Infestação por piolhos Felicola subrostratus em felino domiciliado no município de Parnaíba, Piauí / Infestation by Felicola subrostratus in a feline domiciled in the municipality of Parnaíba, Piauí / Infestación de piojos Felicola subrostratus en felino domiciliado en el municipio de Parnaíba, Piauí

O piolho da espécie Felicola subrostratus é um inseto mastigador responsável por causar a pediculose em felinos e, apesar de ser cosmopolita, tem sua ocorrência pouco descrita na rotina clínica. A transmissão ocorre através do contato direto entre os animais ou por fômites contaminados. Os gatos parasitados podem ser assintomáticos quando em baixa parasitemia, porém em altas infestações podem apresentar prurido, alopecia, dermatites e possibilitar a ocorrência de infecções secundárias. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar a infestação por piolhos da espécie Felicola subrostratus em um felino domiciliado no município de Parnaíba, Piauí. O animal era um macho castrado, de dois anos de idade, sem raça definida (SRD), que foi atendido em uma clínica veterinária da cidade, apresentando como queixa principal uma dermatite por lambedura no membro posterior direito, além de prurido, alopecia, apatia, diminuição de apetite e perda de peso. No exame físico, observou-se a dermatite no membro, sendo realizado raspado cutâneo e coleta de pelos da região, verificando a presença de ectoparasitos. Os insetos foram colocados em recipientes com álcool 70ºGL e enviados ao Laboratório de Parasitologia da Universidade Federal do Piauí, que por meio da morfologia revelou ser piolhos da espécie Felicola subrostratus, confirmando o diagnóstico primário de pediculose felina, sendo essencial um diagnóstico precoce para direcionar a um tratamento adequado.(AU)

The lice from the Felicola subrostratus species is a chewing insect responsible for causing pediculosis in felines and, despite being cosmopolitan, its occurrence has been little described in the clinical routine. Transmission occurs through direct contact between animals or through contaminated fomites. The parasitized cats can be asymptomatic when in low parasitemia, but in high infestations, they can present pruritus, alopecia, dermatitis and allow the occurrence of secondary infections. The purpose of this study was to report the infestation by lice of the Felicola subrostratus species in a feline domiciled in the municipality of Parnaíba, in the state of Piauí, Brazil. The animal was a neutered male, two years old, of mixed breed, which was treated at a veterinary clinic in the city, presenting as main complaint a lick dermatitis on the right hind limb, in addition to pruritus, alopecia, apathy, decreased appetite and weight loss. On physical examination, dermatitis was observed on the limb. Skin scraping was performed and fur was collected from the region, verifying the presence of ectoparasites. The insects were placed in recipients with 70ºGL alcohol and sent to the Parasitology Laboratory at the Federal University of Piauí, which through morphology revealed to be lice of the Felicola subrostratus species, confirming the primary diagnosis of feline pediculosis, being essential an early diagnosis to guide the appropriate treatment.(AU)

El piojo de la especie Felicola subrostratus es un insecto masticador responsable de causar pediculosis en felinos y, a pesar de ser cosmopolita, su ocurrencia ha sido poco descrita en la rutina clínica. La transmisión ocurre a través del contacto directo entre animales o por fómites contaminados. Los gatos parasitados pueden ser asintomáticos cuando están en baja parasitemía, pero en altas infestaciones pueden presentar prurito, alopecia, dermatitis y permitir la aparición de infecciones secundarias. El objetivo de este trabajo fue relatar la infestación por piojos de la especie Felicola subrostratus en un felino domiciliado en el municipio de Parnaíba, Piauí. El animal era un macho castrado, de dos años de edad, sin raza definida (SRD), que fue atendido en una clínica veterinaria de la ciudad, presentando como principal síntoma una dermatitis por lamido en el miembro posterior derecho, además de prurito, alopecia, apatía. disminución del apetito y pérdida de peso. En el examen físico se observó dermatitis en la extremidad, se realizó raspado de piel y se recolectó cabello de la región, verificando la presencia de ectoparásitos. Los insectos fueron colocados en recipientes con alcohol 70ºGL y enviados al Laboratorio de Parasitología de la Universidad Federal de Piauí, que por morfología reveló ser piojos de la especie Felicola subrostratus, confirmando el diagnóstico primario de pediculosis felina, siendo fundamental un diagnóstico precoz para orientar el tratamiento adecuado.(AU)

Tricomicosis (tricobacteriosis) en un infante: aspectos microbiológicos, dermatoscópicos y ultraestructurales / Trichomycosis (trichobacteriosis) capitis in an infant: microbiological, dermoscopic and ultrastructural features

La tricomicosis es una infección superficial causada por Corynebacterium flavescens, que afecta por lo regular pelos axilares, en menor grado los púbicos, los escrotales e interglúteos y excepcionalmente los de la cabeza o tricomicosis capitis (TC). Esta infección se caracteriza por formación de nódulos pilosos. Clínicamente se confunde con infecciones como piedra blanca y pediculosis. El diagnóstico se realiza por microscopia y dermatoscopia de masas bacterianas y confirmado por cultivo. OBJETIVO: Presentar un caso de TC en un infante, y mostrar las características microscópicas, dermatoscópicas y ultraestructurales. CASO CLÍNICO: Niño sano de 6 meses de edad, con dermatosis que afectó los pelos de la cabeza en forma de múltiples nódulos-pilosos amarillentos. Se comprobó TC mediante fluorescencia amarilla a la luz de Wood; a la dermatoscopia se observaron cadenas blanco-amarillentas, como "rosarios de piedras cristalinas"; al examen directo se distinguieron masas bacterianas y al cultivo se identificó Corynebacterium flavescens. A la microscopia electrónica se observó infección superficial, sin perforación de los pelos. Se realizó tratamiento con aplicación de ácido fusídico por 3 semanas y se obtuvo curación clínica y microbiológica. CONCLUSIÓN: La TC es una entidad rara que se presenta en niños, y que suele confundirse con otros padecimientos del pelo como la pediculosis e infecciones micóticas.

Trichomycosis is a superficial infection caused by Corynebacterium flavescens, which regularly affects axillary, and to a a lesser extent, pubic, scrotal and intergluteal, and exceptionally, head hairs or trichomycosis capitis (TC). This condition is characterised by the formation of bacterial nodules. Clinically, it can be confused with white piedra or pediculosis. The diagnosis is made by microscopic and dermoscopic observation and confirmed by culture. OBJECTIVE: To present a case of TC in an infant and illustrate the microscopic, dermoscopic, and ultrastructural characteristics. CLINICAL CASE: A 6 month-old boy, otherwise healthy, with multiple yellowish concretions on the hairs of the head. TC was confirmed by yellow fluorescence with Wood’s light; white-yellowish beads, like "rosaries of crystalline stones" were observed on dermoscopy, direct examination showed bacterial masses, and Corynebacterium flavescens was identified by culture. A superficial infection, without perforation of the hairs, was confirmed by electron microscopy. Treatment with fusidic acid for 3 weeks achieved a clinical and microbiological cure. CONCLUSION: TC is a rare condition that affects children, and tends to be mistaken for other diseases of the hair, such as pediculosis and mycotic infections.

Serie parasitosis en dermatología: pediculosis / Parasitosis in dermatology: pediculosis

La enfermedad producida por Pediculus humanus capitis, conocida como pediculosis, es una parasitosis específica del ser humano de distribución mundial. El contagio puede ser directo por contacto con el cuero cabelludo de una persona afectada, o por fómites contaminados con parásitos, por lo que no distingue raza, sexo, edad ni nivel socioeconómico. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 80 años con una forma típica de pediculosis. (AU)

The disease caused by Pediculus humanus capitis, known as pediculosis, is a human specific parasitosis. It has a worldwide distribution. Transmission can be by direct contact with the scalp of an affected person or by contaminated fomites with parasites. This infestation makes no distinction of race, sex, age, or socioeconomic status. We present a case of an 80 years old patient with a typical case of pediculosis. (AU)

Dermoscopy applied to pediculosis corporis diagnosis

We report the case of a 47-year-old homeless male with a massive infestation of Pediculus humanus corporis on his entire body. Dermoscopy helped to diagnose pediculosis by showing the involvement of scalp, beard and the genital region in this disease.

Prevalence of pediculosis capitis in children from a rural school in Yucatan, Mexico / Prevalência de pediculose em crianças de escola rural em Yucatan, Mexico

We conducted an analytical cross-sectional survey to estimate the prevalence of and factors associated with active head lice infestation. In total 140 children, aged 6 to 16-years, from a public school in rural Yucatan, Mexico, were examined by wet-combing. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on individuals and the conditions in the surrounding environment. Head lice infestation was found in 19 out of the 140 children tested (13.6 percent) and this was associated with both lower income (OR 9.9, 95 percent CI 2.15-45.79, p = 0.003) and a higher frequency of hair washing (OR 8, 95 percent CI 1.58-50, p = 0.012). Intersectoral control programs that take into account the socioeconomic differences of children should be implemented.

Foi conduzido um estudo numa escola publica de área rural em Yucatan, Mexico com o objetivo de estimar a prevalência de pediculose e fatores de risco associados. Das 140 crianças incluídas 19 (13.6 por cento) apresentaram pediculose. A infestação de piolho foi associada com baixa renda (OR 9.9, 95 por cento CI 2.15-45.79, p = 0.003) e maior frequência de lavagem de cabelos (OR 8, 95 por cento CI 1.58-50, p = 0.012). Programas intersetoriais de controle da pediculose que levam em conta as características socioeconômicas das crianças deveriam ser executados.

Ectoparasitosis de importancia en Chile: Epidemiología y terapia / Ectoparasitosis of clinical importance in Chile

Several parasitic diseases affect the skin and appendages in humans, the most common are head lice and scabies. Both diseases have worldwide distribution with geographical variations. In Chile, the reported prevalence of head lice is 20-25 percent and of scabies 1-5 percent. Other ectoparasites include fleas and mite, causing transient parasitosis related to human and animal contact. These parasites are associated with various factors such as poor personal hygiene, promiscuity, long hair, crowding, and sharing of combs, among others. Various effective pharmacological therapies are available, which base on several active compounds. Important therapeutic options include topical treatments with pyrethroids, lindane, crotamiton, and malathion as well as oral medications such as ivermectin, which is used in case of drug intolerance, poor treatment response, infections with multiple parasites or concomitant bacterial infections. For some drugs, resistance has been reported in patients received multiple dosis.

Existen varias enfermedades parasitarias capaces de comprometer piel y fanéreos en el humano, siendo los más frecuentes la pediculosis y la escabiosis. Ambas enfermedades tienen distribución mundial variable según la localidad. En Chile, se describe una prevalencia de pediculosis capitis cercana a 20-25 por ciento y de escabiosis, entre 1 y 5 por ciento. Otras ectoparasitosis son la pulicosis y la acarosis, parasitosis transitorias relacionadas al contacto humano y animal. Estos agentes se asocian a diversos factores entre los que se encuentran escasa higiene personal, promiscuidad, uso de cabello largo, hacinamiento, intercambio de peines, entre otros. Las terapias farmacológicas disponibles son variadas y eficaces. Hay diversos compuestos activos entre los que destacan tratamientos tópicos como derivados piretroides, lindano, crotamitón y malatión; y medicamentos orales como ivermectina, utilizada en casos de mala tolerancia, escasa respuesta a tratamiento tópico, infestación múltiple o infección bacteriana concomitante. Se ha descrito resistencia a algunos compuestos en pacientes que han recibido múltiples dosis.

Entodermoscopia: dermatoscopia de epiluminescência para diagnose da pediculose / Entodermoscopy: dermoscopy for the diagnosis of pediculosis

Relata-se um caso clínico no qual a dermatoscopia de epiluminescência sem contato foi empregada como método auxiliar para o diagnóstico e a avaliação clínica da eficácia do tratamento da pediculose do couro cabeludo.

We report a clinical case in which contactless dermoscopy was used as an aid to the diagnosis of pediculosis and clinical evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of this condition.

Utilidade do pente metálico com dentes microcanaliculados no diagnóstico da pediculose / Metal microchanelled fine-toothed comb use in the diagnosis of pediculosis

Fundamentos: Os métodos para diagnosticar Pediculus humanus var. capitis são controvertidos e a maioria dos estudos tem usado o exame visual direto. Objetivos: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a eficácia no diagnóstico do exame visual direto em contraposição ao uso do pente metálico de aço com dentes microcanaliculados. Métodos: Investigaram-se 946 crianças e adolescentes de quatro a 19 anos. O cabelo de cada criança foi examinado duas vezes, para detectar infestação pelos diferentes estádios, por meio da observação visual direta e com o pente metálico. Resultados: O diagnóstico visual apontou infestação em 30,7 por cento dos casos, enquanto que o pente metálico indicou um resultado de 51,5 por cento. O sexo feminino foi o mais acometido, de acordo com ambos os métodos. As formas parasitárias detectadas com o exame visual direto foram: somente piolhos (adultos e/ou ninfas); 1,4 por cento; somente lêndeas vivas, 64,8 por cento; e lêndeas vivas mais piolhos, 33,8 por cento; com o pente metálico, foram 6,4 por cento, 23,6 por cento e 70 por cento, respectivamente. A média de tempo para descobrir um piolho foi de 57 segundos com o pente metálico e de 116,4 segundos com a observação visual direta. Conclusões: O diagnóstico é duas vezes mais rápido e 3,6 vezes mais eficiente com o pente metálico microcanaliculado. O método visual leva a uma subestimação das infestações ativas e revela as passadas não ativas.

Background: Methods for the diagnosis of Pediculus humanus var. capitis are controversial and most studies are based on direct visual exam. Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the diagnosis efficacy of both direct visual exam and the use of a metal microchanelled fine-toothed comb. Methods: 946 children and teenagers 4 to 19 years of age were examined. Each individual’s hair was examined twice to determine whether there was infestation by lice or nits, through direct visual exam and the use of a metal microchanelled fine-toothed comb. Results: The visual diagnosis detected infestation in 30.7 percent of the cases, while the metal comb detected infestation in 51.5 percent. Females were the most affected. The forms of parasites detected through direct visual exam were: only lice (adults and/or nymphs) 1.4 percent, only live nits 64.8 percent and live nits and lice, 33.8 percent; with the metal comb the percentages were 6.4 percent, 23.6 percent and 70 percent, respectively. The average time to find a louse was 57 seconds with the fine-toothed comb and 116.4 seconds through the direct visual exam. Conclusions: Diagnosis with the microchanelled fine-toothed comb is twice as fast and 3.6 times more efficient than through direct visual exam.The direct visual exam detects non-active, past infestations, and underestimates active ones.

Self-diagnosis of active head lice infestation by individuals from an impoverished community: high sensitivity and specificity

To compare sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of self-diagnosis for head lice infestation with visual inspection, we conducted a study in an urban slum in Brazil. Individuals were asked about active head lice infestation (self-diagnosis); we performed visual inspection and thereafter wet combing (gold standard). Of the 175 individuals included, 77 (44 percent) had an active head lice infestation. For self-diagnosis, sensitivity (80.5 percent), specificity (91.8 percent), PPV (88.6 percent) and NPV (85.7 percent) were high. Sensitivity of visual inspection was 35.1 percent. Public health professionals can use self-diagnosis as a diagnostic tool, to estimate accurately prevalence of pediculosis in a community, and to monitor ongoing intervention strategies.

Foi conduzido um estudo em uma favela urbana no Brasil com o objetivo de comparar a sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo positivo (VPP) e valor preditivo negativo (VPN) do auto-diagnóstico de pediculose com a inspeção visual. Dos 175 indivíduos incluídos, 77 (44 por cento) apresentavam pediculose. Para o auto-diagnóstico, a sensibilidade (80.5 por cento), a especificidade (91.8 por cento), o VPP (88.6 por cento) e o VPN (85.7 por cento) foram altos. A sensibilidade da inspeção visual foi 35.1 por cento. Profissionais de saúde podem utilizar o auto-diagnóstico como uma ferramenta diagnóstica para estimar de forma acurada a prevalência de pediculose em uma comunidade, como também para monitorar estratégias de controle da doença.

Crab louse infestation of eyelashes

To present clinical features and management of ten patients of crab louse infestation of eyelashes Present study includes ten cases of crab louse infestation of eyelashes seen during last few years in eye OPD of Services Hospital and Jinnah Hospital Lahore. Patients visiting eye out-patients department who were reported to have crab louse infestation of eyelashes were examined in detail including systemic examination. Infested parts of the body were photographed as well. The adult patients were asked about similar problem in their sexual partners and the parents of children were inquired similarly. All patients were treated with adequate washing of eyelashes and other involved parts with soap and water and application of any ophthalmic preparation having petroleum base e.g. Polyfax eye ointment in the conjunctival sac and eyelashes and anti-lice dermal preparation e.g. Lotrix [Permethrin] skin preparation to other parts. All patients were followed for a period of three months performing examination of eyelashes with slitlamp and systemic examination every two weeks. Seven out of ten patien ts were adults [70%], five males and two females, and remaining three patients were children [30%]. Forty percent of patients [4/10 patients] had related systemic lesions, including blue gray macules [Maculae caeruleae] and the bullous lesions. In addition to systemic dermatological manifestations, ocular symptoms included deposits in the roots of eyelashes, irritation or feeling of some thing moving in lid margins, mild lacrimation and redness. Ocular examination revealed multiple lice anchoring themselves in the roots of eyelashes sucking blood, along with hundreds of nits cemented with eyelashes. There was a mild conjunctival congestion. Removal of lice resulted in formation of small ulcers of margin of lid. Adequate washing with soap and water, followed by application of Polyfax eye ointment for two to three weeks, resulted in complete cure of the palpebral disease. This study emphasizes the significance of an infrequently seen clinical condition of crab louse infestation of eyelashes, not only as a venereal disease expecting much higher number of infections but also as an important cause of refractory cases of chronic irritation of eyes with blepharitis. Careful examination of eyelids with slitlamp microscope may establish the diagnosis. All the sexual partners should be treated simultaneously. Other parts of the body having less dense population of hair should be examined and adequate measures should be taken for the management, including application of anti-lice dermal ointment e.g. Lotrix [Permethrin] skin ointment

Study on the prevalence of some medical insects and arachnids[lice, scabies] in some directory governorate in Erbil

Infectious cases of human lice and scabies were studied in some directory of Erbil government such [Mahatta prisoners, house of elders and house of parentless children[female]] During the period from February to July 2000.Among the 682 prisoners 382 of them were infested with Lice and the results showed that a high incidence [56%] of infestations with human Lice among prisoners were observed during cold months when compared with hot months but 346 of them or [50.7%] were infested with both scabies. Some prisons were infested with both ecto parasites [scabies and Lice]. No scabies were found in parentless children, but a high incidence [27%] of lice was observed. No infestation with both ecto parasite were observed in house elders

Common skin problems.

Dermatological problems manifesting as primary and secondary cutaneous complaints, constitute at least 30% of all outpatient visits to a pediatrician and 30% of all visits to dermatologists involve patients of pediatric age group. There is, however, a paucity of data about pediatric dermatoses in India, which has been reviewed to the extent possible. A brief account of common dermatological problems in India mainly infestations (pediculosis capitis, scabies) and infections (pyoderma, molluscum contagiosum, warts, herpes simplex infection, varicella, herpes zoster, tinea capitis and corporis, tinea versicolor, and candidiasis) has been given. At the end, common pediatric dermatological emergencies have been short-listed. Erythema multiforme and its variants and acrodermatitis enteropathica are discussed briefly.

Tratamento de fitiríase palpebral com ivermectina / Treatment of palpebral phthiriasis with invermectin

Os autores descrevem um caso de paciente de 16 anos portadora de fitiríase palpebral tratada com ivermectina por via oral. Embora esta droga já esteja em uso há vários anos para terapêutica de outras parasitoses, ela também é reconhecidamente eficaz contra o Phthirus pubis. A maior vantagem de seu emprego na enfermidade aqui descrita pode residir na comodidade posológica.

four years old girl with phthiriasis pubis infestation

The subject of this study was a four years old girl who had Phthirus pubis infestation in the scalp, eyelids, eyelashes, neck and shoulders. She had fever, severe itching, allergic reaction and anxiety. The girl was successfully treated with 2.5% permethrin cream. The risk of lice infestation as a community health problem was discussed