical results were analyzed. Results: 8 patients. Mean age 43 years. All presented al least 12 months after primary surgery, with unspecific abdominal pain. CT Scan most frequent findings were: Swirled mesentery, engorgement of mesentery vessels and the mushroom sign. Surgery was performed laparoscopically in the 8 patients. No bowel ischemia was found. In all cases, once reduced the protruded loops, complete closure of the defect with a running non absorbable suture was done. Conclusion: In patients with Gastric Bypass, presenting with abdominal pain, a high degree of suspicion must be kept about this entity. Clinical findings are unspecific and radiological study is crucial. When diagnosed on time bowel necrosis is avoided and the main surgical goal is to achieve a complete closure of the defect with non absorbable suture.

Introducción: La Hernia del Espacio de Petersen es una complicación tardía del bypass gástrico, que ocurre por la protrusión de asas intestinales a través del defecto que se genera entre el asa alimentaria y el mesocolon transverso. Objetivo: Presentar nuestra experiencia en el manejo de esta patología, haciendo énfasis en la dificultad del diagnóstico clínico, los hallazgos más típicos de la Tomografía Computada (TC) y sugerir estrategias de prevención y manejo. Método: Estudio de una serie de casos con diagnóstico de Hernia del Espacio de Petersen posterior a bypass gástrico. Se analizó la presentación clínica, los hallazgos imagenológicos e intraoperatorios y los resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico. Resultados: 8 pacientes. Todos se presentaron luego de 12 meses de la cirugía primaria y la manifestación fue dolor abdominal de carácter inespecífico. Los hallazgos más frecuentes de la TC fueron el "arremolinamiento" mesentérico, ingurgitación de los vasos mesentéricos y el "signo del hongo". La cirugía se realizó por vía laparoscópica en los 8 pacientes. No se evidenció isquemia intestinal. En todos los casos, una vez reducido el contenido herniado, se cerró el espacio con sutura continua de material no reabsorbible. No hubo complicaciones ni mortalidad. Conclusión: En los pacientes sometidos a bypass gástrico hay que mantener un alto grado de sospecha acerca de esta entidad. La clínica es inespecífica y el estudio imagenológico es fundamental. Pesquisado a tiempo se puede evitar la necrosis intestinal y el pilar fundamental del tratamiento es lograr un adecuado cierre del defecto con material no reabsorbible.

Herniación de quiste de seno maxilar a través de fístula oroantral: reporte de un caso / Hermiation of a maxillary sinus cyst through an oroantral fistula: report of a case

Los quistes de retención mucosa y los mucoceles son las lesiones máscomunes de los senos paranasales. Éstos comparten características muysimilares y su diferencia estará determinada por su etiología. A diferencia del quiste de retención mucosa, cuyo comportamiento es mucho más sutil, el mucocele causa fenómenos infl amatorios locales, y algunas veces,reabsorción ósea de las estructuras adyacentes. El tratamiento será laenucleación quirúrgica. En el caso clínico que presentamos a continuación,se evidencia una lesión quística que se expone a través del alvéolo no cicatrizal de extracción traumática realizada semanas atrás, además se presenta la técnica que utilizamos para el cierre de fístula oroantral.

Mucus retention cysts and mucoceles are the most common lesions of the paranasal sinuses. They share very similar characteristics and the difference between them depends on their etiology. Unlike mucous reten-tion cysts, whose behavior is much more subtle, mucoceles cause local infl ammatory phenomena and sometimes bone resorption of adjacent structures. The treatment called for is surgical enucleation. The clinical case presented deals with a cystic lesion protruding through the non-cicatricial alveolus following a traumatic extraction performed weeks earlier. We also present the technique used to close the oroantral fi stula.

Síndrome postneumonectomía derecha: informe de un caso / Right postpneumonectomy syndrome: Case report

El síndrome postneumonectomía es una entidad poco frecuente en pediatría. Comunicamos un caso secundario a una neumonectomía realizada por un tumor intratorácico. Niño de 4 años con antecedente de exéresis pulmonar derecha y dificultad respiratoria progresiva, con obstrucción extrínseca de la vía aérea por estructuras mediastínicas desplazadas. Hubo intentos frustros de tutorización con dispositivos endoluminales de la vía aérea, e imposibilidad de retiro de la asistencia ventilatoria mecánica. Ante la imposibilidad de reposicionamiento mediastinal, se realiza puente (bypass) aórtico con tubo protésico, con evolución favorable y egreso hospitalario.

Postpneumonectomy syndrome is a rare entity in children. We report a case secondary to pneumonectomy performed due to an intrathoracic tumor. A 4-year-old boy with a history of right pneumonectomy and progressive respiratory distress, with extrinsic airway obstruction due to displaced mediastinal structures. There were failure to intubate the airway with endoluminal devices and impossibility of withdrawing from mechanical ventilation. As mediastinal repositioning was not possible, an aortic bypass with a prosthetic tube graft was performed, with favorable outcome and hospital discharge.

Tratamiento laparoscópica de la hernia paraostomal: En búsqueda de una nueva técnica / Laparoscopic repair of parastomal hernia: Searching for a new technique

Introducción: La hernia paraostomal es una complicación frecuente de los pacientes ostomizados. Se presenta en más del 50% de los casos, sin embargo, solo del 10 al 15% son sintomáticas y requieren tratamiento quirúrgico. Objetivo: Describir y analizar una técnica laparoscópica en la que combinamos la reparación anatómica con la colocación de una malla protésica. Material y Método: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de una base de datos diseñada en forma prospectiva del servicio de cirugía general del "The Western Pennsylvania Hospital". El período analizado fue de Agosto de 2006 a Octubre de 2007. Se incluyen los procedimientos electivos y aquellos pacientes con hernias paraostomales sintomáticos. Las variables analizadas fueron edad, sexo, estadía hospitalaria, complicaciones intraoperatorias, postoperatorias y recidivas. Resultados: Entre agosto del 2006 y diciembre del 2007 se operaron 6 pacientes con hernias paraostomales sintomáticas. Tres de ellos tenían una amputación abdominoperineal por cáncer de recto; dos proctocolectomías por Enfermedad Inflamatoria Intestinal (Colitis ulcerosa y Crohn), y una colectomía subtotal debido a colitis fulminante secundario a infección por Clostridium Difficile. No se registraron conversiones ni complicaciones intraoperatorias. Un paciente evolucionó con íleo postoperatorio, que revirtió con tratamiento médico. La estadía media hospitalaria fue de 4 días (Rango: 2-7 días). El seguimiento postoperatorio promedio fue de 5,8 meses (rango 1-18 meses). No hubo recidivas. Conclusión: Proponemos una técnica diferente para la reparación de la hernia paraostomal. Además de reducir y disecar el saco herniario, disminuimos el espacio muerto suturando el área que rodea al ostoma a la fascia, con la intención de disminuir la formación de seroma y/o recurrencia.

Background: Parastomal hernia is a common complication of stoma formation that has been reported in more than 50% of patients on long term follows up. Most of them do not require repair; however 10 to 15% will become symptomatic and will need surgical repair. Objective: To describe and analyzed a laparoscopic technique that combines both tissue and mesh repair. Material and Methods: Retrospective review of a prospective collected data from The Western Pennsylvania Hospital. We include all patients who underwent this novel laparoscopic approach of the paraostomal hernia from August 2006 to October 2007 at the Western Pennsylvania Hospital. The surgeries were performed electively and in symptomatic parastomal hernia patients. Data collected included demographies, length of hospital stay, complications and recurrence. Results: We performed 6 laparoscopic parastomal hernia repairs. Three patients had APR due to rectal cancer; two had a proctocolectomy due to Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn); and one patient had a subtotal colectomy due to fulminant Clostridium Difficile colitis. There were no conversions to open surgery and no intraoperative complications. One patient developed a postoperative ileus that resolved with a no operative treatment. The mean hospital stay was 4 days (Range: 2 to 7 days). The mean follow up period was 5.8 months (Median 3 month; range: 1-18 month). All patients are asymptomatic and without hernia recurrence. Conclusion: We propose a novel laparoscopic approach to the parastomal hernia. In addition to reducing and dissecting the hernia sac, we reduce the dead space by suturing the area around the stoma to the fascia, thus possibly reducing the incidence of seroma and recurrence.

Hérnia traumática do pulmão / Traumatic lung hernia

Traumatic lung herniation is an unusual clinical problem. We present a case of a large left post-traumatic lung hernia on the left, anterior, second intercostal space following blunt chest trauma. An important factor in the etiology of these lesions is the relative lack of muscular support of the anterior part of the chest. This report describes the diagnosis and management of a post-traumatic lung hernia.

Cardiac herniation following completion pneumonectomy for bronchiectasis.

Sporadic reports on cardiac herniation are available in the literature; most of them had followed intrapericardial pneumonectomies for malignant pulmonary tumors. We present an uncommon event of heart herniation after a completion pneumonectomy indicated for chronic bronchiectasis. A 35-year-old male patient was operated for left completion pneumonectomy. A 6 cm Χ 4 cm area of adherent pericardium near the obtuse margin of heart was removed during surgery. During head-end elevation of the bed in postoperative intensive care unit, patient got accidentally tilted to the left side, which resulted in ventricular fibrillation. Chest cavity was re-opened for cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Left ventricle was found herniating through the pericardial deficiency into the left-thoracic cavity with the cardiac apex touching chest wall. During surgical re-exploration, the pericardial deficiency was closed with a synthetic Dacron patch. Hemodynamic condition remained stable in the immediate postoperative period. Patients had infection of the left thoracic cavity after 5 weeks, for which he was subjected to thoracoplasty and omentopexy. Prompt recognition with timely intervention is life saving from cardiac herniation. Strategy of closing the pericardial defect after pneumonectomy should be followed routinely, irrespective of the indication for pneumonectomy.

Hérnia lombar adquirida secundária do tipo Grynfeltt: relato de caso / Acquired secondary Grynfeltt's hernia: a case report

A hérnia lombar é um diagnóstico infrequente e difícil. É mais prevalente em pessoas do sexo masculino e de idade avançada. Relatamos o caso de um paciente de 79 anos de idade, do sexo masculino, que realizou drenagem de derrame pleural há 17 anos e que apresentou quadro clínico e tomográfico de hérnia lombar adquirida secundária do tipo Grynfeltt.

Lumbar hernia is a rare condition whose diagnosis is hardly achieved. The prevalence is higher in elderly men. The present case report describes the case of a male, 78-year-old patient who underwent pleural effusion drainage 17 years before presenting with clinical manifestations and tomographic findings compatible with acquired secondary Grynfeltt's hernia.

[Hernia following blunt abdominal trauma]

Traumatic abdominal wall hernia is a rare type of hernia, which follows blunt trauma to the abdomen, where disruption of the musculature and fascia occurs with the overlying skin remaining intact. Diagnosis of this problem is very difficult and delayed. Traumatic hernia is often diagnosed during laparatomy or laparascopy, but CT scan also has a role in distinguishing this pathology. Delay in diagnosis is very dangerous and can result in gangrene and necrosis of the organs in the hernia. The case report of a 35 years old man with liftruck blunt trauma is reported. His vital signs were stable. On physical examination, tenderness of RUQ was seen. He underwent Dpl for suspected hemoprotein. Dpl was followed up by laparatomy. Laparatomy revealed that the transverse and ascending colon partially herniated in the abdominal wall defect. The colon was reduced in the abdomen and repair of abdominal hernia was done. The patient was discharged after 5 day. The etiology, pathologenesis and management are discussed

Hernia incisional en el Hospital de Lota / Incisional hernia in the Lota Hospital

El presente trabajo es un estudio retrospectivo que tiene como objetivo verificar los factores predisponentes más importantes en 61 pacientes con hernia incisional que ingresaron al servicio de cirugía del Hospital de Lota y fueron sometidos a intervención quirúrgica entre abril del año 2002 y abril del 2004. Como resultado, la incidencia en cuanto al sexo mostró una proporción de 4 a 1 entre mujeres y hombres; es decir, un 80,3 por ciento de mujeres y un 19,6 por ciento de hombres. En cuanto a la distribución por edad, la mayor incidencia fue para el grupo etáreo comprendido entre 41 a 60 años, con un 62,2 por ciento. Dentro de los factores predisponentes más importantes, tenemos: la obesidad (con un índice de masa corporal promedio de 31,2), las cirugías previas y, dentro de éstas, las cirugías ginecológicas (54 por ciento), la colecistectomía abierta (32,7 por ciento), la apendicectomía (3,2 por ciento) y otras (9,8 por ciento). No hubo mortalidad y morbilidad (3,2 por ciento) se debió principalmente a la reacción al material de sutura.

Herniation of the cerebellar tonsils after suprasellar arachnoid cyst shunt: case report

Sabe-se que o deslocamento caudal das tonsilas cerebelares pode ocorrer em associação com condições clínicas tais como: lesão expansiva intracraniana ou malformação de Chiari I e II. Pode ainda ser adquirido após repetidas punções lombares ou lomboperitoniostomia. A ocorrência de herniação cerebelar após derivação de cisto aracnóide intracraniano é evento extremamente raro, existindo apenas três casos relatados na literatura médica. O caso de menino de 9 anos de idade, com puberdade precoce e cisto aracnóide supra-selar, que desenvolveu herniação sintomática das tonsilas cerebelares três anos após cistoperitoniostomia. O paciente foi submetido a craniectomia suboccipital com plástica dural e tonsilectomia parcial, apresentando remissão dos sintomas. Discutimos a patogênese sugerida na literatura.

Herniation of colon following transhiatal esophagectomy.

We report a 38-year-old man with intestinal obstruction following transhiatal esophagectomy for carcinoma esophagus; it occurred secondary to herniation of the transverse colon through the esophageal hiatus into the mediastinum. The patient is asymptomatic after reduction of the hernia and repair of the disphragmatic hernia.

Hernia pulmonar de origen traumático / Lung hernia by trauma

La hernia pulmonar traumática (HPT) es un problema clínico inhabitual. Se da a conocer un caso atendido en el Hospital Mutual de Seguridad de Santiago. corresponde a un individuo que cae desde altura resultando con múltiples injurias siendo la torácica una de ellas, la que una vez tratada fue seguida aparentemente de buenos resultados. Sin embargo, diecisiete meses después de su accidente presentó aumento de volumen paraesternal izquierdo el que estudiado con imágenes resultó ser una HPT. Fue sometido a cirugía reparadora con doble método el cual incluyó por primera vez, hasta donde nosotros conocemos, el uso de un segmento de cresta ilíaca. La evolución posterior fue satisfactoria

Cutis laxa congénita: descripción de cuatro casos infantiles / Cutis laxa congenita: presentation of four pediatric cases

Cutis laxa es un trastorno del tejido conectivo, que se caracteriza por piel inelástica, que cuelga formando pliegues y otorga un aspecto de senilidad prematura, pudiéndose acompañar o no de compromiso sistémico. Puede ser congénita o adquirida. Dentro de las primeras se describen una forma autosómica dominante, una autosómica recesiva y una forma recesiva ligada al X. La forma adquirida se presenta secundariamente a fiebre, drogas como la penicilina o isoniazida, urticaria, eritema multiforme y mieloma múltiple. Se presentan cuatro pacientes (tres mujeres y un varón) atendidos en el Servicio de Dermatología entre febrero de 1997 y octubre de 1998, con cuadro clínico e histopatológico de cutis laxa congénito, todos con compromiso sistémico. En tres de ellos se comprobó compromiso cardíaco; en dos, compromiso respiratorio, y en dos, hernia umbilical. También encontramos cuerdas vocales laxas, disfagia, hiperlaxitud articular, retraso madurativo, hernia inguinal y ano anterior. Esta sería la primera publicación argentina de cutis laxa infantil

Richter's hernia in Spigelian hernia.

A 75-year-old woman presented with a painful abdominal lump. Clinically and sonographically it was diagnosed as an abscess. Surgical exploration revealed a Spigelian hernia with Richter's type of strangulation. The strangulated portion of the ileum had perforated, leading to abscess formation.

Bowel herniation through the laparoscopic trocar site: a case report

We report a 62 years old Bahraini housewife who presented with duodenal ulcer disease. The patient underwent laparoscopic Cholecystectomy. This was the first patient to develop post operative bowel herniation through the laparoscopic site