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1.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 79(2): 115-122, abr. 2019. tab
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: biblio-1002617

RESUMEN

Both total caloric intake and consumption of free sugars is higher than recommended. This situation contributes, among many other factors, to the increase of overweight and obesity in the population. To maintain the sweet taste of foods and beverages while reducing the caloric content and the amount of free sugars in said products, many people choose to replace sugary products in their diet for options containing non-caloric sweeteners. This change in their dietary choice is accompanied by an increasing number of consultations with health professionals about the effects that non-caloric sweeteners could have on their body weight. Results reported in different scientific publications seem contradictory in relation to this topic: some of them, showing a positive association between the consumption of non-caloric sweeteners and energy intake and body weight, while others reporting that the consumption of these additives -in replacement of sugar- may lead to a reduction in caloric intake and body weight. The main objective of this article is to review the available evidence on the consumption of non-caloric sweeteners in relation to body weight, thus providing another tool for health professionals to make nutritional recommendations based on the best available evidence.


Tanto la ingesta calórica total como el consumo de azúcares libres son mayores a los recomendados. Esta situación contribuye, entre muchos otros factores, al aumento del sobrepeso y la obesidad en la población. Para mantener el sabor dulce de los alimentos y bebidas, y a la vez reducir el contenido calórico y la cantidad de azúcares en los mismos, cada vez más personas optan por reemplazar los productos azucarados en su dieta por edulcorantes no calóricos. Este cambio dietario se acompaña de un creciente número de consultas con profesionales de la salud, sobre los efectos que los edulcorantes no calóricos podrían tener sobre el peso corporal. Resultados comunicados en diversas publicaciones científicas parecen contradictorios con relación a este tema, algunas informan una asociación positiva entre el consumo de edulcorantes no calóricos, la ingesta energética y el peso corporal, y otras muestran que el consumo de estos aditivos -en reemplazo del azúcar- lleva a una reducción de la ingesta calórica y a un descenso de peso. El principal objetivo de este artículo es repasar la evidencia disponible sobre el consumo de edulcorantes no calóricos con relación al peso corporal, brindando así una herramienta más para que los profesionales de la salud puedan hacer recomendaciones nutricionales basadas en la mejor evidencia disponible.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Edulcorantes no Nutritivos/farmacología , Obesidad/prevención & control , Ingestión de Energía/efectos de los fármacos , Pérdida de Peso/efectos de los fármacos , Índice de Masa Corporal , Azúcares de la Dieta/efectos adversos
2.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 51(6): e7575, 2018. graf
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: biblio-889102

RESUMEN

Because of weight gain, women often discontinue hormonal contraception, especially depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA). Our objective was to conduct a systematic review of studies describing dietary intake or eating behavior in DMPA users to understand whether the use of DMPA is associated with changes in dietary habits and behaviors leading to weight gain. We searched the PubMed, POPLINE, CENTRAL Cochrane, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases for reports published in English between 1980 and 2017 examining dietary intake or eating behavior in healthy women in reproductive age and adolescents using DMPA (150 mg/mL). Of the 749 publications screened, we excluded 742 due to duplicates (96), not addressing the key research question (638), not reporting dietary intake data (4), and not evaluating the relationship of body weight and dietary or eating behaviors (4). We identified seven relevant studies, including one randomized placebo-controlled trial, one non-randomized paired clinical trial, and five cohort studies. The randomized trial found no association and the other reports were inconsistent. Findings varied from no change in dietary intake or eating behavior with DMPA use to increased appetite in the first six months of DMPA use. Few studies report dietary intake and eating behavior in DMPA users and the available data are insufficient to conclude whether DMPA use is associated with changes in dietary habits or behavior leading to weight gain.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Ingestión de Energía/efectos de los fármacos , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacos , Acetato de Medroxiprogesterona/efectos adversos , Anticonceptivos Femeninos/efectos adversos , Conducta Alimentaria/efectos de los fármacos , Índice de Masa Corporal , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto
3.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 62(1): 37-43, mar. 2012. ilus, tab
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: lil-716435

RESUMEN

Jaboticaba, a native fruit from Brazilian Atlantic Forest, is an important source of anthocyanins. Anthocyanins have been recently identified as modulators of lipid metabolism and energy expenditure ‘in vivo’. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the freeze-dried jaboticaba peel powder on obesity treatment in different experimental models. Obese Swiss mice and obese Sprague- Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet supplemented with 1, 2 and 4% freeze-dried jaboticaba peel powder for 6 weeks. Energy intake, weight gain and body composition were determined, and the results were analyzed using variance and Tukey's tests (p <0.05). The energy intake was higher in mice groups supplemented with 2% and 4% of jaboticaba peel. In relation to weight gain, the mice supplemented with 2% of jaboticaba peel had higher total weight gain than the other experimental groups, while no significant difference in the fat mass accumulation was observed among the groups. The rats did not show significant differences in the evaluated parameters. These results suggest that the supplementation with freeze-dried jaboticaba peel powder, at concentrations of 1, 2 and 4%, was not effective in the reduction of energy intake, weight gain and body fat both in mice and in rats.


La cáscara de jaboticaba liofilizada, una rica fuente de antocianinas, no influyó en la ganancia de peso ni en el contenido de lípidos en roedores La jaboticaba, una fruta nativa de la Selva Atlántica de Brasil, es una fuente importante de antocianinas. Las antocianinas han sido recientemente identificadas como moduladoras del metabolismo de lípidos y del gasto energético en vivo. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el uso de la cáscara de jaboticaba liofilizada en polvo en el tratamiento de la obesidad, en distintos modelos experimentales. Ratones Swiss y ratas Sprague-Dawley obesos, recibieron dietas con alto contenido de grasas, a las que se añadió 1, 2 y 4% de cáscara de jaboticaba en polvo, durante 6 semanas. Se determinó el consumo de energía, el aumento de peso y la composición corporal de los animales, y los resultados fueron sometidos a análisis de varianza y prueba de Tukey, con p <0,05. El consumo de energía fue superior en los grupos de ratones Swiss de los grupos con 2% y 4% de cáscara de jaboticaba. En el aumento del peso, los ratones Swiss del grupo con 2% de piel de jaboticaba aumentaron más en peso total comparados a los otros grupos experimentales; mientras que no se observaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos respecto a la composición de la masa grasa. Entre los grupos de ratas Sprague-Dawley no se dieron diferencias significativas en ninguno de los parámetros evaluados. Por lo tanto, se concluye que la adición de 1, 2 y 4% de cáscara de jaboticaba liofilizada, a la dieta, no fue eficaz para el tratamiento de la obesidad, tanto en ratones Swiss como en ratas Sprague-Dawley.


Asunto(s)
Animales , Ratones , Ratas , Antocianinas/uso terapéutico , Ingestión de Energía/efectos de los fármacos , Myrtaceae/química , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacos , Antocianinas/aislamiento & purificación , Liofilización , Frutas/química , Ratas Sprague-Dawley
4.
Clinics ; 66(6): 997-1002, 2011. tab
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: lil-594368

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To describe nutritional status, body composition and lipid profile in children and adolescents receiving protease inhibitors. METHODS: Fifty-nine patients, 23 treated with protease inhibitors (group 1) and 36 not using protease inhibitors (group 2). Their dietary intake, anthropometry, bioimpedance analysis and lipid profile variables were measured. RESULTS: There was no difference in nutritional status or body composition between groups at the beginning of the study. After 6 months of follow-up, there was an increase in weight and height in both groups, as well as in waist circumference and subscapular skinfold thickness. In group 2, body mass index and triceps skinfold thickness adequacy were significantly higher after 6 months of follow-up. The groups had similar energy and macronutrient intake at any time point. After 6 months, group 1 had a higher cholesterol intake and group 2 had a higher fiber intake. Triglyceride serum levels were significantly different between the groups, with higher values in G1, at any time point [G1: 153 mg/dl (30-344); 138 (58-378) versus G2: 76 mg/dl (29-378); 76 (29-378)]. After 6 months of follow-up, G1 had higher LDL-cholesterol than G2 [104 mg/dl (40-142) versus 82 (42-145)]. CONCLUSION: The use of protease inhibitors, per se, does not seem to significantly interfere with anthropometric measures, body composition and food intake of HIV-infected children and adolescents. However, this antiretroviral therapy was associated with a significant increase in triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol in our subjects.


Asunto(s)
Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Terapia Antirretroviral Altamente Activa/efectos adversos , Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , Inhibidores de la Proteasa del VIH/efectos adversos , Lípidos/sangre , Estado Nutricional/efectos de los fármacos , Antropometría , Composición Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Ingestión de Energía/efectos de los fármacos , Estudios de Seguimiento , Infecciones por VIH/sangre , Factores de Riesgo , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Factores de Tiempo
5.
Arq. bras. endocrinol. metab ; 54(1): 45-51, fev. 2010. tab, ilus
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: lil-544031

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of consumption of different protein sources on food intake and energy expenditure in normal weight subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Breakfast preparations (casein, soy protein, whey protein or control) were ingested during seven consecutive days. Appetite, food intake, and energy expenditure were assessed. RESULTS: Casein consumption led to a lower energy intake than whey protein. There was lower energy intake on day 7 than on day 1 of the casein session. Soy protein preparations resulted in higher diet induced thermogenesis (DIT) than in control preparations. The respiratory quotient (RQ) obtained in the whey protein session was lower than the control and soy protein sessions. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the consumption of different protein types leads to distinct effects on satiety (casein), DIT (soy protein), and/or RQ (whey protein).


OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os efeitos do consumo de diferentes fontes proteicas na ingestão alimentar e gasto energético em indivíduos eutróficos. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Preparações (caseína, proteína da soja, proteína do soro de leite ou controle) foram ingeridas no desjejum, durante sete dias consecutivos. RESULTADOS: A caseína resultou em menor ingestão calórica do que o soro de leite. Houve uma menor ingestão calórica no último dia da sessão da caseína em relação ao primeiro dia. Preparações contendo proteína da soja resultaram em maior termogênese induzida pela dieta (TID) em comparação às preparações controle. O cociente respiratório (CR) obtido na sessão do soro de leite foi menor que na sessão controle e da proteína da soja. CONCLUSÃO: Esses resultados sugerem que o consumo de diferentes tipos de proteínas resulta em efeitos distintos na saciedade (caseína), TID (proteína da soja) e/ou CR (proteína do soro).


Asunto(s)
Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Joven , Apetito/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas en la Dieta/farmacología , Ingestión de Alimentos/efectos de los fármacos , Ingestión de Energía/efectos de los fármacos , Metabolismo Energético/efectos de los fármacos , Análisis de Varianza , Caseínas/farmacología , Proteínas en la Dieta/clasificación , Proteínas en la Dieta/normas , Proteínas de la Leche/farmacología , Obesidad/prevención & control , Consumo de Oxígeno/efectos de los fármacos , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Saciedad/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas de Soja/farmacología , Termogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto Joven
6.
Journal of Korean Medical Science ; : 1053-1059, 2010.
Artículo en Inglés | WPRIM | ID: wpr-155861

RESUMEN

This study was conducted to evaluate whether the composition of carbohydrate or fat diet affects insulin resistance by measuring the muscle glucose transport rate. Both high-sucrose and high-starch diet with or without high-fat decreased insulin-stimulated glucose transport, but there were no significant differences among groups. Calorie intake in both high-sucrose and high-starch diet groups was higher than in chow group. The high-fat high-sucrose diet induced decrease in insulin-stimulated glucose transport was partially improved by supplement with fish oil. Calorie intake in high-fat high-sucrose and fish oil supplemented groups was higher than in chow group. The decreased insulin-stimulated glucose transport was accompanied by the increase in visceral fat mass, plasma triglyceride and insulin levels. These changes were improved by the supplement with fish oil. These results demonstrate that the composition of fat in diet is clearly instrumental in the induction of muscle insulin resistance. However, in high carbohydrate diet, it is likely that the amount of calorie intake may be a more important factor in causing insulin resistance than the composition of carbohydrate. Thus, the compositions of carbohydrate and fat in diet differentially affect on muscle insulin resistance.


Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Glucemia/metabolismo , Peso Corporal , Dieta , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/farmacología , Grasas de la Dieta/farmacología , Suplementos Dietéticos , Ingestión de Energía/efectos de los fármacos , Aceites de Pescado/farmacología , Insulina/sangre , Resistencia a la Insulina/fisiología , Grasa Intraabdominal/efectos de los fármacos , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas Sprague-Dawley
7.
Acta cir. bras ; 20(3): 229-236, May-June 2005. tab, graf
Artículo en Inglés | LILACS | ID: lil-414387

RESUMEN

OBJETIVO:Testar os efeitos do extrato aquoso de Coleus barbatus (WEB) sobre o aproveitamento nutricional e o metabolismo lipídico em ratos jovens com colestase obstrutiva. MÉTODOS: Quarenta ratos machos Wistar com 21 dias de vida (P21), em grupos de 10, foram submetidos a um dos seguintes tratamentos: operação simulada e administração diária de água ou WEB e dupla ligadura e ressecção do ducto biliar com administração diária de água ou WEB. No P49, foram sacrificados e medidos: a ração ingerida (IF), o aproveitamento nutricional (EU) e o ganho de peso (WG) desde o P29 ao P49, as concentrações séricas do colesterol total (TC) e dos triacilgliceróis (TG), o peso fresco (LWW) e o teor de gordura do fígado (LFC). A ANOVA com dois fatores e o método de S.N.K para comparações pareadas (p<0,05) foram utilizados para estudar os efeitos, sobre as variáveis, da colestase e do EAB e suas interações. RESULTADOS: A colestase, independentemente do WEB, e o WEB independentemente da colestase diminuíram o WG, a IF e o EU, mas não houve interação significativa entre os dois fatores. A colestase, independentemente do WEB elevou o LWW, o LFC, o TC e os TG. O WEB, independentemente da colestase, diminuiu esses valores, havendo interação significativa entre os dois fatores, sendo estes efeitos mais acentuados nos animais com colestase. CONCLUSÃO: O EAB diminui a IF, o EU e o WG, tanto na presença quanto na ausência de colestase, na mesma proporção. O WEB inibi parcialmente o aumento do LWW, do LFC, do TC e dos TG causados pela colestase.


Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Ratas , Cirrosis Hepática Biliar/metabolismo , Colesterol/metabolismo , Coleus/química , Aumento de Peso/efectos de los fármacos , Ingestión de Energía/efectos de los fármacos , Triglicéridos/metabolismo , Conducto Colédoco , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Fitoterapia/métodos , Ratas Wistar
8.
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine ; : 87-92, 2004.
Artículo en Inglés | WPRIM | ID: wpr-122279

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Recent research has reported that high sugar diets increase insulin resistance, without abdominal obesity, in male, but not female Wister rats. Whether a high sucrose (SU) diet increased insulin resistance in ovariectomized (OVX) rats was determined. METHODS: Female Sprague Dawley rats, weighing 273 +/- 20 g, had either an ovariectomy or a sham operation (sham). OVX and sham rats were divided into two groups: one group had a 68 En% SU diet and the other a 68 En% starch (ST) diet for 8 weeks. RESULTS: The body weight was higher in the OVX than the sham rats, regardless of dietary carbohydrate subtype. The fasting serum glucose levels did not differ according to diet and ovariectomy. However, the fasting serum insulin levels were higher in the OVX than the sham rats, and in the OVX rats, a high SU diet increased the serum insulin levels more than a high ST diet. The whole body glucose disposal rates, which referred to the state of insulin sensitivity, were lower in the OVX rats fed both the high SU and ST diets, compared to sham rats. Glycogen deposits in the soleus and quadriceps muscles were lower in the OVX rats fed high SU and ST diets than in sham rats. The glucose transporter 4 content and fraction velocity of glycogen synthase in muscles showed similar glucose disposal rates. However, the triacylglycerol content in the muscles were higher in the OVX rats with a high SU diet than those with a high ST diet. CONCLUSION: These results suggested that an OVX increased the weight gain due to higher food intakes, regardless of dietary carbohydrate subtypes. OVX-induced obesity may be involved in the induction of insulin resistance from an increased triacylglycerol content, decreased glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in skeletal muscles, regardless of dietary carbohydrate subtypes.


Asunto(s)
Animales , Femenino , Ratas , Glucemia/efectos de los fármacos , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Carbohidratos de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Ingestión de Energía/efectos de los fármacos , Estradiol/sangre , Técnica de Clampeo de la Glucosa , Transportador de Glucosa de Tipo 4/efectos de los fármacos , Glucógeno/metabolismo , Glucógeno Sintasa/efectos de los fármacos , Insulina/sangre , Resistencia a la Insulina , Leptina/sangre , Modelos Animales , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Ovariectomía , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Factores de Tiempo , Triglicéridos/metabolismo
9.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health ; 1997 ; 28 Suppl 2(): 69-74
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-32646

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of 3 months iron supplementation on physical growth among anemic school children given daily and weekly and to know the response based on hemoglobin level. SUBJECT: One hundred forty-four children were measured for height, weight and hemoglobin level. Ninety seven children were anemic (67.36%) with Hb level < 12 g/dl and forty seven children were non anemic. anemic children were divided into 2 subgroups and randomly assigned to either daily and weekly Fe treatment for 12 weeks. The non anemic group were treated with weekly iron supplementation, which was accepted by the parents. OUTCOME MEASURES: Children's height, weight, and hemoglobin of T1 and T2 food recall method was used to know calorie, protein, vitamin C and iron intake in both daily and weekly subgroups. Three days food recall was performed in the second and third months by a nutritionist. RESULT: After iron supplementation, the hemoglobin level in both group increased significantly. The average change of hemoglobin between the 2 groups gave no significant difference. W/A and H/A after iron supplementation showed significantly increased in both groups. The average change of W/A and H/A between the 2 groups gave no significant difference. CONCLUSION: Daily and weekly iron supplementation showed no significant difference in increasing of hemoglobin level and physical growth. Further research must be done with appropriate sample size and well design.


Asunto(s)
Análisis de Varianza , Anemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Estatura , Peso Corporal , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Suplementos Dietéticos/efectos adversos , Esquema de Medicación , Ingestión de Energía/efectos de los fármacos , Crecimiento/efectos de los fármacos , Hemoglobinas/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Indonesia , Hierro/deficiencia , Servicios de Salud Escolar/normas , Resultado del Tratamiento
10.
Indian J Physiol Pharmacol ; 1992 Oct; 36(4): 244-6
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-107334

RESUMEN

The effects of estrogen (OVX-EB) and progesterone (OVX-P) administration to ovariectomized (OVX) rats on food and fluid intakes were studied in fifty five animals grouped into three series. Animals in each series were given a choice of two fluids viz. tap water and either 5% glucose (5 G/W) or 12% glucose (12 G/W) or 1.5% Sodium chloride (S/W) by two bottle preference. Both hormones had a differential effect on the ingestion of the two concentrations of glucose while progesterone markedly increased the intake of Sodium Chloride. Could the putative role of the ovarian hormones be hedonic for glucose and homeostatic for salt?


Asunto(s)
Animales , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Ingestión de Líquidos/efectos de los fármacos , Ingestión de Alimentos/efectos de los fármacos , Ingestión de Energía/efectos de los fármacos , Estrógenos/farmacología , Femenino , Preferencias Alimentarias/fisiología , Glucosa/administración & dosificación , Ovariectomía , Ovario/fisiología , Progesterona/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Cloruro de Sodio/administración & dosificación , Gusto/fisiología
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