Torque teno virus among dialysis and renal-transplant patients

Patients who undergo dialysis treatment or a renal transplant have a high risk of blood-borne viral infections, including the Torque teno virus (TTV). This study identified the presence of TTV and its genome groups in blood samples from 118 patients in dialysis and 50 renal-transplant recipients. The research was conducted in a hospital in the city of Maringá, state of Paraná. The viral DNA, obtained from whole blood, was identified by using two nested Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCR). The frequencies of TTV were 17% and 36% in dialysis patients using the methodology proposed by Nishizawa et al. (1997) and Devalle and Niel (2004), respectively, and 10% and 54% among renal-transplant patients. There was no statistically significant association between the frequency of the pathogen and the variables: gender, time in dialysis, time since transplant, blood transfusions, and the concomitant presence of hepatitis B, for either the dialysis patients or the renal-transplant recipients. Among dialysis patients and renal-transplant recipients, genogroup 5 was predominant (48% and 66% respectively), followed by genogroup 4 (37% and 48%) and genogroup 1 (23% and 25%). Genogroup 2 was present in both groups of patients. Some patients had several genogroups, but 46% of the dialysis patients and 51% of the renal-transplant recipients had only a single genogroup. This study showed a high prevalence of TTV in dialysis patients and renal-transplant recipients.

Molecular characterization of Torque teno virus and SEN virus co-infection with HIV in patients from Southern Iran

Introduction Torque teno virus (TTV) and SEN virus are circular single-stranded DNA viruses that cause blood-borne infections. The SEN virus (SEN-V) was originally detected in the serum of an injection drug user infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Recently TTV was discovered as a potential causative agent of non-A-E hepatitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the SEN-V-D/H and TTV in HIV patients and healthy blood donors in Iran. Methods One hundred and fifty HIV patients with a mean age of 50.46 ± 18.46 years and 150 healthy blood donors with a mean age of 48.16 ± 13.73 years were included in this study. TTV and SEN-V were detected by the PCR and were quantitatively assayed by competitive PCR (nested and semi-nested PCR). Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) were used to determine the heterogeneity of TTV. Results TTV and SEN-V were detected 96 (64%) and 84 (56%) of 150 HIV patients respectively. These rates were 34% (n=51) and 37.33% (n=56) in healthy blood donors (significant, p<0.05). PCR detected SEN-V/TTV DNA from 32 of the healthy blood donors (21.33%), while 65 (43.33%) of HIV patients were positive for SEN-V/TTV DNA. Of 150 HIV patients, 32.66% and 23.33% were positive for SEN-V-H and SEN-V-D, respectively and 18.66% (n=28) were co-infected with SEN-V-D/H. Conclusions The prevalence of SEN-VD/H and TTV is higher in HIV patients than in healthy blood donors in Southern Iran. Our results suggest that TTV and SEN-V might play a role in the development of liver disease in patients with immunodeficiency diseases. .

A ten-month diseases survey on wild Litopenaeus setiferus (Decapoda: Penaeidae) from Southern Gulf of Mexico / Diez meses de análisis de las enfermedades en especímenes silvestres de Litopenaeus setiferus en el Sur del Golfo de México

The development of shrimp aquaculture in Mexican coasts of the Gulf of Mexico began to be explored using the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in the mid 90´s. Many concerns over the risk of disease transmission to the economically important native penaeids, have been the main deterrent for the aquaculture of L. vannamei in the region. Concurrently, more than 10 years of research experience on the aquaculture suitability of the native Litopenaeus setiferus from the Terminos Lagoon, in the Yucatán Peninsula, have been accumulated. The aim of this study was then to determine the seasonal variations of the naturally acquired diseases and the possible detection of exotic pathogens. For this, random subsamples (n~60) of juveniles L. setiferus were collected from monthly captures. In order to detect the widest range of pathogens, including infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis (IHHNv) and white spot syndrome (WSSv) viruses, both histopathological and molecular methods were employed. Monthly prevalence (%) was calculated for every finding. We were able to detect a total of 16 distinct histological anomalies, most of which the presump- tive aetiological agent was readily identified. PCR results for viruses were negative. For some pathogens and symbionts, the prevalence was significantly different between the adult and juvenile populations. Prevalence of diseases tended to be higher in juvenile shrimp than in adults. The results of this study indicated that L. setiferus carry a wide variety of pathogens and symbionts that seem to be endemic to penaeids of the Gulf of Mexico, and those juveniles were more conspicuous to acquire pathogens and symbionts than adults.

Durante la década de los 90´s se introdujo el camarón blanco del Pacífico Litopenaeus vannamei a los Estados costeros mexicanos del Golfo de México con fines acuícolas, por lo que desde entonces existe preocupación por la posible introducción de enfermedades que puedan afectar a las poblaciones de camarones nativos. La investigación sobre la domesticación de especies nativas para una acuacultura sustentable se ha realizado por más de 10 años, sin embargo, aún existe escasa información sobre las enfermedades que se presentan de manera natural en estas poblaciones y posible trasfaunación. El presente estudio aborda el problema de las enfermedades encontradas en subpoblaciones de jóvenes y adultos de Litopenaeus setiferus del Área natural protegida Laguna de Términos, estado de Campeche, México. Técnicas de histología y biología molecular fueron utilizadas como herramientas de diagnóstico. Se encontró que L. setiferus es portador de patógenos y simbiontes endémicos del Golfo de México, y comparativamente, los jóvenes son más susceptibles en adquirir estas infecciones que los adultos, como probable respuesta al ambiente lacustre que ocupan. No se encontró evidencia de los virus IHHNv y WSSv, aunque en trabajos más recientes en algunos Estados del Norte ya se han detectado en poblaciones silvestres.

Molecular detection of TT virus and SEN virus infections in hemodialysed patients and blood donors in south of Iran.

Background: SEN virus (SEN-V) and TT virus (TTV) have been classified in the circoviridae family. Both are single-stranded, non-enveloped DNA viruses of about 3800 nucleotides. Patients on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) have a high risk of blood-borne viral infections. SEN-V and TTV has been reported from a number of HD units from various countries throughout the world. Materials and Methods: A total of 377 blood samples obtained from 150 healthy donors and 227 HD patients were collected at the HD center. SEN-V and TTV DNA was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in all samples. Results: TTV was detected in 109 (48.01%) of 227 hemodialysed patients and 14 (9.33%) of 150 voluntary blood donors (significant, P < 0.05). The PCR results for SEN-V-D/H DNA showed that 65 (28.63%) were positive for SEN-V-D and 33 (14.53%) were positive for SEN-V-H. 9.69% of 227 patients were positive for SEN-V-D/H co-infection. In the control group, SEN-V-D was detected in 14 (9.33%) and SEN-V-H was detected in 15 (10%) of the 150 (100%) blood donors. Conclusion: These findings show that the prevalence of SEN-V-D/H and TTV is higher than healthy blood donors. Also, these results indicate that the prevalence of SEN-V and TTV infections in our region is similar with that in other countries.

Acute respiratory viral infections in children in Rio de Janeiro and Teresópolis, Brazil / Infecções respiratórias agudas causadas por vírus em crianças do Rio de Janeiro e de Teresópolis, Brasil

The frequency of viral pathogens causing respiratory infections in children in the cities of Rio de Janeiro and Teresópolis was investigated. Nasal swabs from children with acute respiratory illnesses were collected between March 2006 and October 2007. Specimens were tested for viral detection by conventional (RT)-PCR and/or real time PCR. Of the 205 nasal swabs tested, 64 (31.2%) were positive for at least one of the viral pathogens. Single infections were detected in 56 samples, 50 of those were caused by RNA viruses: 33 samples tested positive for rhinovirus, five for influenza A, five for metapneumovirus, four for coronavirus and, three for respiratory syncytial virus. For the DNA viruses, five samples were positive for bocavirus and one for adenovirus. Co-infections with these viruses were detected in eight samples. Our data demonstrate a high frequency of viral respiratory infections, emphasizing the need for a more accurate diagnosis particularly for the emerging respiratory viruses. The fact that the emerging respiratory viruses were present in 9.2% of the tested samples suggests that these viruses could be important respiratory pathogens in the country.

Neste estudo foi investigada a frequência de patógenos virais causando infecção em crianças nas cidades do Rio de Janeiro e Teresópolis. Foram coletados 205 swabs nasais de crianças com infecção aguda do trato respiratório no período de março de 2006 a outubro de 2007. Os espécimes foram testados para detecção de vírus através de (RT)-PCR e/ou PCR em tempo real. Dentre as 205 amostras testadas, 64 (31,2%) foram positivas para pelo menos um vírus. Infecções causadas por um único agente viral foram detectadas em 56 amostras, 50 das quais eram causadas por vírus de RNA: 33 amostras foram positivas para rinovírus, cinco amostras foram positivas para influenza A, cinco amostras foram positivas para metapneumovírus, quatro amostras foram positivas para coronavírus e três amostras foram positivas para vírus respiratório sincicial. Para os vírus de DNA foram detectadas cinco amostras positivas para bocavírus humano e uma amostra positiva para adenovírus. Foram identificados oito casos de co-infecção. Nossos dados demonstram frequência elevada de infecções respiratórias virais, enfatizando a necessidade de um diagnóstico mais acurado destes patógenos, principalmente os vírus considerados emergentes. O fato de alguns vírus respiratórios emergentes terem sido detectados em 9,2% das amostras testadas sugere que estes vírus podem ser patógenos respiratórios importantes no país.

The high prevalence of Torque teno virus DNA in blood donors and haemodialysis patients in southern Brazil

This study investigates the frequency of Torque teno virus (TTV) infection in 150 blood donors and 77 patients requiring haemodialysis in southern Brazil. Plasma samples were screened for TTV DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The prevalences of TTV among blood donors and patients requiring haemodialysis were 73.3% and 68.8%, respectively. The presence of TTV was correlated with age in the blood donors (p = 0.024). In haemodialysis patients, no association was found between TTV infection and the demographic parameters (age, sex and education), the duration of haemodialysis or a history of blood transfusion. This study is the first to evaluate the prevalence of TTV infection in Brazilian patients requiring haemodialysis.

Prevalência e diversidade genética do torque teno vírus em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico em serviço de referência no Mato Grosso do Sul / Prevalence and genetic diversity of torque teno virus in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in a reference service in Mato Grosso do Sul

Estudos recentes sobre o torque teno vírus (TTV), gênero Anellovirus, permitiram construir a hipótese de que esse vírus pode ser um desencadeante ou tenha algum papel patogênico nas doenças reumáticas autoimunes. OBJETIVOS: Verificar a frequência da infecção pelo TTV em pacientes com lúpus eritematoso sistêmico (LES), e sua diversidade gênica, a existência de correlação entre a infecção pelo TTV e as manifestações clínicas do LES, sua evolução clínica e o perfil sorológico. PACIENTES E MÉTODOS: Foram obtidas 46 amostras de soro de pacientes com LES atendidos no Ambulatório de Reumatologia do Hospital Universitário de Campo Grande (NHU/FAMED/UFMS). Para os controles, utilizaram-se 46 amostras de soro de doadores de sangue. O DNA viral foi extraído das amostras utilizando o QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Alemanha), e amplificado utilizando a técnica de nested PCR. RESULTADOS: Foi encontrada positividade para o TTV em 17 (37 por cento) dos pacientes lúpicos, e em apenas sete (15,2 por cento) dos controles (teste z, P = 0,03). Não houve correlação entre a infecção pelo TTV, as manifestações clínicas, o perfil sorológico e a evolução clínica dos pacientes avaliados neste estudo. CONCLUSÃO: A presença do TTV nos pacientes com LES necessita ser mais bem compreendida a partir deste estudo inicial.

Recent studies on the torque teno virus (TTV), genus Anellovirus, have allowed formulating the hypothesis that TTV may trigger autoimmune rheumatic diseases or have some pathogenic role in them. OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of TTV infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the genetic diversity of TTV, the correlation between TTV infection and SLE clinical manifestations, and SLE clinical course and serological profile. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Serum samples were obtained from 46 SLE patients treated at the University-Affiliated Hospital of Campo Grande (NHU/FAMED/UFMS), Brazil. For controls, serum samples were obtained from 46 healthy volunteer blood donors. Viral DNA was extracted from samples using the QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany) and amplified using nested PCR. RESULTS: Positivity for TTV was found in 17 (37 percent) of SLE patients and in only seven (15.2 percent) of the controls (z test, P = 0.03). There was no correlation between TTV infection, SLE clinical manifestations, SLE clinical course, and the serological profile of the patients evaluated. CONCLUSION: Further studies on the presence of TTV in SLE patients are required.

TTV infection in children with and without liver disease.

BACKGROUND: TTV DNA has been reported in patients with a broad spectrum of hepatic disorders as well as in healthy people. AIM: To clarify the role of TTV in children with liver disease and in healthy children. METHODS: Degenerate primers designed to amplify a target sequence from the ORF 1 region of TTV genome were used for nested PCR, to detect TTV DNA in sera. RESULTS: TTV was detected in 3 of 18 children with chronic hepatitis B (16.7%), 2 of 17 hepatitis B carriers (11.8%), 2 of 17 children with cryptogenic chronic liver disease (11.8%), and 1 of 40 (2.5%) children without liver disease. The infection rate was similar among the various study groups and in the various age groups. There was no difference between TTV positive and negative children in respect to gender, history of surgery, parenteral treatment, transfusion of blood and blood products, presence of hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, jaundice, and transaminase values. CONCLUSION: TTV does not seem to have an etiologic role in cryptogenic liver disease in children and does not seem to influence the clinical course of liver disease.

TT virus infection in Iranian patients with autoimmune hepatitis and their controls

TT virus is a newly described DNA virus that was first detected in the blood of patients with elevated serum aminotransferases following transfusion who were tested negatively for all known hepatitis viruses. This study aimed to elucidate the significance of TTV infection in Iranian patients with autoimmune hepatitis.Sera from 90 patients with autoimmune hepatitis and 90 healthy controls were assayed for TTV DNA using a semi-nested polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, demographic and paraclinical features of patients were evaluated.TTV DNA was detected in ten [11.1%] of patients with autoimmune hepatitis, versus four [4.4%] in control group, however, no significant difference was found between two groups [NS].According to our results, although the prevalence of TTV as a pathogenic organism in autoimmune hepatitis

TT virus infection in children and adults who visited a general hospital in the south of Brazil for routine procedure

TT virus (TTV) is a newly described nonenveloped human virus, with a circular, negative-stranded DNA genome, that was first identified in the blood of a patient with posttransfusion hepatitis of unknown etiology. PCR primers and conditions used for TTV DNA amplification may greatly influence the level of TTV detection in serum. Three PCR assays, with different regions of the genome as targets, were used to test TTV DNA in 130 sera from children and adults visiting a hospital in the south of Brazil, most of them for routine procedure. Forty-four percent of adult sera and 73 percent of sera from children aged 0-10 years were TTV positive with at least one PCR assay. However, the three assays were able to detect only 33 percent, 35 percent, and 70 percent of the total positive samples. Our results showed a high prevalence of TTV infection in the south of Brazil, particularly among young children, and confirmed the necessity of performing several PCR assays to assess the true TTV prevalence in a determined population