Efeito da somatotropina bovina recombinante (rbST) na produção in vivo e na maturação in vitro de oócitos bovinos da raça Sindi / Effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) on the in vivo production and in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes of the Sindi breed

A fim de avaliar o efeito de diferentes doses da rbST sobre a dinâmica folicular, a produção e a maturação in vitro de oócitos, 20 vacas Sindi, divididas em três grupos, receberam um dispositivo de progesterona intravaginal, estradiol e PGF2α, além de 2mL de solução salina (grupo controle), 250 (grupo rbST 250) ou 500mg de rbST (grupo rbST 500). Cinco dias depois, realizou-se a ovum pick up, e os complexos cumulus-oócitos (CCOs) recuperados foram selecionados, classificados e maturados in vitro. Os dados de contagem foram comparados pelo procedimento glht (General Linear Hypothesis Test), e os dados em porcentagem foram submetidos ao qui-quadrado, no programa estatístico R, onde as diferenças foram consideradas significativas quando P<0,05. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre os grupos quanto à quantidade de folículos e à taxa de maturação. Os grupos rbST 250 e rbST 500 foram significativamente superiores (P<0,05) ao grupo controle em relação ao número de folículos grandes (0,42±0,20 vs. 0). O grupo rbST 500 apresentou maior (P<0,05) porcentagem de oócitos viáveis (91,52%) do que os grupos controle (67,85%) e rbST 250 (53,33%). A rbST aumenta o número de folículos grandes, e 500mg de rbST aumentam a porcentagem de oócitos viáveis em vacas Sindi.(AU)

In order to evaluate the effect of different doses of rbST on the follicular dynamics, production, and in vitro maturation of oocytes, 20 Sindhi cows were divided into three groups, receiving an intravaginal progesterone device, estradiol and PGF2α, and 2mL of solution saline (Control Group), 250 (rbST 250 Group) or 500mg rbST (rbST 500 Group). Five days later, the ovum pick up was performed, and the cumulus-oocyte (CCO) complexes recovered were selected, classified, and matured in vitro. The counting data were compared by the glht (General Linear Hypothesis Test) procedure, and the percentage data were submitted to Qui- square, in the statistical program R, where differences were considered significant when P< 0.05. There was no difference (P> 0.05) between the groups regarding follicle quantity and maturation rate. The rbST 250 and rbST 500 groups were significantly higher (P< 0.05) than the Control group in relation to the number of large follicles (0.42±0.20 versus 0). The rbST 500 group presented higher (P< 0.05) percentage of viable oocytes (91.52%) than the Control (67.85%) and rbST 250 (53.33%) groups. rbST increases the number of large follicles and 500mg rbST increases the percentage of viable oocytes in Sindhi cows.(AU)

Effect of growth hormone (GH) and resistance training on the collagen properties of femoral bone tissue / Efecto de la hormona de crecimiento (HC) y el entrenamiento de fuerza en las propiedades colágenas del tejido óseo femoral

The indiscriminate use of anabolic steroids in gyms has been growing in a generalized way, among which, the most common is growth hormone (GH). In the short term GH may potentiate muscle growth, especially when taken in combination with resistance training. However, the effects of this hormone are not yet fully understood in the literature, especially in relation to collagen properties. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the application of growth hormone (GH) and resistance training (RT) on the collagen properties of femoral bone tissue using Raman Spectroscopy. In this study 40 male rats were randomly distributed into four groups (n=10): control (C), control and GH application (GH), resistance training (T), and resistance training and GH application (GHT). The training consisted of four series of 10 water jumps, performed three times a week, with an overload corresponding to 50 % of body weight and duration of four weeks. GH was applied at a dosage of 0.2 IU/Kg (0.067 mg/kg) to each animal, three times a week, every other day. The animals were euthanized and the right femurs were collected for analysis of bone structure. Raman spectroscopy (RS) was used to observe the following compounds from their respective bands: type I collagen (662 cm-1), amide III (1243 cm-1), proteins including type I collagen (1278 cm-1), woven collagen (1322 cm-1), association of collagen, phospholipids, nucleic acid, and phosphate (1330 cm-1), and collagen and protein deformation (1448 cm-1). The results demonstrated an increase in the collagen properties in all analyzed variables, however, the T group presented a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). It is possible to conclude that isolated physical training was shown to be more efficient than when combined with the application of GH to increase the collagen properties of the femoral bone tissue.

El uso indiscriminado de anabolizantes en los gimnasios ha aumentado de forma generalizada, entre éstos la hormona de crecimiento (HC) es una de las más utilizadas, y a corto plazo puede potencializar el crecimiento muscular, principalmente cuando es realizado en combinación con el entrenamiento de fuerza. Sin embargo, los efectos de esta hormona aún no están totalmente esclarecidos en la literatura, especialmente en relación a las propiedades colágenas. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la aplicación del HC y entrenamiento de fuerza (E) en las propiedades colágenas del tejido óseo femoral a partir de la utilización de la espectroscopía Raman. Se usaron 40 ratas Wistar distribuidos en cuatro grupos (n=10): control (C), control y aplicación del HC (HCC), entrenamiento de fuerza (E) y entrenamiento de fuerza y aplicación del HC (THC). El entrenamiento fue compuesto por cuatro series de 10 saltos acuáticos, realizados tres veces por semana, con sobrecarga correspondiente a 50 % del peso corporal y duración de cuatro semanas. El HC fue aplicado en una dosificación de 0,2 UI/Kg (0,067 mg/kg) en cada animal, tres veces por semana, en días no consecutivos. Los animales fueran eutanasiados y se retiró el fémur derecho para realización del análisis de la estructura ósea. La espectroscopía Raman (ER) fue utilizada para observar los siguientes compuestos a partir de las respectivas bandas: colágeno tipo I (662 cm-1), amida III (1243 cm1), proteínas, incluido colágeno tipo I (1278 cm-1), colágeno retorcido (1322 cm-1), asociación de colágeno, fosfolípidos, ácidos nucleicos y fosfato (1330 cm-1), deformación de colágeno y proteína (1448 cm-1). Hubo aumento en las propiedades colágenas en todas las variables analizadas, sin embargo, solamente el grupo E demostró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p<0,05). En conclusión, para el aumento de las propiedades colágenas del tejido óseo femoral, el entrenamiento físico aislado es más eficiente que el entrenamiento combinado con el uso de HC.

Aplicaciones de la hormona de crecimiento humana recombinante en HIV. Efectos sobre el aparato inmune / Aplication of the recombinant human growth hormone in HIV. Effects on the immune system

El presente trabajo realiza una investigación bibliográfica sobre el uso clínico de RhGH en pacientes adultos HIV en su rol inmunomodulador mediante búsqueda booleana en Pubmed de los términos RhGH yHIV en artículos de ensayos clínicos, únicamente en adultos a partir de los 19 o más años de edad hasta enero del 2019

Muscle strength training is better than the use of growth hormone (GH) in bone health of Wistar rats / Entrenamiento de la fuerza muscular es mejor que el uso de la hormona del crecimiento (GH) en salud ósea del ratas Wistar

SUMMARY: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of growth hormone (GH) and muscle strength training (ST) on the composition of bone tissue of Wistar rats through Raman spectroscopy. In total, 40 male rats were randomly distributed into four groups: (N = 10) control (C), control with the application of GH (GHC), strength training (T), and strength training with the application of GH (GHT). The training consisted of four series of 10 water jumps, performed three times a week, with an overload corresponding to 50 % of body weight and duration of four weeks. GH was applied at a dose of 0.2 IU / kg in each animal three times a week and every other day. After four weeks, the animals were euthanized and the right femurs collected for analysis of the bone structure. Raman spectroscopy (ER) was used to observe the following compounds from their respective bands: Calcium Carbonate-Triglycerides (fatty acids) 1073 cm-1, Collagen type I 509 cm-1, Bone-DNA Phosphate (Protein) 589 cm-1, Phosphate Phospholipids 1078 cm-1. For the statistical analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk and ANOVA One-Way variance analysis normality tests were performed, followed by the Tukey post-test. The results showed an increase in the concentrations of calcium carbonate-triglycerides (fatty acids), type I collagen, bone phosphate-DNA (protein), and phosphate phospholipids in all experimental groups, with or without ST and/or GH , But only the isolated training group differed significantly from the control group (P <0.05). It was concluded that all treatments could promote bone tissue gain, however, only the T group demonstrated a significant difference in the mineral compounds analyzed.

RESUMEN: El objetivo del estudio fue avaluar el efecto de la aplicación de la hormona del crecimiento (GH) y entrenamiento de la fuerza muscular (EF) en la composición del tejido óseo de ratas Wistar a partir de la espectroscopía Raman. Fueron utilizadas 40 ratas machos distribuidas de forma aleatoria en cuatro grupos (n=10): control (C), control y aplicación de GH (GHC), entrenamiento de la fuerza muscular (EF) y entrenamiento de la fuerza muscular y aplicación del GH (GHE). El entrenamiento fue consistió en cuatro series de 10 saltos acuáticos, realizados tres veces en la semana, con sobrecarga correspondiente a 50 % de la masa corporal y durante cuatro semanas. El GH fue aplicado en la dosificación de 0,2 UI/kg en cada animal, tres veces en la semana y en días alternados. Después de cuatro semanas, los animales fueran eutanasiados y retirados los fémures derechos para un análisis de la estructura ósea. La espectroscopía Raman fue utilizada para observar los siguientes compuestos a partir de las respectivas bandas: Carbonato de Calcio-Triglicéridos (ácidos grasos) 1073 cm-1, Colágeno Tipo I 509 cm-1, Fosfato Óseo-DNA (Proteína) 589 cm1, Fosfato Fosfolípidos 1078 cm-1. Para el análisis estadístico, fueron realizadas las pruebas Shapiro-Wilk y el análisis de variancia ANOVA One-Way, seguida de test post hoc de Tukey. Los resultados revelaran aumento de la concentración de Carbonato de Calcio-Triglicéridos (ácidos grasos), Colágeno Tipo I, Fosfato Óseo- DNA (Proteína), Fosfato Fosfolípidos en todos los grupos experimentales, asociados o no a la realización del EF y/o aplicación del GH. Además, solamente el grupo EF mostró diferencia significativa del grupo C (p<0,05). Es posible concluir que todos los tratamientos mostraran aumentos en el tejido óseo, sin embargo, solamente el grupo T demostró una diferencia significativa en los compuestos minerales analizados.

Morphometric study of muscle fibers in rats submitted to strength training and growth hormone / Estudio morfométrico de las fibras musculares de ratas sometidos a entrenamiento de la fuerza muscular y hormona del crecimiento

The aim of the present study was to observe the changes in the muscle tissue of rats after application of growth hormone (GH) and performing a strength training protocol (ST). In total, 40 male Wistar rats, 60 days old, were used, divided into four groups: control (C), control and application of GH (GHC), strength training (T), and strength training with the application of GH (GHT). The physical training protocol (PT) was composed of four series of 10 jumps in water, 3x/week, with an overload of 50 % of body weight for four weeks. GH was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 0.2 IU/Kg to the GHC and GHT groups and saline (0.9 % sodium chloride) to the C and T groups. After four weeks of PT, the animals were euthanized and samples taken from the Soleus muscle. Histological sections were produced with a thickness of 5 mm and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide tetrazolium reductase (NADH-TR). The markings for determining the measurement of the smallest diameter of muscle fibers (MF) were carried out using the software (AuxioVisionRel 4.8-Carl Zeiss® and NIS-Elements D3.0-SP7-Nikon®). After obtaining the data, the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality was performed and then the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn post-test were used for analysis of MF and the Student t test for the analysis of intragroup body weights. All procedures adopted a 5 % significance value (p <0.05) and were performed using the software SPSS 22.0 for Windows®. It was observed that both the GH and PT were able to generate increased diameter of MF (C:31.81±6.35; GHC:36.88±6.38; T:38.38± 6.94; GHT:36.89±7.16). Moreover, when analyzing the type, a significant increase was found only in the fast twitch MF (C:33.78±7.78; GHC:37.80±6.03; T:38.53±6.94; GHT:37.98±7.65) when compared to the slow twitch (C:25.93±6.66; GHC:26.95±8.03; T:26.24±6.90; GHT:27.20±5.77).

El objetivo de la investigación fue observar las modificaciones en tejido muscular esquelético de ratas después de la aplicación de la hormona del crecimiento (GH) y posterior entrenamiento de fuerza muscular (EFM). Fueran utilizadas 40 ratas Wistar, con 60 días de edad, distribuidas en: control (C), control y aplicación de la hormona del crecimiento (GHC), entrenamiento de fuerza muscular (T), y entrenamiento de fuerza muscular y hormona del crecimiento (GHT). El protocolo de entrenamiento (PT) fue compuesto por cuatro series de diez saltos acuáticos, 3x/semana, con sobrecarga de 50 % del peso corporal, por cuatro semanas. El GH fue aplicado de forma intraperitoneal con una dosis de 0,2UI/kg en grupos GHC y GHT y solución salina (0,9% clorhidrato de sodio) en grupos C y T. Después de cuatro semanas del PT, los animales fueron sacrificados y retirados los músculos sóleos. Se realizaron cortes de 5 µm los que fueron coloreados con Hematoxilina y Eosina (HE), posteriormente fueron sometidos a reacción con nicotinamida adenina dinucleotide tetrazolium reductasa (NADH-TR). Después de la obtención de los datos, fue utilizado la prueba del Shapiro-Wilk para la verificación de la normalidad de los datos y se usó el ensayo de Kruskal-Wallis con pos verificación del Dunn para análisis de las fibras musculares (FM) y prueba t del Student para la análisis del peso corporal entre los grupos. Todos los procedimientos fueron establecidos con valor de la significancia de 5 % (p<0,05) y realizados con el software SPSS 22.0 for Windows®. Fue verificado que tanto lo GH cuanto lo PT fueran capaces de proporcionar el aumento en el diámetro de las FM (C:31.81±6.35; GHC:36.88±6.38; T:38.38±6.94; GHT:36.89±7.16). En relación al tipo de fibras se observó aumento significativo solamente en las FM de contracción rápida (C:33.78±7.78; GHC:37.80±6.03; T:38.53±6.94; GHT:37.98±7.65) cuando se comparó con las FM de contracción lenta (C:25.93±6.66; GHC:26.95±8.03; T:26.24±6.90; GHT:27.20±5.77).

Relación entre tratamiento con hormona de crecimiento y perfiles de personalidad en mujeres con diagnóstico de Síndrome de Turner / Relationship between growth hormone treatment and personality profiles in women diagnosed with Turner Syndrome

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue identificar la existencia de perfiles distintivos en las escalas de personalidad en relación con la aplicación o no de hormona de crecimiento en 73 mujeres adultas con diagnóstico de Síndrome de Turner de Latinoamérica. Para ello se administró, en formato online, el Inventario Clínico Multiaxial de Millon II y un cuestionario clínico para recabar datos sobre la realización o no de tratamiento con hormona de crecimiento durante el desarrollo con el fin de omparar ambos grupos. Los resultados encontrados muestran que el grupo que no realizó tratamiento con hormona de crecimiento obtiene medias más altas en casi la totalidad de las escalas de personalidad básicas y patológicas en comparación con el grupo que sírealizó tratamiento, siendo dicha diferencia significativa en la escala esquizotípica. Esta escala se asocia con necesidades afectivas mínimas, aislamiento social y apego empobrecido. Estos resultados podrían dar cuenta que el tratamiento con hormona de crecimiento sería un factor positivo para esta población, favoreciendo el desarrollo de características de personalidad más adaptativas en relación a lo social.

The aim of this study was to identify the existence of distinctive profiles on the personality scales in relation to the application or not of the growth hormone in 73 adult women diagnosed with Turner Syndrome in Latin America. For it was administered, in online form, the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory II and a clinical questionnaire to collect data on the realization or non-treatment with growth hormone during development in order to compare both groups. The results show that the group did not make growth hormone treatment gets highest averages in nearly all of the basic and pathological personality scales compared to the group that if he completed treatment, being such significant difference in schizotypal scale. This scale is associatedwith minimal emotional needs, social isolation and impoverished attachment. These results might note that treatment with growth hormone could be a positive factorfor this population, favoring the development of more adaptive personality characteristics in relation to the social aspects.

Efficacy and Safety of Sustained-Release Recombinant Human Growth Hormone in Korean Adults with Growth Hormone Deficiency

PURPOSE: The administration of recombinant human growth hormone in adults with growth hormone deficiency has been known to improve metabolic impairment and quality of life. Patients, however, have to tolerate daily injections of growth hormone. The efficacy, safety, and compliance of weekly administered sustained-release recombinant human growth hormone (SR-rhGH, Declage(TM)) supplement in patients with growth hormone deficiency were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This trial is 12-week prospective, single-arm, open-label trial. Men and women aged > or =20 years with diagnosed growth hormone deficiency (caused by pituitary tumor, trauma and other pituitary diseases) were eligible for this study. Each subject was given 2 mg (6 IU) of SR-rhGH once a week, subcutaneously for 12 weeks. Efficacy and safety at baseline and within 30 days after the 12th injection were assessed and compared. Score of Assessment of Growth Hormone Deficiency in Adults (AGHDA score) for quality of life and serum IGF-1 level. RESULTS: The IGF-1 level of 108.67+/-74.03 ng/mL was increased to 129.01+/-68.37 ng/mL (p=0.0111) and the AGHDA QoL score was decreased from 9.80+/-6.51 to 7.55+/-5.76 (p<0.0001) at week 12 compared with those at baseline. Adverse events included pain, swelling, erythema, and warmth sensation at the administration site, but many adverse events gradually disappeared during the investigation. CONCLUSION: Weekly administered SR-rhGH for 12 weeks effectively increased IGF-1 level and improved the quality of life in patients with GH deficiency without serious adverse events.

Tratamiento con hormona de crecimiento en niños menores de 6 años de edad, con talla baja, nacidos pequeños para la edad gestacional / Growth hormone treatment in younger than six years of age short children born small for gestational age

Introducción. Un 10 por ciento de los niños nacidos pequeños para la edad gestacional no presentan un crecimiento compensador y permanecen bajos. El tratamiento con hormona de crecimiento, aprobado en los países desarrollados, ha demostrado su eficacia en estos niños. Objetivo. Determinar la eficacia y la seguridad del tratamiento con hormona de crecimiento durante dos años en niños nacidos pequeños para la edad gestacional sin deficiencia de hormona de crecimiento. Material y métodos. Se trataron 14 niños menoresde 6 años con hormona de crecimiento a 1,0 UI/kg/semana. Resultados. Se observó un aumento significativo en la velocidad de crecimiento (media más sobre menos DE) de 5,4 más sobre menos 1,7 cm/año a 9,8 1,5 cm/año y 7,6 más sobre menos 1,5 cm/año durante el primer y segundo años, respectivamente, (p= 0,00058). Ello resultó en una mejoría significativa en el puntaje z de talla(media más sobre menos DE) de -2,79 más sobre menos 0,3 a -1,27 más sobre menos 0,5 en 2 años (p < 0,0001). Se observó un incremento significativo en las concentraciones de IGF-I y su proteína transportadora BP3 a los 12 y 24 meses del tratamiento. Las concentraciones de glucosa e insulina aumentaron significativamente durante el estudio (ANOVA, p = 0,0006 y p = 0,036, respectivamente). Dos de los índices de sensibilidad a la insulina utilizados revelaron una leve alteración en la sensibilidad a la insulina. Conclusiones. El tratamiento durante 2 años con hormona del crecimiento produjo un aumento significativo de la talla de los pacientes nacidos pequeños para la edad gestacional y permitió alcanzar una talla dentro de los límites normales. No se informaron episodios adversos mayores durante el tratamiento.

Introduction. Approximately 10 percent of children born small for gestational age (SGA) do not show spontaneous catch-up growth. Objective. Our objective was to assess the efficacy and safety of 2 years growth hormone treatment in children younger than 6 years of age, born SGA. Material and methods. Fourteen patients, mean age 4.2 more about less 1.1 years were treated with growth hormone at 1.0 UI/kg/wk for two years. Results. Growth velocity increased from a mean more about less SD of 5.4 more about less 1.7 cm/yr to 9.8 more about less 1.50 cm/yr and 7.6 more about less 1.5 cm/yr during the first year and second year, respectively (p 0.00058). Serum IGF-I and its binding protein BP3 increased significantly throughout treatment. Basal glucose and insulin levels increased significantly during treatment, p= 0.0006 and p= 0.036, respectively, without significant changes in postprandial glucose or insulin levels. A mild change in insulin sensitivity was observed along treatment. Conclusion. Two years growth hormone treat-ment induced a significant growth acceleration in children born small for gestational age, allowing them to attain a normal height. No serious adverse events were reported.

Turner syndrome: searching for better outcomes

OBJECTIVES: To assess the results of growth hormone on the growth of girls with Turner Syndrome and identify relevant parameters to improve outcomes. METHODS: Growth velocity and final height were studied in a historical cohort of 41 girls, regularly followed up for hormone distribution at three referral centers. The influence of oxandrolone and of estrogens on the final height was analyzed. The girls (initial chronological age=8.9±3.4years; initial bone age=7.0±3.1years) used 0.19 mg/kg/week of growth hormone for 4.0 ± 2.0 years. RESULTS: In the first year, growth velocity increased by 71.5 percent in 41 girls and 103.4 percent in those who reached final height (11 girls). The whole group had a gain in the height SDS of 0.8 ± 0.7 (p<0.01) and for those who reached a final height of 1.0 ± 0.8 (p<0.01). Final height (143.6 ±6.3 cm) was 3.9 ± 5.3 cm higher than the predicted height, and the height gain occurred before estrogen therapy. Oxandrolone had no significant influence on height gain. The significant variables contributing to the final height were the duration of growth hormone used and its use prior to starting estrogens, the initial height SDS, and the growth velocity during the first year of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the use of growth hormone significantly increased the final height, which remained lower than the target. Results point to a need for starting growth hormone use as early as possible and to maximize treatment before estrogen replacement. It has been observed that even moderate doses of growth hormone may significantly increase early growth velocity.

Perfil metabólico de touros da raça Nelore (Bos taurus indicus) confinados e tratados com somatotrofina bovina recombinante (r-bST) / Metabolic and hormonal profile of feedlot Nellore bulls (Bos taurus indicus) and treated with recombinant bovine somatotropin (r-bST)

Avaliaram-se os efeitos da administração da somatotrofina bovina recombinante (r-bST) sobre os metabólitos sangüíneos de touros da raça Nelore de duas diferentes idades. Foram utilizados 16 touros, distribuídos em um delineamento fatorial 2 x 2 (idades: jovens e adultos; r-bST: 0 e 500mg) com quatro animais por tratamento. A idade média dos animais foi de 13,37 e 20,62 meses para jovens e adultos, respectivamente. Quatro animais por tratamento receberam, a cada 14 dias, solução salina ou 500mg de r-bST, totalizando nove aplicações por animal, em um período experimental de 120 dias. Os touros foram alimentados com silagem de milho e ração concentrada à base de farelo de milho e soja, duas vezes por dia, fornecidas em baias individuais. As coletas de sangue foram realizadas a cada três dias, para determinação da concentração dos metabólicos sangüíneos. Para análise estatística, foram compilados dados a intervalo de três aplicações, o que constituiu um período (período 1, 2 e 3). As concentrações de ácidos graxos não-esterificados (NEFA) foram analisadas semanalmente. As concentrações séricas de colesterol, proteína total e plasmáticas de glicose diferiram para os períodos e nos grupos de tratamentos (P<0,05). As concentrações de NEFA foram influenciadas pelas semanas de coleta (P<0,05), mas não pelo tratamento com ou sem r-bST (P>0,05).

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin (r-bST) administration on profiles of blood metabolites of two different ages Nellore bulls. Sixteen bulls were randomly allotted in a factorial arrangement 2 x 2 (ages: youngs and adults; and r-bST dose: 0 and 500 mg) with four animals per treatment. The mean ages of the young and adult animals were 13.37 and 20.62 months, respectively. Four animals per treatment received saline solution or r-bST 500mg, every 14 days, totaling nine applications per animal during 120 days. The Bulls were fed corn silage and concentrated diet based on corn crumb and soybean meal, twice a day, in individual stalls. Blood was collected every three days for metabolic evaluation. The statistical analyses of the data were performed in three applications, considering three periods (1, 2 and 3). Non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations were weekly analyzed. Serum cholesterol, total protein and glucose levels were affected either by period or the treatment (P<0.05). The NEFA was affected by weeks of collection (P<0.05) but not by r-bST treatment (P>0.05).

Effect of recombinant somatotropin with or without PMSG on postpartum multiparous buffalo in Egypt

This study was carried out on ten Egyptian female multi parous buffaloes suffering from prolonged postpartum period with no estrous signs and low serum progesterone level. Animals were randomly divided into two groups. Females in both groups were injected subcutaneously with 500 mg recombinant bovine somatotropin "rbST",one group received a single intramuscular dose of PMSG [2000 i.u.] 7 days later. Blood samples were collected one week before treatment and for four consecutive weeks after treatment. The levels of progesterone, insulin-like growth factor- 1[IGF-1] and total cholesterol were analysed. Injection of rbST with or without PMSG elevated serum level of IGF-1 for the first two weeks post-injection then declined during the 3rd and 4th weeks compared to pretreatment levels. Both serum progesterone and total cholesterol levels increased throughout the 4 weeks post-injection as compared with their corresponding control values before treatments. In addition, rbST increased milk yield significantly as well as motivated the females to resume cyclic activity of the ovaries [4 / 5 in animals treated with rbST plus PMSG and 3/5 in those treated with rbST alone]. The conception percent improved

Histochemistry and growth characteristics of bovine semitendinosus muscle exposed to recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST)

Bovine skeletal muscle growth characteristics and muscle fiber type frequency are of primary interest because they both play a fundamental role in modeling meat quality and tenderness, although the precise relationship remains undefined. Growth promoters like rbST have been reported to have varying effects on muscle growth performance. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the histochemistry and growth characteristics of bovine semitendinosus muscle treated with rbST. Animals were divided into two groups: control (saline-injected; n=8) and rbST-injected (15 ug/kg; n=8). Heifers were injected every 14 days from day 210 until day 285 of age. Muscle samples were collected (day 210 and 360) and frozen in liquid nitrogen. Histological sections (10 um) underwent morphological and histochemical analysis (HE, NADH-TR and mATPase), morphometry (fiber area and distribution), and biochemical analysis. Fibers were classified as SO, FOG, and FG. FOG fiber percentage distribution decreased and cross-sectional area increased in rbSTtreated animals. Recombinant bST caused a greater animal body weight gain and FOG fiber hypertrophy, while contributing to a decrease in FOG fiber distribution. We conclude that the phenotypic modulation seen in this muscle fiber suggests a potential role of this muscle in modeling the meat quality.

Efeito da somatotropina bovina recombinante (rBST) sobre o desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo de vacas da raça Holandesa / Effect of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rBST) on productive and reproductive performance of Holstein cows

Avaliaram-se os efeitos da aplicação de rBST sobre o desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo de vacas da raça Holandesa no início da lactação. Foram avaliadas 41 vacas, dos 60 aos 150 dias de lactação, distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, em três tratamentos: 1- sem aplicação de rBST (controle); 2- aplicação de rBST 60 dias após o parto (rBST-60); 3- aplicação de rBST 100 dias após o parto (rBST-100). A aplicação de rBST aumentou a produção de leite e a produção de leite corrigida a 4 por cento de gordura em 14,0 e 13,2 por cento, respectivamente, quando administrada aos 60 dias pós-parto. Não se observou efeito da aplicação de rBST sobre a porcentagem e a produção de gordura do leite nem sobre o período de serviço, número de serviços por concepção e taxa de gestação aos 150 dias de lactação. O uso do rBST também não afetou o ganho de peso dos animais durante o período avaliado. A aplicação de rBST aos 60 dias de lactação proporcionou maiores pico de produção e persistência da lactação, sem, no entanto, influenciar o desempenho reprodutivo. A aplicação de rBST aos 100 dias de lactação não aumentou a produção de leite e o desempenho reprodutivo das vacas.

Novas terapias ergogênicas no tratamento da doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica / New treatments for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using ergogenic aids

A doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica é considerada, atualmente, uma doença sistêmica, cujas alterações estruturais e metabólicas podem levar à disfunção muscular esquelética. Esta afeta negativamente o desempenho muscular respiratório e periférico, a capacidade funcional, a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde e mesmo a sobrevida. A indicação de suplementação de substâncias ergogênicas para pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica baseia-se no fato de que estas drogas podem evitar, ou minimizar, o catabolismo e/ou estimular a síntese protéica, diminuindo a depleção de massa muscular e aumentando a capacidade de exercício. A presente revisão sumariza o conhecimento disponível acerca da utilização de esteróides anabolizantes, creatina, L-carnitina, aminoácidos de cadeia ramificada e hormônio de crescimento em pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica. A vantagem do uso dessas substâncias ergogênicas parece residir no aumento da massa magra e/ou na indução de modificações bioenergéticas. Nesse contexto, a maior experiência acumulada é com os esteróides anabolizantes. Entretanto, os benefícios clínicos em relação à melhora da capacidade de exercício e força muscular, bem como os efeitos na morbimortalidade, não foram, até a presente data, consistentemente demonstrados. A suplementação ergogênica pode vir a se constituir numa ferramenta adjuvante para o tratamento de pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica avançada, especialmente naqueles com depleção muscular e/ou fraqueza periférica.

Pré-tratamento com somatotropina bovina (rbST) na superovulação de doadoras da raça Holandesa / Pre-treatment with bovine somatotropin (rbST) in the superovulation of Holstein donors

Estudou-se o efeito da somatotropina bovina recombinante (rbST) sobre o número e qualidade dos embriões de 40 vacas da raça Holandesa, distribuídas aleatoriamente em três grupos: controle (GI, n=15), tratadas com 250mg de rbST (GII, n=11) e tratadas com 500mg de rbST (GIII, n=14) no sexto dia do ciclo estral. No décimo dia após o estro, as doadoras foram submetidas ao tratamento superovulatório com 360mg de hormônio folículo estimulante (FSH) em doses decrescentes, duas vezes ao dia, com intervalos de 12 horas. Juntamente com a sétima aplicação de FSH foram administrados 0,5mg de cloprostenol (análogo da PGF2alfa) e as doadoras inseminadas artificialmente 12, 20 e 28 horas após o início da manifestação de estro. Os embriões foram coletados, não cirurgicamente, no sétimo dia após a primeira inseminação. A administração de 250 ou 500mg de rbST aumentou (P<0,05) o percentual de embriões viáveis e não alterou a taxa de gestação das receptoras.

Growth hormone deficiency in children: an approach to a child with short stature.

The importance of recognition of short stature in a child is very important as it allows one to identify important medical conditions where physical shortness is only one manifestation. Causes of short stature are: Familial, idiopathic, delay in growth and maturation, chronic systemic illnesses, endocrinopathies, rickets, skeletal dysplasia, chromosomal disorders and emotional deprivation. Proper history, physical examination, endocrine and non-endocrine investigations are crucial for arriving at the diagnosis of short stature. The cardinal manifestation of growth hormone deficiency in children obviously interferes physical growth. Causes of growth hormone deficiency may be congenital or acquired. A peak growth hormone level of < 10 microg/l in response to stimulation tests along with some clinical features is generally considered sufficient to diagnose growth hormone deficiency. Growth hormone in a dose of 25-50 microg/kg/day should be administered subcutaneously once daily at bed time for growth hormone deficiency state.

Efecto de la hormona somatotropica sobre la secrecion de insulina de perros cachorros / Effect of somatotropic hormone on insulin secretion in pups

En el presente estudio se abordó el efecto de la somatotropina de origen bovino (bSTH) en el perro cachorro. Se pbservó el perfil diario caracterizado por un incremento de la insulina inmunorreactiva sérica (IIR) a partir de las 6h de la administración subcutánea de bSTH, el cual se mantiene por 24h. La glicemia permaneció dentro de los límites normales observados en el periodo control, mientras que los ácidos grasos libres sufrieron un incremento significativo. La adminsitración intravenosa de glucosa, a las 24h de una segunda dosis de bSTH, prodyjo una excursión de la glucemia dentro de límites normales, con un exagerado aumento de la IIR, creando una situación que semeja los estados de resistencia insulínica. Los resultados señalan en el cachorro una respuesta cualitativamente similar a del perro adulto, en la cual la hiperinsulinemia debe jugar papel importante en el sostenimiento de la normoglicemia.

Efecto del líquido folicular equino y la somatotropina bovina en la sobrevivencia de embriones ovinos transferidos asincrónicamente / Effect of equine follicular fluid and bovine somatotropin in the survival of ovine embryos asynchronously transferred

La asincronía materno-embrionaria pudiera resolverse incrementando los niveles de progesterona (P4) para promover el desarrollo embrionario, o retrasando la luteólisis. Para tal fin se administró somatotropina bovina (ST), líquido folicular equino (LFE) o ambos, a receptoras de embriones en asincronía. Se recolectaron embriones en 25 donadores el día 6 posestro. Las receptoras se sincronizaron con acetato de fluorogestona y PGF2Ó, y en las asincrónicas de todos los grupos se retiró el progestágeno 3.5 días antes que en las donadoras. Se dividieron en cinco tratamientos: sincronía (sin), n=16; asincronía + LFE (asinlfe), n=19; asincronía + ST (asins), n=7; y asincronía + LFE + ST (asinlfst), n=10. Las concentraciones de progesterona (3.3 ng/ml) fueron mayores en el grupo asinlfe (P< 0.05). Las menores concentraciones (1.4 ng/ml) se presentaron en el asinst. La fase lútea de mayor duración, 16.8 días promedio, se presentó en las no gestantes del grupo asin. En cuatro ovejas del asinlfe se retrasó la luteólisis hasta el día 19. La fertilidad del grupo sin (86.6 por ciento) no fue diferente a la del asin (68.7 por ciento). Los tratamientos no mejoraron la fertilidad a pesar de inrementarse la P4 en las gestantes asinlfe y asinlfst o retrasarse la luteólisis en las asinlfe. Se propone que antes de modificar la asincronía materno-embrionaria se determine el grado de asincronía tolerable de manera natural en los ovinos

Hormona del crecimiento, factor de crecimiento similar a la insulina tipo I y su proteina ligadora tipo 3 en los pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica; correlación con la velocidad de crecimiento

Para valorar la relación entre el crecimiento y los cambios hormonales en los niños con Insuficiencia Renal Crónica (IRC), se realizó un estudio en el cual se incluyeron 13 pacientes. Se realizó valoración clínica trimestral y se cuantificaron los niveles séricos de la hormona de crecimiento (GH) y del factor de crecimiento similar a la insulina tipo I (IGF-I), y su proteína fijadora tipo 3 (BP3). La edad fue de 8.4ñ 4.8 años (Mñ DS) y la talla se encontraba a -2.3ñ 2.67 DS de la media y la velocidad de crecimiento fue de -2.2ñ 1.9 DS. Los niveles de GH fueron de 15.4ñ 2.7 ng/ml. los niveles del IGF-I fueron de 229.3 241ñ 169.2 ng/ml y los niveles del BP 3 fueron de 7.6ñ1.7 ng/ml. Se encontró una correlación positiva entre los niveles del IGF-I y la edad, la velocidad de crecimiento, y los niveles del BP 3 (p=0.004, 0.04, 0.01 respectivamente). En conclusión los pacientes con IRC no presentan alteración hormonales que explican la talla baja y la causa principal se encuentra a nivel periférico en la acción de las hormonas y factores de crecimiento