Evaluation of skeletal maturation by comparing the hand wrist radiograph and cervical vertebrae as seen in lateral cephalogram.

Background and Objectives: Aim of this study was to determine the validity of cervical vertebrae radiographic assessment to predict skeletal maturation. Materials and Methods: Left-hand wrist and lateral cephalometric radiographs of 100 Bangalore children aged 8-18 years, divided into 10 groups of 10 subjects each with equal distribution of males and females, were measured. On left-hand wrist radiograph, the classification of Fishman was used to assess skeletal maturation. Cervical vertebrae maturation was evaluated with lateral cephalometric radiograph, using the stages developed by Hassel and Farman. The changes in hand wrist and cervical vertebrae were correlated. Results: Significant association was observed between skeletal maturation indicator stages and cervical vertebrae maturation indicator stages. Correlation coefficient was found to be significant (P<0.0001). Conclusion: The results of the study indicated that the cervical vertebrae maturation and hand wrist skeletal maturation was significantly related.

Progress in skeletal age estimation with measurement method of X-ray film / 法医学杂志

Age estimation by the measurement method is to get the data such as the length, width, thickness, area of the ossification center, transverse diameter of the metaphysis, transverse diameter of osteoepiphysis, width of the epiphyseal line and the ratio between the diaph and the epiphyseal, by measuring the different bones of human in different ages with the radiological technology and to explore the relationship between these data and the life age by statistics. According to the relationships the personal life age may be estimated. In this article the measurement methods above mentioned and its application in age estimation were reviewed.

Development of hand-wrist bones of 14 year-old adolescents. II. Standard of bony age for girls / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the current development of hand-wrist bones of adolescents in China, and establish special forensic bony age standard for estimating 14 years of criminal responsible age in female adolescents.@*METHODS@#One hundred and ten healthy girls aged from 13 years and 9 months to 14 years and 3 months in Lengshuijiang district of Hunan province were enrolled in this study. X-ray films of their left hand-wrists were taken dorsaventrally, and 15 sites on the wrist x-ray films were examined and measured under standard condition. The development grade was confirmed by maximal percentage to establish a method to estimate the bony age, which was then checked by single blind method.@*RESULTS@#Development grade of the radius, the middle third phalanx and the fourth phalanx was partially closed (> 2/3), and the rest was wholly-closed with existence of the epiphyseal line. The development grade of the middle third phalanx and fourth phalanx was different between the younger group (< 14 years, partially closed, > 2/3) and the older group (> 14 years, mostly closed with existence of only epiphyseal line). The cross diameter of the osteoepiphysises were wider than that of all the diaphysises. The confirmed accuracy (in 30 girls) was 83.3%.@*CONCLUSION@#Our study seemes to be feasible in establishing the estimation standard for bony age determination. The standard established by developmental metaphysis and authropometry may be particularly helpful in forensic practice for estimation of accurate criminal responsible age in adolescents.

Development and prospect on skeletal age evaluation methods of X-ray film / 法医学杂志

The traditional methods of skeletal age estimation mainly include Numeration, Atlas, and Counting scores. In recent years, other new methods were proposed by several scholars. Utilizing image logical characteristics of X-ray film to extrapolate skeletal age is a key means by present forensic medicine workers in evaluating skeletal age. However, there exist some variations when we present the conclusion of skeletal age as an "evidence" directly to the Justice Trial Authority. In order to enhance the accuracy of skeletal age determination, further investigation for appropriate methodology should be undertaken. After a collective study of pertinent domestic and international literatures, we present this review of the research and advancement on skeletal age evaluation methods of X-ray film.

Accuracy of age estimation in 14-year-old females by two skeletal age standards / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the accurate of Li Guozhen's Percent Numeration and the Development Standard of Chinese Wrist Bone CHN Numeration of age estimation in 14-year-old females.@*METHODS@#Fifty-one 14-year-old females from three middle schools in Loudi City in Hunan were selected randomly, whose left wrists were photographed with X-rays under the same condition. Skeletal age was estimated following the two numerations. The two skeletal ages were compared with each other and with chronological age.@*RESULTS@#The skeletal age from Percent Numeration and CHN Numeration have no significance difference, P > 0.05. And the skeletal ages of the two Numerations have no significance difference either, P > 0.05.@*CONCLUSION@#The Percent Numeration and the CHN Numeration are still suited for age estimation in 14-year-old females.