Comparative effect of ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin on the modulation of bile acid profiles and gut microbiota in rats

Abstract Fluoroquinolones are an important class of antimicrobial agents to manage infectious diseases. However, knowledge about how host bile acids are modified by fluoroquinolones is limited. We investigated and compared the impact of fluoroquinolones on circulating bile acid profiles and gut microbiota from in vivo studies. We administered ciprofloxacin (100 mg/kg/day) or moxifloxacin (40 mg/kg/day) orally to male Wistar rats for seven days. Fifteen bile acids (BAs) from the serum and large intestine were quantified by HPLC-MS/MS. The diversity of gut microbiota after ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin treatment was analyzed using high-throughput, next-generation sequencing technology. The two fluoroquinolone-treated groups had different BA profiles. Ciprofloxacin significantly reduced the hydrophobicity index of the BA pool, reduced secondary BAs, and increased taurine-conjugated primary BAs in both the serum and large intestine as compared with moxifloxacin. Besides, ciprofloxacin treatment altered intestinal microbiota with a remarkable increase in Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio, while moxifloxacin exerted no effect. What we found suggests that different fluoroquinolones have a distinct effect on the host BAs metabolism and intestinal bacteria, and therefore provide guidance on the selection of fluoroquinolones to treat infectious diseases.

Imaging of congenital anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract.

The radiological imaging plays a vital role in the evaluation of patients with congenital anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract. The evaluation of these patients, most of which present early after birth, frequently requires the use of various imaging modalities for making the correct diagnosis and planning surgical correction. This article reviews the common congenital anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract including obstructive lesions, anomalies of rotation and fixation, anorectal anomalies, and intestinal duplications. The plain radiograph is often diagnostic in neonates with complete gastric of upper intestinal obstruction and further radiologic evaluation may be unnecessary. An upper gastrointestinal series should be performed in all patients with incomplete intestinal obstruction. Sonography is useful in the evaluation of many congenital anomalies affecting pediatric gastrointestinal tract especially hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, enteric duplication cysts, midgut malrotation, meconium ileus and meconium peritonitis. Moreover, CT and MRI has assumed a greater importance as these provide excellent anatomic details which may be necessary for correct diagnosis as well as treatment planning. This is particularly true in evaluation of congenital anomalies such as esophageal/enteric duplications, vascular rings and anorectal anomalies. It is important to be familiar with the role nad usefulness of the various imaging modalities so that these can be used judiciously to avoid unnecessary radiation exposure while minimizing the patient discomfort.

Anomalías de la rotación intestinal en adultos

La rotación normal y la fijación del intestino medio ocurren durante los tres primeros meses de vida embrionaria; la porción cefálica de ese intestino medio va a formar el duodeno distal , el yeyuno, el íleon. La porción caudal forma el íleon distal, ciego, colon ascendente y parte del transverso. En el embrión de cuatro semanas aumenta la longitud de esas ramas, en el de cinco semanas empieza la rotación en sentido contrario a las agujas del reloj para terminar el duodeno localizado a nivel posterior de la arteria Mesentérica y el ciego y el colon ascendente se localizan primero en la región superior derecha del abdomen y luego en el cuadrante inferior derecho cuando las asas intestinales retornan a la cavidad abdominal alrededor de las doce semanas. La malrotación intestinal resulta de la incapacidad del intestino para rotar y fijarse de un modo normal. Se presenta los casos de dos pacientes adultos con malrotación intestinal y el tratamiento efectuado en los mismos

Síndrome de Chilaiditi associada a volvo de cólon sigmóide / Chilaiditi syndrome associeted to volvulus of the sigmoid colon

A interposiçao do cólon entre o fígado e a cúpula diafragmática (síndrome de Chilaiditi) associada a volvo de cólon sigmóide constitui causa rara de abdome agudo obstrutivo, embora o volvo de sigmóide seja uma das principais causas de obstruçao intestinal mecânica no Brasil. Os autores apresentam um caso desta associaçao, ainda nao descrita na literatura, cujo diagnóstico foi sugerido pelos estudos radiológicos e confirmado cirurgicamente.

A Gastroschisis with Antenatal Eviceration of Entire Liver, Intestine and Stomach

This is a 1.5Kg female baby delivered in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Severance Hospital with normal spontaneous vaginal delivery at 32 weeks gestation period. In delivery room they noticed eviceration of the entire liver, small intestine and stomach through an abdominal wall defect above umbilicus without a covering membrane. Umbilicus was normally inserted at the inferior margin of the abdominal wall defect. This anomaly was diagnosed as Gastroschisis after reviewing the literature. This is the first case report of Gastroschisis in Korea.