Prevalencia de infección por los virus de la hepatitis B, D y por retrovirus en la etnia Matsés (Loreto, Perú) / Prevalence of retrovirus, hepatitis B and D infection in the Matsés ethnic group in Loreto, Peru

RESUMEN Para determinar la prevalencia de infección por los virus de la hepatitis B y D (VHB y VHD, respectivamente), VIH y HTLV-1/2 en la etnia matsés, después de la inmunización contra el VHB se realizó un estudio transversal y poblacional, utilizando pruebas de ELISA y qPCR en 963 pobladores. Las prevalencias de HBsAg, anti-HBc y anti-HBs fueron 3,3%, 36,0% y 58,7%, respectivamente. En el 3,1% de la población la carga viral fue mayor a 2000 UI/mL. En menores de 10 años, la prevalencia de HBsAg y anti-HBc fue 0,0% y 2,6%, respectivamente, mientras que en el 94,4% se encontraron anticuerpos protectores. La prevalencia de infección por el VIH y el HTLV-1/2 fue 1,5% y 0,6%, respectivamente. Se concluye que existen tasas bajas de infección por el VHB y el VHD en la población infantil de la etnia matsés. Asimismo, se confirma la presencia de infección por el VIH y el HTLV-1/2.

ABSTRACT Observational, cross-sectional, populational study to determine the prevalence of infection by hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2) in the Matsés ethnic group, after immunization against HBV. ELISA and qPCR tests were used in 963 residents. The prevalence of HBsAg, Anti-HBc and Anti-HBs was 3.32%, 36.03% and 58.67% respectively. In 3.1% of the population the viral load was greater than 2000 IU/mL. In children under 10 years, the prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HBc was 0.0% and 2.6%, respectively, while protective antibodies were found in 94.4%. The prevalence of HIV and HTLV-1/2 infection was 1.5% and 0.6%, respectively. It is therefore concluded that there are low rates of HBV and HDV infection in the Matsés child population. Likewise, the presence of HIV and HTLV-1/2 infection is confirmed.

Identification of human T-cell lymphotropic virus infection in a semi-isolated Afro-Brazilian quilombo located in the Marajó Island (Pará, Brazil)

Antibodies to human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 and 2 (HTLV-1 and 2) were tested in 259 inhabitants (98 males and 161 females) of four villages of the Marajó Island (Pará, Brazil) using enzyme immunoassays (ELISA and Western blot). Types and subtypes of HTLV were determined by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the pX, env and 5 LTR regions. HTLV-1 infection was detected in Santana do Arari (2.06 percent) and Ponta de Pedras (1 percent). HTLV-2 was detected only in Santana do Arari (1.06 percent). Sequencing of the 5 LTR region of HTLV-1 and the phylogenetic analysis identified the virus as a member of the Cosmopolitan Group, subgroup Transcontinental. Santana do Arari is an Afro-Brazilian community and the current results represent the first report of HTLV-1 infection in a mocambo located in the Brazilian Amazon region.