Síndrome de absceso hepático invasor por Klebsiella pneumoniae, serie de casos / Invasive liver abscess syndrome caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, case series

Resumen Introducción: Los abscesos hepáticos primarios producidos por Klebsiella pneumoniae y las implicancias sistémicas relacionadas constituyen el síndrome de absceso hepático invasor por Klebsiella pneumoniae. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas, epidemiológicas y la evolución de esta entidad en nuestro centro. Pacientes y Métodos: Cohorte retrospectiva de pacientes adultos internados en el Hospital Italiano de Buenos aires entre el 1 de enero de 2001 y el 1 de mayo de 2020. Se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico de absceso en cualquier órgano con aislamiento en cultivo de absceso o hemocultivo positivo para Klebsiella pneumoniae para ser analizadas las características epidemiológicas, clínicas y la evolución de aquellos con localización primaria hepática. Resultados: 10 pacientes fueron incluidos. Dos (20%) pacientes fueron orientales. La mediana de edad fue 69 años (IIC 64-79), nueve (90%) fueron hombres. La co-morbilidad más frecuente fue diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (40%). Cuatro (40%) pacientes tuvieron diseminación a otros órganos. La mediana de internación fue 21,5 días (IIC 15-43), 60% (n: 6) requirió internación en unidad de cuidados intensivos y 30% (n: 3) de los pacientes falleció. Conclusión: El síndrome de absceso hepático invasor por Klebsiella pneumoniae es una enfermedad infrecuente, potencialmente mortal. Este estudio intenta reportar las características de los pacientes con esta patología en nuestra población.

Abstract Background: Primary liver abscesses caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae and their related systemic complications produce the invasive liver abscess syndrome due to Klebsiella pneumoniae. Aim: To describe the clinical, epidemiological and evolution characteristics in our center. Methods: A retrospective cohort of hospitalized adults in Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires between January 1st, 2001 and May 1st, 2020. We included patients with diagnosis of abscess in any organ with rescue in culture or positive blood culture for Klebsiella pneumoniae. Epidemiological, clinical characteristics and prognosis of those with hepatic primary localization were analyzed. Results: 10 patients were included. Two (20%) patients were Oriental. Median age was 69 years (interquartile range 64-79), nine (90%) were men. The most frequent comorbidity was type 2 diabetes (40%). Four (40%) patients had spread to other organs. The median hospitalization was 21.5 days (IIC 15-43), 60% (n: 6) were hospitalized in the intensive care unit and 30% (n: 3) died. Conclusions: The invasive liver abscess syndrome due to Klebsiella pneumoniae is a rare life-threatening disease. Our study reports the characteristics of patients with this syndrome in our population.

Úlcera genital por Klebsiella granulomatis (Donovanosis) en una pareja heterosexual / Genital ulcer due to Klebsiella granulomatis (Donovanosis) in a heterosexual couple

ANTECEDENTES: La Donovanosis o granuloma inguinal, es una enfermedad infecciosa, inflamatoria crónica, usualmente ulcerativa, preferentemente de localización ano-genital, trasmitida sexualmente y causada por la bacteria Klebsiella granulomatis. Se caracteriza por la presencia de los cuerpos de Donovan, en la microscopía de la secreción de las úlceras. El objetivo es presentar un caso de donovanosis en una pareja heterosexual, que consultaron por la presencia simultánea de lesiones en la vulva y en el pene. CASO CLÍNICO: pareja conformada por una mujer de 21 años de edad y su pareja masculina de 24 años, de elevado nivel socioeconómico, que observaron simultáneamente la aparición de una lesión indolora, ulcerada, de bordes elevados y fondo limpio, tanto en el labio mayor de la vulva como en el cuerpo del pene. Negaron la práctica de coito anal o promiscuidad. Se sospechó Donovanosis, por lo cual se realizó extendido citológico de la secreción de la lesión y se encontraron con la tinción de Giemsa, los cuerpos de Donovan en la lesión de la mujer. La muestra tomada al varón fue insuficiente para el estudio. Se realizó manejo de la pareja con doxiciclina. El varón tuvo completa mejoría, pero la mujer por presentar recidiva se le agregó azitromicina. A los cuatro meses del diagnóstico, ambos estaban asintomáticos y con una pequeña área de cicatriz. CONCLUSIÓN: La donovanosis es un cuadro infeccioso que amerita diagnóstico y adecuado tratamiento, ya que tiene potenciales complicaciones genitales e incluso extragenitales, que son consideradas secundarias y pueden llevar a graves afectaciones para la salud.

BACKGROUND: The Donovanosis or granuloma inguinale is an infectious, chronic inflammatory and usually ulcerative disease, preferentially of anogenital location, that is sexually transmitted and caused by the bacteria Klebsiella granulomatis. It is characterized by the presence of the Donovan bodies in the microscopy of the secretion of the ulcers. The objective is to present a case of Donovanosis in a heterosexual couple, who consulted by the simultaneous presence of an injury in the vulva and penis. CASE RECORD: Couple of a 21 year-old woman and a 24 year-old man of high socioeconomic level that observed simultaneously the apparition of a painless and ulcerated injury of elevated edge and clear base, as much in the labia majora of the vulva as in the body of the penis. They denied the practice of anal coitus or promiscuity. The Donovanosis was suspected and the cytological study of the secretion of the injury was carried out. The Donovan bodies were found in the injury of the woman with the Giemsa stain. The sample of the man was insufficient for the study. The treatment of the couple was done with Doxycycline. The man had complete improvement but the woman presented recurrence for what Azithromycin was added to the treatment. To the four months of the diagnosis, both of them were asymptomatic and they had a small area of scar. CONCLUSION: The Donovanosis is an infectious disease that merits diagnosis and appropriate treatment due to it has potential genital and extragenital complications that are considered side effect and could carry to severe alterations for the health.

Septic pulmonary embolism caused by a Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess: clinical characteristics, imaging findings, and clinical courses

OBJECTIVES: Septic pulmonary embolism caused by a Klebsiella (K.) pneumoniae liver abscess is rare but can cause considerable morbidity and mortality. However, clinical information regarding this condition is limited. This study was conducted to elucidate the full disease spectrum to improve its diagnosis and treatment. METHOD: We reviewed the clinical characteristics, imaging findings, and clinical courses of 14 patients diagnosed with septic pulmonary embolism caused by a K. pneumoniae liver abscess over a period of 9 years. RESULTS: The two most prevalent symptoms were fever and shortness of breath. Computed tomography findings included a feeding vessel sign (79%), nodules with or without cavities (79%), pleural effusions (71%), peripheral wedge-shaped opacities (64%), patchy ground-glass opacities (50%), air bronchograms within a nodule (36%), consolidations (21%), halo signs (14%), and lung abscesses (14%). Nine (64%) of the patients developed severe complications and required intensive care. According to follow-up chest radiography, the infiltrates and consolidations were resolved within two weeks, and the nodular opacities were resolved within one month. Two (14%) patients died of septic shock; one patient had metastatic meningitis, and the other had metastatic pericarditis. CONCLUSION: The clinical presentations ranged from insidious illness with fever and respiratory symptoms to respiratory failure and septic shock. A broad spectrum of imaging findings, ranging from nodules to multiple consolidations, was detected. Septic pulmonary embolism caused by a K. pneumoniae liver abscess combined with the metastatic infection of other vital organs confers a poor prognosis. .

Clinical manifestations of pneumonia according to the causative organism in patients in the intensive care unit

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Whether the causative organism influences the clinical course of pneumonia in the intensive care unit (ICU) is controversial. We assessed the clinical manifestations and prognosis of pneumonia according to the causative pathogens in patients in a medical ICU. METHODS: A retrospective observational study was performed in a medical ICU. Among 242 patients who were admitted to the ICU, 103 who were treated for pneumonia were analyzed. RESULTS: The causative pathogen was identified in 50 patients (49.0%); 22 patients (21.6%) had multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. The distribution of causative micro-organisms was Staphylococcus aureus (20%), Pseudomonas species (16%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14%), and Acinetobacter baumannii (12%). No significant difference in ICU mortality rate, duration of ICU stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, or frequencies of re-intubation and tracheostomy were detected based on the identification of any pathogen. In sub-analyses according to the pneumonia classification, the number of pathogens identified did not differ between pneumonia types, and a higher incidence of identified MDR pathogens was detected in the hospital-acquired pneumonia group than in the community-acquired or healthcare- acquired pneumonia groups. However, the clinical outcomes of pneumonia according to identification status and type of pathogen did not differ significantly between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: Neither the causative micro-organism nor the existence of MDR pathogens in critically ill patients with pneumonia was associated with the clinical outcome of pneumonia, including ICU mortality. This result was consistent regardless of the pneumonia classification.

Distribution of beta-Lactamase Genes Among Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Isolated From Patients in Turkey

BACKGROUND: The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae poses a serious problem to antibiotic management. We investigated the beta-lactamases in a group of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae clinical isolates from Turkey. METHODS: Thirty-seven strains of K. pneumoniae isolated from various clinical specimens were analyzed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, PCR for the detection of beta-lactamase genes, DNA sequencing, and repetitive extragenic palindronic (REP)-PCR analysis. RESULTS: All 37 isolates were resistant to ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefoperazone/sulbactam, cefepime, imipenem, and meropenem. The lowest resistance rates were observed for colistin (2.7%), tigecycline (11%), and amikacin (19%). According to PCR and sequencing results, 98% (36/37) of strains carried at least one carbapenemase gene, with 32 (86%) carrying OXA-48 and 7 (19%) carrying NDM-1. No other carbapenemase genes were identified. All strains carried a CTX-M-2-like beta-lactamase, and some carried SHV- (97%), TEM- (9%), and CTX-M-1-like (62%) beta-lactamases. Sequence analysis of bla(TEM) genes identified a bla(TEM-166) with an amino acid change at position 53 (Arg53Gly) from bla(TEM-1b), the first report of a mutation in this region. REP-PCR analysis revealed that there were seven different clonal groups, and temporo-spatial links were identified within these groups. CONCLUSIONS: Combinations of beta-lactamases were found in all strains, with the most common being OXA-48, SHV, TEM, and CTX-M-type (76% of strains). We have reported, for the first time, a high prevalence of the NDM-1 (19%) carbapenemase in carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae from Turkey. These enzymes often co-exist with other beta-lactamases, such as TEM, SHV, and CTX-M beta-lactamases.

The First Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolate Co-Producing OXA-48 and NDM-1 in Turkey

No abstract available.

Native valve endocarditis due to extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae

No abstract available.

The First Case of Septicemia Caused by Imipenem-Susceptible, Meropenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae

No abstract available.

Risk factors for KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia

The molecular epidemiology of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC) has been largely investigated, but limited clinical information is available. A case-control study was performed to evaluate the risk factors for KPC bacteremia in hospitalized patients. Cases were patients with KPC bacteremia and controls were patients with non-KPC bacteremia. A total of 85 patients were included, 18 (21.2%) were KPC, and 67 (78.8%) were non-KPC (40 [59.7%] of them were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers). All KPC isolates were type 2 producers. These isolates belong to five distinct clones. Multivariate analysis showed that age (odds ratio [OR], 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02 - 1.11; p = 0.004), presence of mechanical ventilation (OR, 11.1; 95% CI, 1.92 - 63.3; p = 0.007) and fluoroquinolone exposure during hospitalization (OR, 28.9; 95% CI, 1.85 - 454.6; p = 0.02) were independent risk factors for KPC in patients with K. pneumoniae bacteremia. Factors associated with severity of illness, such as age and mechanical ventilation, seem to be the main risks factors for KPC. Fluoroquinolones use might be a risk factor for KPC bacteremia. Further investigations on risk factors for KPC are warranted.

Splenic Abscess: A Single Institution Study and Review of the Literature

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to review our experience with splenic abscesses, with respect to the relevant aspects of splenic abscesses and treatment outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the cases of 18 patients who had splenic abscesses and who were treated at our hospital from November 1993 to December 2008. RESULTS: The most common symptom at presentation was abdominal pain in 12 patients (66.7%). The median duration from symptom onset until establishment of a diagnosis was 22 days. Streptococcus viridians was the most common pathogen (27.8%), follow by Klebsiella pneumoniae (22.2%). The mortality rate during the inpatient period and the previous 90 days was 16.6%. Three of four patients with Klebsiella pneumoniae showed a single abscess pocket. Four patients (22.2%) underwent percutaneous drainage, eight (44.5%) recieved antibiotic treatment only and six (33.3%) underwent splenectomy. CONCLUSION: There is no gold standard for treating splenic abscesses. Treatment should be customized for each patient.

Acute Diffuse Phlegmonous Esophagogastritis: A Case Report

Acute phlegmonous infection of the gastrointestinal tract is characterized by purulent inflammation of the submucosa and muscular layer with sparing of the mucosa. The authors report a rare case of acute diffuse phlegmonous esophagogastritis, which was well diagnosed based on the typical chest computed tomographic (CT) findings and was successfully treated. A 48-yr-old man presented with left chest pain and dyspnea for three days. Chest radiograph on admission showed mediastinal widening and bilateral pleural effusion. The patient became febrile and the amount of left pleural effusion is increased on follow-up chest radiograph. Left closed thoracostomy was performed with pus drainage. A CT diagnosis of acute phlegmonous esophagogastritis was suggested and a surgery was decided due to worsening of clinical condition of the patient and radiologic findings. Esophageal myotomies were performed and the submucosal layer was filled with thick, cheesy materials. The patient was successfully discharged with no postoperative complication.

Detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase production in clinical isolates of Klebsiella spp.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Clinical laboratories need to develop quick screening methods for detection of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing strains, so that the appropriate medication can be started without delay. In this study, we report the screening sensitivity of four representative antimicrobial agents i.e., cefpodoxime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and aztreonam, commonly used for ESBL detection in Klebsiella spp. METHODS: A total of 100 clinical isolates of Klebsiella spp. from the cases of neonatal septicaemia at a tertiary care hospital from north India, were screened for ESBL production by Kirby- Bauer's disc diffusion (cefpodoxime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and aztreonam) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test by agar dilution methods. Confirmation was done by double disc method. RESULTS: Results showed that 58 of the 100 isolates tested were ESBL positive by confirmatory test and cefpodoxime was more efficient ESBL screening antimicrobial agent than ceftazidime, cefotaxime and aztreonam. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: Using the standard disk diffusion as screening test for identifying ESBL producers, cefpodoxime was found to be the most efficient antimicrobial agent in screening isolates as potential ESBL producers followed by ceftazidime in Klebsiella spp. isolates.

Endocardite em válvula de Eustáquio / Eustachian valve endocarditis

A endocardite em válvula de Eustáquio é uma condição rara, que ocorre geralmente em usuários de drogas injetáveis e em portadores de marcapasso ou cateter venoso central. Apresentamos um caso de paciente que, em pós-operatório de cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio com circulação extracorpórea, apresentou endocardite em válvula de Eustáquio diagnosticada pela ecocardiografia, sendo identificada Klebsiella pneumoniae à hemocultura. O paciente foi tratado com antibioticoterapia apropriada, apresentando resolução do quadro em quatro semanas.

Eustachian valve endocarditis is a rare condition that affects mostly injectable drug users and patients using pacemakers or central venous catheter. We describe the case of a patient who underwent myocardial revascularization with extracorporeal circulation and who presented Eustachian valve endocarditis in the postoperative period, diagnosed by echocardiogram. The blood culture identified Klebsiella pneumoniae. He received appropriate antibiotic therapy and presented resolution of the condition within four weeks.

Hepatic abscess in a preterm neonate.

We present a preterm (32 weeks; weight 1300 g) neonate, with solitary hepatic abscess. The causative organism was Klebsiella. The child presented with septicemia, hepatomegaly and abdominal lump. Radiological investigations were inconclusive. Surgical drainage and prolonged antibiotic treatment led to resolution of the hepatic abscess.

Infective endocarditis following implantation of amplatzer atrial septal occluder.

Infective endocarditis is a rare but serious complication following device closure of atrial septal defect. Surgical removal of the device is mandatory in such cases. We report a rare case of polymicrobial endocarditis following implantation of Amplatzer septal occluder in an eight-year-old child.

Acute plastic bronchitis.

Plastic bronchitis is a rare disorder characterized by the formation of bronchial cast. The etiology is obscure, though usually associated with conditions like asthma, aspergillosis, pneumonia, cystic fibrosis and cardiac problems.

Retropharyngeal space infection.

Retropharyngeal space infections are relatively rare since the widespread use of modern antibiotics. In children, retropharyngeal space infections usually occur following an upper respiratory tract infection, while in adults they are usually caused by trauma, foreign bodies or extension from adjacent spaces. The authors reviewed 12 patients with retropharyngeal space infection between July 1996 and June 2002. Age, sex, duration of symptoms and hospitalization time, clinical presentation, etiology, underlying disease, bacteriology, treatment and complications were analyzed. Widening of the prevertebral soft tissue as seen on a plain film of the lateral neck was the most important diagnostic tool. Fever was the most common symptom (91.6%) and showed a high prevalence in adult populations (66.6%). Half of the cases were caused by ingestion of a foreign body. Nine cases underwent surgical drainage which was positive in eight cases (88.8%). Staph. aureus, K. pneumoniae and Enterobacter species were the predominant pathogens. Early diagnosis and appropriate use of antibiotics lessened morbidity. Only two cases had postoperative complications and both recovered.