RESUMEN
A fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which can cause morbidity and death of anurans, has affected amphibian populations on a worldwide basis. Availability of pure cultures of Bd isolates is essential for experimental studies to understand the ecology of this pathogen. We evaluated the relationships of body length of Hylodes cf. ornatus and Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles to depigmentation of mouthparts and determined if dekeratinization indicated an infection by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. A strong association existed for both species, one from South America (Brazil: São Paulo) and one from North America (USA: Maine). We believe it prudent not to kill adult amphibians if avoidable, thus obtaining tissue for isolating Bd from tadpoles is reasonable because infected specimens of some species can be selectively collected based on depigmentation of mouthparts.
O fungo patógeno Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) é apontado como o causador de morbidade e morte em anuros, e tem afetado populações de anfíbios em uma base mundial. Avaliar culturas puras de isolados de Bd é essencial para estudos experimentais para o entendimento da ecologia desse patógeno. Avaliou-se a relação entre o comprimento do corpo em girinos de Hylodes cf. ornatus e Lithobates catesbeianus com a despigmentação das peças bucais, para verificar se a desqueratinização indica uma infecção por Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Uma forte associação existe para ambas as espécies, uma da América do Sul (Brasil: São Paulo) e uma da América do Norte (USA: Maine). Acredita-se ser prudente este uso, para evitar a morte de anfíbios adultos; dessa forma, obter tecidos para isolar o Bd de girinos é razoável, porque espécimes infectados podem ser coletados seletivamente com base na despigmentação do aparelho bucal.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Anuros/microbiología , Quitridiomicetos/aislamiento & purificación , Boca/microbiología , Micosis/veterinaria , Hipopigmentación/microbiología , Larva/microbiología , Micosis/diagnóstico , Micosis/microbiologíaRESUMEN
Mycobacterium leprae, the causative organism of leprosy is slow-growing and the reason is its long incubation period of 2-4 years. Males are predominantly affected and deformity is produced in less than 2% of people affected with the disease. The disease manifests in the skin as macules, papules, nodules, plaques or infiltration. Hypopigmented or erythematous skin patches with definite sensory deficit is one of the clinical cardinal signs by which one can make a definite diagnosis. Demonstration of bacilli in the slit skin smear is the bacteriological cardinal sign used to make definite diagnosis of leprosy. Involvement of common cutaneous nerves with thickening and/or tenderness with its dysfunction is the second clinical cardinal sign used to diagnose leprosy. Diagnosis can be made by eliciting definite sensory deficit in the skin lesions (other than nodules and infiltration). In the absence of two clinical cardinal signs and when there is a strong suspicion of leprosy, slit skin smear should be taken from both ear lobes and one of the lesions for demonstration of acid-test bacilli. Clinical classification is based on characteristics like number of lesions, their margin, sensory deficit, satellite lesions, symmetry of lesions, central healing and scaling. Up to 5 lesions are grouped under paucibacillary and six and more are grouped under multibacillary leprosy.