Valores del análisis citoquímico de líquido cefalorraquídeo en pacientes con derivación ventrículo-peritoneal / Values of cerebrospinal fluid cytochemistry in pediatric patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunt

Resumen Introducción: La derivación ventrículo-peritoneal (DVP) es el tratamiento para la hidrocefalia. El líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) se evalúa para el manejo de sus complicaciones; sin embargo, la información de los valores del citoquímico en esta población es insuficiente. Objetivo: Describir las características del citoquímico del LCR de niños en manejo con DVP. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio de tipo observacional descriptivo, desarrollado en Bogotá (Colombia), entre el año 2008 y 2016. Se revisaron los registros de procedimientos de DVP y relacionados. Se incluyeron pacientes entre 6 meses y 18 años de edad. Resultados: Se revisaron 285 registros e ingresaron 31 muestras. Los valores de LCR fueron, respectivamente, para la mediana y al percentil 90%: leucocitos totales: 0 y 7 céls/mm3, neutrófilos: 0 y 6,8 céls/mm3, linfocitos: 0 y 2 céls/mm3, proteínas: 13,4 y 67,2 mg/dL, glucosa: 59 y 27,4 mg/dL. Discusión: Los valores de glucosa presentan un rango normal hacia el extremo inferior más amplio, con valores de proteínas mayores a los valores esperados. El rango de celularidad es la variable que presenta menor variación. Conclusiones: Los valores del citoquímico de LCR en paciente con DVP no son equiparables a los de la población sana y deben interpretarse según las características propias de esta población.

Background: The ventriculo-peritoneal shunt (VPS) is the treatment for hydrocephalus, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is evaluated for the management of its complications; however, information on the values of the cytochemistry in this population is insufficient. Aim: To describe the characteristics of the CSF cytochemistry of children in VPS management. Methods: Descriptive observational study, developed in Bogotá (Colombia), from 2008 to 2016. VPS and related procedures records were reviewed. Patients between 6 months and 18 years were included. Results: A total of 285 records were reviewed, 31 samples were entered. The CSF values were, respectively, for the median and 90% percentile: total leukocytes: 0 and 7 cells/mm3, neutrophils: 0 and 6.8 cells/mm3, lymphocytes: 0 and 2 cells/mm3, proteins: 13.4 and 67.2 mg/dL, glucose: 59 and 27.4 mg/dL. Discussion: Glucose values evinced a normal rank towards the widest inferior limit with protein values exceeding the values expected. Cellularity is the variable with the lowest variation. Conclusions: The values of the CSF cytochemistry in patients with VPS are not comparable to those of the healthy population and should be interpreted according to the characteristics of this population.

Study of parameters to ensure quality control in histopathology reporting: A meta-analysis at a tertiary care center.

Context : When surgical pathology reports are dispatched to patients and clinicians, sometimes they are discovered to have errors, and it is a common practice for the pathologists to issue amended reports. Measuring the rate at which surgical pathology reports are amended can be used as a tool for assuring quality control in histopathology. Aim : The aim of this study was determine the parameters that can be used as an assessment tool to minimize errors in histopathology. Materials and Methods : This study was carried out at a major histopathology center. The duration of this study was from January 2001 through January 2011(ten years). Following parameters were looked for: Interpretational errors, permanent and frozen section correlation, intradepartmental consultation and cases sent for second opinion, cases brought in tissue committee meetings, audits, and cases discussed in hospital meetings. Results : A total of 28,1931 surgical pathology cases were signed out during the ten-year period. On these, addendums were issued on 5730 cases (2.0%). Additional report issued on 3521 (1.3%). Addendum/corrected report issued for 2209 cases, which was 0.7%, representing the true interpretational error. And out of this number, a second opinion was taken for 5980 cases, and 78 were sent abroad for second opinion. Conclusion : Review by a second pathologist is a strong tool to minimize errors in surgical pathology reporting. This may be done prior to or after the report is dispatched and the case is discussed in the hospital for treatment purposes. This analysis concludes that true interpretational error occurred only in 0.7% of cases, which is an attribute to the strong peer review in the department.

Validación del método mispho para el diagnóstico de leucemias agudas / Mispho's diagnostic method validation for acute leukemia: premio a la mejor teis, Facultad de Bioquimica 2000

Pregunta de investigación. Cuáles son los valores de sensibilidad, especificidad y valores predictivos de las pruebas morfológicas, citoquímicas e inmunofenotipo desarrolladas en el método MISPHO para el diagnóstico de Leucemias Agudas en sujetos de ambos sexos en todo grupo etário?.Objetivos. Determinar los valores de sensibilidad especificidad y valores predictivos de las pruebas morfológicas, citoquímicas e inmunofenotipo desarrolladas en el método MISPHO para el diagnóstico de Leucemias Agudas en sujetos de ambos sexos en todo grupo etáreo. Conocer a través de estadisticas descriptivas el comportamiento de otras variables en estudio. Diseño. Test diagnóstico. Lugar. Unidad de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Genética, Fac. Medicina, UMSA. Poblacón 44 casos y 20 controles por cálculo muestral en ambos sexos y de grupos etáreos diverso y que realizaron sus exámenes hematológicos en la Unidad mencionada. Métodos. Se recolectó médula ósea para realizar las pruebas morfológica, citoquímica, inmunofenotipo y determinación de daños moleculares, se llenó una hoja de registro con datos personales, antecedentes generales y parámetros hematológicos. Se utilizó estadítica descriptiva, test de significancia, t-test, chi2, tablas de contingencia de 2x2. Resultados. Se observó que no existe asociación sexo-enfermedad con P de 0,279. No existe diferencia entre los promedios de edad de los pacientes con la enfermedad con P de 0, 652. La sensibilidad del método para el diagnóstico de leucemia linfoblástica es de 100 por ciento, especialidad 100 por ciento, valores predictivos positivos y negativos 100 por ciento. La sensibilidad del método para el diagnóstico de leucemia mieloide es de 83 por ciento, especialidad 100 por ciento, valor predictivo positivo 100 por ciento y valor predictivo negativo 90 por ciento La sensibilidad, especialidad y valores predictivos tanto negativo como positivo del método MISPHO global son del 100 por ciento. Conclusiones.Los métodos utilizados son altamente sensibles y especificos, así mismo los valores predictivos compueban que el método MISPHO es válido y aplicable para el diagnóstico de Leucemias Agudas con la aplicación de recursos minimos.

value of qualitative cytochemistry of blood neutrophils in acute myeloid leukemia

Qualitative cytochemistry of blood neutrophils was studied at the diagnosis in thirty-one patients and was followed up in fifteen patients. At diagnosis, neutrophil myeloperoxidase [POX], chloroacetate esterase [CAE] and alkaline phosphatase [NAP] were significantly reduced in patients with AML compared with levels in ten normal controls. In remission period, the enzyme activities increased markedly for the fifteen patients who were followed up and when five cases with bone marrow aplasia were excluded, the other ten cases [with partial and complete remission] showed statistically higher values than the pretreatment period. The blood picture parameters were greatly affected by treatment as white blood cells and blast cells decreased markedly to normal values, while platelets increased markedly. It was concluded that peripheral hemogram and neutrophil enzyme activities can predict the state of remission [partial, complete or bone marrow aplasia] instead of doing the troublesome bone marrow aspirates

Erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase activities in hemoglobin H disease.

Erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and pyruvate kinase (PK) activities were studied in hemoglobin H (HbH) patients by spectrophotometric method, cytochemical method and the methemoglobin reduction (MR) test for the detection of heterozygous G6PD deficiency. G6PD deficiency was found in 7 of 64 cases (10.9%), including 3 cases of genotype alpha 1/alpha 2 and 4 cases of genotype alpha 1/CS. None of the HbH patients was found to be PK-deficient. Spectrophotometrically determined G6PD and PK activities were significantly higher in HbH patients than in normals (p less than 0.001), whereas the MR test yielded a significantly lower percentage of residual methemoglobin in HbH patients than in normals (p less than 0.05). All three methods were efficient in the detection of hemizygous G6PD deficiency in HbH patients, but not in G6PD-deficient females.

Immunophenotype and cytochemical reactions of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Thai children.

The immunophenotypes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in 28 Thai children were studied by the APAAP technique using a panel of eight specific monoclonal antibodies: HLA-DR, CD 19, CALLA (CD 10), IgM, CD 7, CD 3, CD 4, and CD 8. Sixty-eight, 18, 3.5, 3.5, and 7 per cent were respectively shown to be common, null, pre-B, B, and mature thymocyte T subtypes. Cytochemical reactions (beta-glucuronidase, alpha naphthyl acetate esterase, and acid phosphatase) in this study could identify null, common, and T ALLs with confidence, and could be used in the process of ALL subtyping to reduce cost.

Histochemical stainings, biological cultures and therapeutic responses of granulomatous lymphadenitis in Ramathibodi Hospital-prospective study of 57 cases.

The study was designed to delineate the etiology of granulomatous lymphadenitis which is one of the most common lesions encountered in our routine surgical pathology practice. Fifty-seven lymph nodes diagnosed histopathologically as granulomatous lymphadenitis were cultured and stained by special histochemical stains for tuberculosis, fungus, anaerobic and aerobic bacteria. M.tuberculosis was isolated in 60-70 per cent of lesions. The remaining 30-40 per cent of the lesions failed to demonstrate any infectious agent but most of the available follow-up cases showed satisfactory response to antituberculous drugs. Ziehl-Neelsen's stain showed very low sensitivity but excellent specificity and is still recommended for use to differentiate from other infectious agents in the areas where infectious agents are prevalent.