The essential oil of Hyptis crenata Pohl ex Benth. presents an antiedematogenic effect in mice

Hyptis crenata, commonly known as "salva-do-Marajó", "hortelã-do-campo", and "hortelãzinha", is used in folk medicine in Northeast Brazil as tea or infusion to treat inflammatory diseases. Due to the pharmacological efficacy and the low toxicity of the essential oil of Hyptis crenata (EOHc), we decided to investigate the EOHc antiedematogenic effect in experimental models of inflammation. EOHc was administrated orally at doses of 10-300 mg/kg to male Swiss albino mice. Paw edema was induced by subcutaneous injection in the right hind paw of inflammatory stimuli (carrageenan, dextran, histamine, serotonin, and bradykinin) 60 min after administration of EOHc. EOHc significantly inhibited the induced edema. The inhibitory effect of EOHc on dextran-induced edema extended throughout the experimental time. For the 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg doses of EOHc, the inhibition was of 40.28±1.70, 51.18±2.69, and 59.24±2.13%, respectively. The EOHc inhibitory effect on carrageenan-induced edema started at 10 mg/kg at the second hour (h) and was maintained throughout the observation period. At 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg doses the inhibition started earlier, from 30 min. At the edema peak of 180 min, 56, 76, and 82% inhibition was observed for 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg doses, respectively. Additionally, the effect of EOHc on carrageenan-induced paw edema was influenced by the time of administration. The EOHc also inhibited myeloperoxidase activity. In conclusion, the EOHc showed a potent effect, both preventing and reversing the edema, consistent with its anti-inflammatory use in folk medicine.

Sedative and anesthetic activities of the essential oils of Hyptis mutabilis (Rich.) Briq. and their isolated components in silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen)

This study evaluated the sedative and anesthetic effects of the essential oils (EO) of Hyptis mutabilis (Rich.) Briq. and their isolated components on silver catfish (Rhamdia quelen). Quantitative chemical differences between the EOs obtained from leaves and inflorescences were verified, and a new chemotype rich in globulol was described. Although there were no significant differences in the time of induction for sedation and anesthesia between the EOs, only the leaf EO at 344 mg/L anesthetized all fish without side effects. Fractionation of the leaf EO was carried out by column chromatography. The isolated compounds [(+)-1-terpinen-4-ol and (-)-globulol] showed different activity from that detected for the leaf EO in proportional concentrations and similar sedation to a eugenol control at 10 mg/L. However, fish exposed to 1-terpinen-4-ol (3 and 10 mg/L) did not remain sedated for 30 min. Anesthesia was obtained with 83-190 mg/L globulol, but animals showed loss of mucus during induction and mortality at these concentrations. Synergism of the depressor effects was detected with the association of globulol and benzodiazepine (BDZ), compared with either drug alone. Fish exposed to BDZ or globulol+BDZ association showed faster recovery from anesthesia in water containing flumazenil, but the same did not occur with globulol. In conclusion, the use of globulol in aquaculture procedures should be considered only at sedative concentrations of 10 and 20 mg/L, and its mechanism of action seems not to involve the GABAA-BDZ system.

Proliferative effect of aqueous extract of Hyptis fructicosa on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rats / Efeito proliferativo do extrato aquoso da Hyptis fructicosa na regeneração hepática após hepatectomia parcial em ratos

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Hyptis fructicosa on hepatic regeneration after partial hepatectomy in rats. METHODS: Sixteen rats were divided in two groups: C (Control Group) and HF (Whose rats received aqueous extract of Hyptis fructicosa during 4 days using the dose of 100 mg/kg/day). On the consecutive day of this treatment, the animals of both groups underwent hepatectomy of about 67 percent of liver. Twenty four hours later, they were sacrificed, and the remaining mass of liver was removed and prepared to be studied through the PCNA immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS: The liver regeneration index of HF group was 53.56 ± 18.91 percent, while in C group was 21.12 ± 8.29 percent (p=0.0003). CONCLUSION: These results show that the administration of aqueous extract of Hyptis fructicosa using the dose of 100mg/kg/day increased the hepatocyte proliferation in the group HF.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito do extrato aquoso da Hyptis fructicosa sobre a regeneração hepática após hepatectomia parcial em ratos. MÉTODOS: Dezesseis ratos foram divididos em dois grupos: C (grupo controle) e HF (ratos que receberam o extrato aquoso da Hyptis fructicosa durante quatro dias na dose de 100mg/kg/dia). No dia consecutivo deste tratamento, os animais de ambos os grupos foram submetidos a hepatectomia de aproximadamente 67 por cento do fígado. Vinte e quatro horas depois, eles foram sacrificados, e que a massa restante do fígado foi retirado e preparado para ser estudado através da técnica de imuno-histoquímica PCNA. RESULTADOS: O índice de regeneração hepática do grupo HF foi 53,56 ± 18,91 por cento, enquanto no grupo C foi de 21,12 ± 8,29 por cento (p=0,0003). CONCLUSÃO: Estes resultados mostram que a administração do extrato aquoso da Hyptis fructicosa na dose de 100mg/kg/dia aumentou a proliferação de hepatócitos no grupo HF.

Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Hyptis suaveolens (L. ) poit leaves essential oil against Aspergillus species

This study aimed to identify the constituents of the essential oil from Hyptis suaveolens (L.) leaves using a Gas Chromatograph -Mass Spectrometer and assess its inhibitory effect on some potentially pathogenic Aspergilli (A. flavus, A. parasiticus, A. ochraceus, A. fumigatus and A. niger). Eucaliptol (47.64 percent) was the most abundant component in the oil, followed for gama-ellemene (8.15 percent), beta-pynene (6.55 percent), (+)3-carene (5.16 percent), trans-beta-cariophyllene (4.69 percent) and germacrene (4.86 percent). The essential oil revealed an interesting anti-Aspergillus property characterized by a Minimum Inhibitory Concentration and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration of 40 and 80 µL/mL, respectively. The oil at 80 and 40 µL/mL strongly inhibited the mycelial growth of A. fumigatus and A. parasiticus along 14 days. In addition, at 10 and 20 µL/mL the oil was able to cause morphological changes in A. flavus as decreased conidiation, leakage of cytoplasm, loss of pigmentation and disrupted cell structure suggesting fungal wall degeneration. These findings showed the interesting anti-Aspergillus property of H. suaveolens leaves essential oil supporting its possible rational use as alternative source of new antifungal compounds to be applied in the aspergillosis treatment.

In vitro interference of Hyptis martiusii Benth. & chlorpromazine against an aminoglycoside - resistant Escherichia coli.

The antibacterial and synergistic activity of the ethanol extract from Hyptis martiusii Benth. was assayed by microdillution. The growth of two isolates of Escherichia coli tested was inhibited by the extract. The minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) values ranged from 512 and >1024 μg/ml for the E. coli 27 and 1024 and > 1024 μg/ml for the E. coli ATCC8539, respectively. A synergism between this extract and all aminoglycosides assayed was demonstrated. In the same form synergism between chlorpromazine and kanamycin, amikacin and tobramycin was observed, indicating the involvement of an effl ux system. Extracts from H. martiusii could be used as a source of plant derived natural products with modifying antibiotic activity and these products may interact and affect multidrug resistance systems (MDR) as efflux pumps.

Análisis químico comparativo de nutrientes en las semillas de chía y chan como alimento alternativo para los nicaragüenses / Comparative chemical analysis of nutrients in chia and chan seeds as an alternative food for Nicaraguans

La composición química de las semillas de chía (Salvia hispánica l) y chan (Hiptis suaveolens), se estudiaron ya que sus cultivos no requieren de mucha tecnología, presentan una alternativa viable para la alimentación, se usan como bebida refrescante y como alimentos para animales por sus propiedades nutricionales y medicinales. En la primera etapa se investigaron y se identificaron las sustancias nutricionales como azúcares, proteínas, lípidos y algunos macro y micro elementos como calcio, Magnesio, hierro, entre otros, los ensayos se realizaron en semilla entera, molida y cenizas. Luego se procedió a cuantificar los parámetros nutricionales (azúcares, proteínas, lípidos, Fe, Ca, Mg). Haciendo las consideraciones pertinentes en cada análisis para que estos datos tengan valides. Habiéndose obtenido resultados satisfactorios para cada uno de los ensayos realizados. Esperamos que este esfuerzo sea de utilidad para la comunidad, ya que son alimentos baratos, que en la actualidad, sobre todo el chan, se está subutilizando y se puede usar como bebida y como policereal (molido).

Análisis químico de nutrientes en la semilla de Hyptis Suaveolens (Chan) / Chemical analysis of nutrients in the seed of Hyptis Suaveolens (Chan)

El presente trabajo químico se realizó en la semilla de Hyptis Suaveolens (Chan), la cual crece silvestremente sin muchas exigencias de cultivo su mayor utilidad es alimento para animales, pero en otros países como Costa Rica es una bebida refrescante común en la población, además de tener otras propiedades nutricionales y medicinales. Por tanto, en la etapa inicial de este estudio se identificaron todas las sustancias nutricionales como azucares, proteínas, lípidos, vitaminas y algunos macro y micro elementos. Todos estos ensayos se realizaron en semilla entera, semilla molida y en cenizas. Luego se empezó a trabajar con los métodos de separación y cuantificación según el análisis a realizar. Habiéndose encontrado que la semilla de Chan se puede consumir como alimento nutricional en dos formas como bebida refrescante dejando media hora en agua, o bien como policereal molida por su alto contenido de nutrientes: 37.57% azucares, 3.75% proteínas, 11.26% grasa, 32.36% fibra, 9.80% minerales, calcio, magnesio y hierro; y por su baja humedad de 5.26% se puede almacenar y mantener su estabilidad ya que es menos propensa a ataques de hongos y bacterias. Un producto de bajo costo puede incluirse en la alimentación y disminuir el índice de desnutrición en la población, sobre todo en los niños. Como primera valoración de este estudio se puede resumir que el Chan puede ser para los agricultores otra alternativa de cultivo el cual tiene alto valores nutritivos y medicinales para la población.

Wound healing property of ethanolic extract of leaves of Hyptis suaveolens with supportive role of antioxidant enzymes.

Ethanolic extract of leaves of Hyptis suaveolens was evaluated for its wound healing activity in ether-anaesthetized Wistar rats at two different doses (400 and 800 mg/kg) using incision, excision, and dead space wound model. Significant increase in skin breaking strength, granuloma breaking strength, wound contraction, hydroxyproline content and dry granuloma weight and decrease in epithelization period was observed. A supportive study made on granuloma tissue to estimate the levels of catalase and superoxide dismutase recorded a significant increase in the level of these antioxidant enzymes. Granuloma tissue was subjected to histopathological examination to determine the pattern of lay-down for collagen using Van Gieson and Masson Trichrome stains. Enhanced wound healing activity may be due to free radical scavenging action of the plant and enhanced level of antioxidant enzymes in granuloma tissue. Better collagenation may be because of improved antioxidant studies.